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  1. Article: Biofertilizer derived from dairy manure increases raspberry fruit weight and leaf magnesium concentration

    Lu, Qianwen / Tao, Haiying / Ndegwa, Pius / Alege, Femi P. / DeVetter, Lisa W.

    Scientia horticulturae. 2022 Aug. 25, v. 302

    2022  

    Abstract: Dairy manure is often readily available in the area where the processed red raspberry industry is concentrated. The successful transformation of raw dairy manure waste to a valuable organic-derived fertilizer could alleviate environment threats and ... ...

    Abstract Dairy manure is often readily available in the area where the processed red raspberry industry is concentrated. The successful transformation of raw dairy manure waste to a valuable organic-derived fertilizer could alleviate environment threats and provide multiple soil health benefits. The value of raw dairy manure could be enhanced through new technologies that composts, blends, and pelletizes manure into a concentrated form. However, the potential benefits of this alternative manure-derived fertilizer have not been characterized in any commercial crop. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effects of composted, blended, and pelletized manure (i.e., CBP) on raspberry growth and production. Treatments of urea and CBP fertilizers blended with 10% and 20% (w/w) canola meal were surface applied at low and high rates (56 and 90 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively) to an established ‘Meeker’ raspberry field 2020 and 2021 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant growth and productivity variables were analyzed. The utilization of CBP with 20% or 10% canola meal enhanced fruit weight and leaf magnesium concentration compared to urea, respectively. CBP fertilizers decreased leaf manganese concentration more than urea. There were no other fertilizer source treatment effects for all other measured variables. Additionally, there were no fertilizer rate effects for total yield, fruit quality, plant growth, and leaf nutrient concentrations. Based on the results, CBP fertilizer did not compromise plant growth and productivity relative to urea and could be an alternative to conventional fertilizer .
    Keywords Rubus idaeus ; biofertilizers ; canola meal ; dairy manure ; fertilizer rates ; fruit quality ; fruit weight ; industry ; leaves ; magnesium ; manganese ; mineral fertilizers ; pellets ; plant growth ; raspberries ; soil quality ; urea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0825
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 185557-8
    ISSN 0304-4238
    ISSN 0304-4238
    DOI 10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111160
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  2. Article: Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater

    Miito, Gilbert J. / Ndegwa, Pius M. / Alege, Femi P. / Coulibaly, Sifolo S. / Harrison, Joe

    Journal of environmental quality. 2022 July, v. 51, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: Dairy effluent is a potential source of gaseous pollutants associated with global warming and soil acidification. Mitigating such emissions during handling and storage requires substantial financial and labor input. This study evaluated a low‐cost ... ...

    Abstract Dairy effluent is a potential source of gaseous pollutants associated with global warming and soil acidification. Mitigating such emissions during handling and storage requires substantial financial and labor input. This study evaluated a low‐cost technology for mitigating gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater. For 9 mo, a pilot‐scale vermifilter system installed on a commercial dairy farm was studied. Bimonthly samples of the dairy wastewater influent and effluent from the vermifilter system were collected. These samples’ potential gas emissions (ammonia [NH₃], methane [CH₄], carbon dioxide [CO₂], and nitrous oxide [N₂O]) were measured using a closed‐loop dynamic flux chamber method. Results indicated the following reductions in emissions of these gases by the vermifilter system: 84–100% for NH₃, 58–82% for CO₂, and 95–100% for CH₄. Nitrous oxide emissions were mainly below our instrument detection limits and were thus not reported. The vermifilter showed the potential of reducing the global warming potential from the dairy wastewater by up to 100%. This study further indicated that higher ambient temperatures led to higher emissions of CH₄ (R² = .56) and NH₃ (R² = .53) from untreated dairy wastewater. Overall, the vermifilter system has potential to mitigate gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater.
    Keywords ammonia ; carbon dioxide ; dairy farming ; environmental quality ; greenhouses ; labor ; methane ; nitrous oxide ; soil acidification ; vermifiltration ; wastewater
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-07
    Size p. 644-655.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 120525-0
    ISSN 1537-2537 ; 0047-2425
    ISSN (online) 1537-2537
    ISSN 0047-2425
    DOI 10.1002/jeq2.20367
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  3. Article ; Online: Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater.

    Miito, Gilbert J / Ndegwa, Pius M / Alege, Femi P / Coulibaly, Sifolo S / Harrison, Joe

    Journal of environmental quality

    2022  Volume 51, Issue 4, Page(s) 644–655

    Abstract: Dairy effluent is a potential source of gaseous pollutants associated with global warming and soil acidification. Mitigating such emissions during handling and storage requires substantial financial and labor input. This study evaluated a low-cost ... ...

    Abstract Dairy effluent is a potential source of gaseous pollutants associated with global warming and soil acidification. Mitigating such emissions during handling and storage requires substantial financial and labor input. This study evaluated a low-cost technology for mitigating gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater. For 9 mo, a pilot-scale vermifilter system installed on a commercial dairy farm was studied. Bimonthly samples of the dairy wastewater influent and effluent from the vermifilter system were collected. These samples' potential gas emissions (ammonia [NH
    MeSH term(s) Ammonia/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Gases ; Greenhouse Gases/analysis ; Methane/analysis ; Nitrous Oxide/analysis ; Waste Water
    Chemical Substances Gases ; Greenhouse Gases ; Waste Water ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Ammonia (7664-41-7) ; Nitrous Oxide (K50XQU1029) ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120525-0
    ISSN 1537-2537 ; 0047-2425
    ISSN (online) 1537-2537
    ISSN 0047-2425
    DOI 10.1002/jeq2.20367
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2958: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  4. Article: Influence of moisture content on recovery and durability of dairy manure compost pellets

    Alege, Femi P. / Tao, Haiying / Miito, Gilbert J. / DeVetter, Lisa W. / Ndegwa, Pius M.

    Bioresource technology reports. 2022 June, v. 18

    2022  

    Abstract: This paper presents model relationships between pre-pelleting moisture content (MC) of composted dairy manure and both pellet durability (PD) and pellets recovery (PR). Pellets were produced with two dies (6-mm and 8-mm) at MC ranging from 10 to 35% (wet ...

    Abstract This paper presents model relationships between pre-pelleting moisture content (MC) of composted dairy manure and both pellet durability (PD) and pellets recovery (PR). Pellets were produced with two dies (6-mm and 8-mm) at MC ranging from 10 to 35% (wet basis). Results showed strong correlations between PR and PD at MC between 10 and 35% (r = 0.87 for the 8-mm die, and r = 0.98 for the 6-mm die). Regression equations also revealed PD and PR were strongly dependent on feedstock MC (r² = 0.96 and 0.96 for 6-mm die, and 0.94 and 0.95 for 8-mm die, respectively). Equations showing PD as functions of both PR and MC were also developed and verified. The percent of pellets recovered, therefore, may be used to predict the durability of the pellets at a given MC. The models have significant potential of reducing time and cost of producing pellets from dairy manure-composts.
    Keywords composted manure ; dairy manure ; durability ; feedstocks ; technology ; water content
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2589-014X
    DOI 10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101076
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  5. Article: A vermifilter system for reducing nutrients and organic-strength of dairy wastewater

    Miito, Gilbert J / Ndegwa, Pius / Alege, Femi / Coulibaly, Sifolo Seydou / Davis, Russ / Harrison, Joe

    Elsevier B.V. Environmental technology & innovation. 2021 May 21,

    2021  

    Abstract: Vermifiltration is an emerging low-cost and environmentally sustainable technology for the treatment of wastewater and recovery of nutrients. This study evaluated, for 6 months, the efficacy of a pilot-scale vermifilter for the treatment of a side-stream ...

    Abstract Vermifiltration is an emerging low-cost and environmentally sustainable technology for the treatment of wastewater and recovery of nutrients. This study evaluated, for 6 months, the efficacy of a pilot-scale vermifilter for the treatment of a side-stream of dairy wastewater at a commercial dairy farm in Washington State. Samples of dairy wastewater were collected at the upstream and downstream of the vermifilter during these six months and analyzed for reductions in the solid contents (total solids (TS) and total suspended solids (TSS)), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pertinent nitrogen species (total nitrogen (TN), total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N), and phosphorus species (total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate (Ortho-P)). The results indicated that investigated. The respective reductions were 81 ± 7.1% for TAN, 77 ± 8.4% for TN, and 74 ± 9.5% NO₃-N. Total solids reduction was, generally, low at 21 ± 7.0% but the reduction of TSS was significantly high at 68 ± 10%. Results indicated modest reductions of TP (48 ± 6.0%) and COD (45 ± 4.1%), but relatively lower Ortho-P reduction (3.9 ± 19.2%). Regression modeling showed that ambient temperature has a significant influence on the reduction efficiencies of TAN (by as much as 50%) and COD (by as much as 59%). Overall, this study demonstrated that vermifiltration has great potential in alleviating nutrients contents and simultaneously reducing organic strength of the vermifilter effluents.
    Keywords Washington (state) ; ambient temperature ; ammonium nitrogen ; chemical oxygen demand ; dairy farming ; environmental technology ; nitrate nitrogen ; nitrogen ; orthophosphates ; phosphorus ; sustainable technology ; total nitrogen ; total phosphorus ; vermifiltration ; wastewater ; wastewater treatment
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0521
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; Pre-press version
    ISSN 2352-1864
    DOI 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101648
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  6. Article ; Online: Methane yields during anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure with other feedstocks: A meta-analysis.

    Ma, Guiling / Ndegwa, Pius / Harrison, Joseph H / Chen, Yanting

    The Science of the total environment

    2020  Volume 728, Page(s) 138224

    Abstract: Anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure with other feedstocks (aka co-digestion) is increasingly being used to enhance methane yield and organic waste management. The benefits accruing from co-digestions compared to mono-digestions, however, vary greatly ...

    Abstract Anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure with other feedstocks (aka co-digestion) is increasingly being used to enhance methane yield and organic waste management. The benefits accruing from co-digestions compared to mono-digestions, however, vary greatly in the literature. The goal of this research was to use meta-analysis to critically compare methane yields between mono- and co-digestions and identify relevant factors (co-substrate type, substrate dose, carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, volatile solids (VS), substrate pH, organic loading rate (OLR), and hydraulic retention time (HRT)) contributing to methane yield. Published studies (n = 64 representing 384 case-studies) with sufficient detail on methane yield were identified for the meta-analysis. Analysis indicated that co-digestion of animal manure with other feedstocks significantly increased methane yield (249 L kg
    MeSH term(s) Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Biofuels ; Bioreactors ; Cattle ; Manure ; Methane ; Swine ; Waste Management
    Chemical Substances Biofuels ; Manure ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138224
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    Zs.A 949: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  7. Article: Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids from Nannochloropsis salina enhanced by breaking microalgae cell wall under alkaline digestion

    Qiu, Yaojing / Chen, Shulin / Frear, Craig / Harrison, Joe / Ma, Jingwei / Ndegwa, Pius / Yao, Yiqing

    Renewable energy. 2020 Apr., v. 149

    2020  

    Abstract: Breaking cell wall is a key step for extracting intracellular components such as proteins and lipids from microalgae. This study investigated an alternative way to disrupt microalgae cell structure by controlling pH during anaerobic digestion. The ... ...

    Abstract Breaking cell wall is a key step for extracting intracellular components such as proteins and lipids from microalgae. This study investigated an alternative way to disrupt microalgae cell structure by controlling pH during anaerobic digestion. The undigested lipid fractions from microalgae was preserved as long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) through pH control at alkaline condition. The optimum anaerobic hydrolysis was observed under alkaline condition at pHs 10 and 11; a maximum concentration of LCFAs (1150 mg/L) was observed at pH 11.0 on the fourth day of anaerobic digestion, which mainly consisted of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid. Under alkaline condition, no methane was produced because of the inhibition of methanogenesis. However, the efficiency of organics hydrolysis was significantly enhanced as more soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was detected at pH 10 (11,170 mg/L SCOD) and pH 11 (12,273 mg/L SCOD), which was nearly twice higher than neutral pH. Also, confocal and transmission electron microscopy images illustrated the damage of microalgae cell wall and distribution of released LCFAs. The results provide insight for developing low-cost options for harvesting lipids from algal biomass.
    Keywords anaerobic digestion ; biomass ; cell walls ; chemical oxygen demand ; harvesting ; hydrolysis ; methane ; methane production ; microalgae ; Nannochloropsis salina ; palmitic acid ; palmitoleic acid ; pH ; proteins ; renewable energy sources ; transmission electron microscopy ; wet digestion method
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-04
    Size p. 691-700.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2001449-1
    ISSN 0960-1481
    ISSN 0960-1481
    DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.093
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  8. Article: Effects of Blending Dairy Manure Compost and Canola Meal on Pellet Quality and Nutrient Concentrations

    Alege, Femi P. / Miito, Gilbert J. / DeVetter, Lisa W. / Tao, Haiying / Ndegwa, Pius M.

    Transactions of the ASABE. , v. 64, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: HighlightsNutrient contents and unit density were positively correlated with canola meal blending ratio.Pellet durability, bulk density, and length were inversely correlated with canola meal blending ratio.Pellets produced from compost and 20% canola ... ...

    Abstract HighlightsNutrient contents and unit density were positively correlated with canola meal blending ratio.Pellet durability, bulk density, and length were inversely correlated with canola meal blending ratio.Pellets produced from compost and 20% canola meal blend were 67% denser than the compost.Pelleting dairy manure and canola meal blends improved nutrient transport and storage.Abstract. The potential for adverse environmental impacts from excess manure nutrients generated in regions with large concentrations of animal production is enormous and real. The goal of this research was to investigate ways of alleviating such threats via pelleting and blending of excess dairy manure nutrients to enhance their value, utilization, transport, and storage. In this study, composted dairy manure was blended with canola meal in ratios ranging from 0% to 40% canola meal prior to pelleting. The pre-pelleting moisture content was set at 21% (wet basis) and an 8 mm diameter die was selected for pelleting, based on previous studies. The effect of canola blending ratio was evaluated against moisture content, unit and bulk densities, recovery, durability, and nutrient concentrations (total nitrogen and phosphate) of the resulting pellets. Results indicated positive correlations between the blending ratio and pellet recovery (r = 0.83), moisture content (r = 0.75), unit density (r = 0.74), total nitrogen (r = 0.99), and phosphate (r = 0.87). In contrast, inverse correlations were observed between the blending ratio and pellet durability (r = -0.93), bulk density (r = -0.99), and length (r = -0.76). No significant differences were observed between the blending ratio and all these parameters for blending ratios of 0% to 15%. However, data indicated significant differences between pellet durability and recovery at blending ratios above 20%. Overall, this study showed that blending dairy manure with up to 15% canola meal significantly (p < 001) improved the nutrient value, storage, and transport. Keywords: Blending, Dairy manure, Durability, Environmental pollution, Pelleting.
    Keywords animal production ; bulk density ; canola ; canola meal ; composted manure ; dairy manure ; durability ; nutrient transport ; nutritive value ; phosphates ; pollution ; total nitrogen ; water content
    Language English
    Size p. 353-363.
    Publishing place American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2232767-8
    ISSN 2151-0032
    ISSN 2151-0032
    DOI 10.13031/trans.14057
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 2084: Show issues

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  9. Article: Enhanced treatment of flush-dairy manure in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors using a cationic polymer

    Zeb, Iftikhar / Kafle, Gopi K / Ndegwa, Pius M / Xue, Xiaoyun

    IAgrE Biosystems engineering. 2019 Oct., v. 186

    2019  

    Abstract: Anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR) are preferred for treating dilute wastewaters but the retention of adequate active biomass, in successive-cycles, is always a challenge. This research investigated the efficacy of using a cationic polyacrylamide ...

    Abstract Anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR) are preferred for treating dilute wastewaters but the retention of adequate active biomass, in successive-cycles, is always a challenge. This research investigated the efficacy of using a cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculant for enhanced sludge retention in an ASBR treating flushed dairy manure, operated under psychrophilic conditions. Three PAM doses (10, 25, and 50 mg [PAM] l−1) were tested in duplicate reactors. At 6 d hydraulic retention time (HRT) and dosing of the feed-manure, steady state specific biogas yield for the 50 mg [PAM] l−1 treatment was 491 ± 7 ml g−1 [TCOD] (56% greater than control). At 4 d HRT the 50 mg [PAM] l−1 dose resulted in 465 ± 8 ml g−1 [TCOD] (20% higher than the control) at steady state conditions. The ratio of total volatile fatty acid to alkalinity was 0.29 ± 0.08 during the 6 d HRT and 0.14 ± 0.02 during the 4 d HRT, which were both below the trigger point for digester souring. This study shows that the use of PAM for high sludge retention in ASBR is a viable approach for, not only enhancing biogas yield, but also for improved and high-rate treatment of flushed dairy manure under psychrophilic conditions.
    Keywords alkalinity ; biogas ; biomass ; dairy manure ; flocculants ; polyacrylamide ; sludge ; volatile fatty acids ; wastewater
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-10
    Size p. 195-203.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2075942-3
    ISSN 1537-5110
    ISSN 1537-5110
    DOI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.07.010
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    Z 1110: Show issues

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  10. Article: Sampling Duration and Frequency for Determining Emission Rates from Naturally Ventilated Dairy Barns

    Kafle, Gopi Krishna / Joo, HungSoo / Ndegwa, Pius M.

    Transactions of the ASABE. , v. 61, no. 2

    2018  

    Abstract: The ideal practice for determining gas emission rates from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is continuous measurement throughout the year to capture diurnal and seasonal variations. However, data that meet this criterion are scarce because ... ...

    Abstract The ideal practice for determining gas emission rates from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is continuous measurement throughout the year to capture diurnal and seasonal variations. However, data that meet this criterion are scarce because this approach is costly and technically challenging. A practical approach with reduced sampling time and frequency without compromising integrity is thus necessary. In this study, we examined five reduced sampling protocols for determining emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy barns: (1) six sampling events, during even months, each event running continuously for 24 h (144 hourly data points); (2) six sampling events, during odd months, each event running continuously for 24 h (144 hourly data points); (3) six sampling events, during even months, each event running continuously for 7 d (1,008 hourly data points); (4) six sampling events, during odd months, each event running continuously for 7 d (1,008 hourly data points); and (5) 12 sampling events, one event every month, each event running continuously for 24 h (288 hourly data points). These five reduced sampling protocols were evaluated against baseline emission rates obtained from a protocol consisting of 12 sampling events, one event every month, each event running continuously for 7 d (2,016 hourly data points). The average baseline emission rates for carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ranged from 7.0 to 10.8 g d-1 AU-1, from 16.9 to 24.3 g d-1 AU-1, and from 0.40 to 0.63 g d-1 AU-1, respectively. Emission rates for CO2 and NH3 obtained from all five reduced sampling protocols had relative biases of less than 20% from the respective baseline emission rates. This implied that even the most reduced sampling protocol (six sampling events per year, each event running continuously for 24 h) would be adequate for determining CO2 and NH3 emission rates. However, for H2S, relative biases of the reduced sampling protocols ranged from 2% to 45%, with a 50% chance of emission rates falling outside ±20% of the baseline emission rates. These protocols, however, are only applicable for quantifying emission rates from barns with steady-state live animal mass. Keywords: Air quality, Emission rates, Air sampling protocol, CAFO, Emission inventories.
    Keywords air ; air quality ; ammonia ; animals ; carbon dioxide ; hydrogen sulfide
    Language English
    Size p. 681-691.
    Publishing place American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2232767-8
    ISSN 2151-0032
    ISSN 2151-0032
    DOI 10.13031/trans.12543
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