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  1. Article ; Online: Fragmentation effects on an endangered species across a gradient from the interior to edge of its range.

    Valente, Jonathon J / Rivers, James W / Yang, Zhiqiang / Nelson, S Kim / Northrup, Joseph M / Roby, Daniel D / Meyer, Carolyn B / Betts, Matthew G

    Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) e14091

    Abstract: Understanding how habitat fragmentation affects individual species is complicated by challenges associated with quantifying species-specific habitat and spatial variability in fragmentation effects within a species' range. We aggregated a 29-year ... ...

    Abstract Understanding how habitat fragmentation affects individual species is complicated by challenges associated with quantifying species-specific habitat and spatial variability in fragmentation effects within a species' range. We aggregated a 29-year breeding survey data set for the endangered marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) from >42,000 forest sites throughout the Pacific Northwest (Oregon, Washington, and northern California) of the United States. We built a species distribution model (SDM) in which occupied sites were linked with Landsat imagery to quantify murrelet-specific habitat and then used occupancy models to test the hypotheses that fragmentation negatively affects murrelet breeding distribution and that these effects are amplified with distance from the marine foraging habitat toward the edge of the species' nesting range. Murrelet habitat declined in the Pacific Northwest by 20% since 1988, whereas the proportion of habitat comprising edges increased by 17%, indicating increased fragmentation. Furthermore, fragmentation of murrelet habitat at landscape scales (within 2 km of survey stations) negatively affected occupancy of potential breeding sites, and these effects were amplified near the range edge. On the coast, the odds of occupancy decreased by 37% (95% confidence interval [CI] -54 to 12) for each 10% increase in edge habitat (i.e., fragmentation), but at the range edge (88 km inland) these odds decreased by 99% (95% CI 98 to 99). Conversely, odds of murrelet occupancy increased by 31% (95% CI 14 to 52) for each 10% increase in local edge habitat (within 100 m of survey stations). Avoidance of fragmentation at broad scales but use of locally fragmented habitat with reduced quality may help explain the lack of murrelet population recovery. Further, our results emphasize that fragmentation effects can be nuanced, scale dependent, and geographically variable. Awareness of these nuances is critical for developing landscape-level conservation strategies for species experiencing broad-scale habitat loss and fragmentation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Endangered Species ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Washington
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 58735-7
    ISSN 1523-1739 ; 0888-8892
    ISSN (online) 1523-1739
    ISSN 0888-8892
    DOI 10.1111/cobi.14091
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book: Status and trend of nesting habitat for the marbled murrelet under the Northwest Forest Plan, 1993 to 2017

    Lorenz, Teresa J. / Raphael, Martin G. / Young, Richard D. / Lynch, Deanna / Nelson, S. Kim / McIver, William R.

    (General technical report PNW ; GTR-998)

    2021  

    Abstract: The objectives of the effectiveness monitoring plan for the marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) include mapping nesting habitat at the start of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) and estimating changes in that habitat every 5 years. Using Maxent ... ...

    Title variant Northwest Forest Plan: the first 25 years (1994-2018)
    Institution Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.),
    Author's details Teresa J. Lorenz, Martin G. Raphael, Richard D. Young, Deanna Lynch, S. Kim Nelson, and William R. McIver
    Series title General technical report PNW ; GTR-998
    Abstract "The objectives of the effectiveness monitoring plan for the marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) include mapping nesting habitat at the start of the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) and estimating changes in that habitat every 5 years. Using Maxent species distribution models, we modeled the amount and distribution of probable nesting habitat in the murrelet's range in the NWFP area in 1993, 1 year prior to the start of the NWFP, and 25 years later (2017). Within the higher probability nesting habitat, we then estimated the amount of contiguous habitat (core) versus the amount of habitat bounding core habitat(edge) and habitat scattered in small forest fragments (scatter). We considered this "core habitat" as the best habitat. Our models indicate that there were 1.51 million acre of higher probability nesting habitat over all lands in the murrelet's range in Washington, Oregon, and California 1 year prior to the start of the NWFP in 1993. Of this, 0.14 million acre were identified as core habitat, which we defined as intact patches of higher probability nesting habitat >5.56 acre in size. In core habitat, we expected nest predation to be relatively low and the microclimate most favorable for murrelets. Most (68 percent, or 1.04 million acre)higher probability nesting habitat in 1993 was on federally administered lands, with 0.97 million acre (66 percent) in reserved land use allocations. We estimated that non-federal lands contained 29 percent of all higher probability nesting habitat, but only 13 percent of all core habitat. Thus, the bulk of core habitat was on federal lands. We estimated a net loss of about 1.4 percent in higher probability nesting habitat across the NWFP area and 1.8 percent in core habitat from 1993 to 2017. Timber harvest and wildfire were the major causes of habitat loss on federal lands since the NWFP was implemented. Timber harvest was the primary cause of loss on state and other nonfederal lands, accounting for 99 percent of all attributable losses since 1993. The NWFP has been successful in conserving higher probability nesting habitat on federal lands across the NWFP area, but has been less successful in conserving core habitat. We anticipate that losses of habitat on federal lands will continue because of fires and timber harvest. As forests mature, some of these losses maybe exceeded by recovery of currently unsuitable habitat within reserves. However, climate change offers a very real threat, and thus many gains may not be realized as the climate in the NWFP area becomes warmer, drier, and less favorable for developing forest conditions necessary for nesting murrelets. In addition, because losses of nesting habitat continue on private lands, incentives are needed to curb losses to better meet conservation objectives."--Page iii.
    Keywords Marbled murrelet/Monitoring ; Wildlife management ; Forest management ; Habitat selection. ; Birds ; Biogeography ; Nest building.
    Language English
    Size iv, 64 pages :, color illustrations, color maps ;, 28 cm
    Publisher U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
    Publishing place Portland, Oregon
    Document type Book
    Note "September 2021."
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Critical Research Needs for Forage Fish within Inner Shelf Marine Ecosystems

    Rivers, James W. / Bailey Guerrero, Jennifer / Brodeur, Richard D. / Krutzikowsky, Gregory K. / Adrean, Lindsay J. / Heppell, Scott A. / Jacobson, Kym C. / Milligan, Kristen / Nelson, S. Kim / Roby, Daniel D. / Sydeman, William J. / Torres, Leigh G. / Barth, John A.

    Fisheries. 2022 May, v. 47, no. 5

    2022  

    Abstract: Forage fish are a critical component of marine ecosystems because they integrate energy across trophic levels within marine food webs. Many studies have highlighted the importance of this group, and past research efforts have focused largely on studying ... ...

    Abstract Forage fish are a critical component of marine ecosystems because they integrate energy across trophic levels within marine food webs. Many studies have highlighted the importance of this group, and past research efforts have focused largely on studying forage fish within offshore and estuarine areas. In contrast, limited information is available for forage fish on the inner continental shelf (<50 m water depth), where they encounter a range of anthropogenic stressors and support critical apex predator populations, including species of conservation concern. We highlight the importance of forage fish within inner shelf marine ecosystems using examples from the Northern California Current and describe outstanding research needs for forage fish within this topical area. Addressing these research needs is a critical step for maintaining productive forage fish populations within inner shelf ecosystems considering the social‐, management‐, and climate‐driven changes that are expected to impact coastal regions in the coming decades.
    Keywords anthropogenic stressors ; continental shelf ; energy ; estuaries ; forage fish ; Pacific Ocean
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-05
    Size p. 213-221.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 430448-2
    ISSN 0363-2415
    ISSN 0363-2415
    DOI 10.1002/fsh.10725
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Squeezed by a habitat split: Warm ocean conditions and old‐forest loss interact to reduce long‐term occupancy of a threatened seabird

    Betts, Matthew G / Northrup, Joseph M / Guerrero, Jennifer A. Bailey / Adrean, Lindsay J / Nelson, S. Kim / Fisher, Jennifer L / Gerber, Brian D / Garcia‐Heras, Marie‐Sophie / Yang, Zhiqiang / Roby, Daniel D / Rivers, James W

    Conservation letters. 2020 Sept., v. 13, no. 5

    2020  

    Abstract: Theory predicts that species requiring multiple habitat types simultaneously should have heightened sensitivity to anthropogenic pressures, yet tests of this prediction are especially rare. We tested whether breeding site occupancy of the threatened ... ...

    Abstract Theory predicts that species requiring multiple habitat types simultaneously should have heightened sensitivity to anthropogenic pressures, yet tests of this prediction are especially rare. We tested whether breeding site occupancy of the threatened marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) was driven by the synergistic effects of nesting habitat loss in forests, and changing ocean conditions. We paired 70,700 murrelet surveys at 19,837 sites across 20 years from the Oregon Coast Range with annual data on the extent of old forest and biophysical ocean conditions. Dynamic occupancy models indicated that local murrelet colonization rates were strongly reduced during warm ocean conditions with low prey availability. Landscapes that contained more old forest and were closer to the ocean showed reduced rates of local extinction. Given predictions of accelerated ocean warming and increased global timber demand, our results suggest murrelets may continue to be imperiled by deterioration of the two habitats upon which they depend.
    Keywords Brachyramphus marmoratus ; breeding sites ; coasts ; extinction ; forests ; habitat destruction ; habitats ; landscapes ; models ; nesting ; ocean warming ; prediction ; seabirds ; surveys ; threatened species ; Oregon
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-09
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note LETTER
    ISSN 1755-263X
    DOI 10.1111/conl.12745
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Correction: DellaSala, D.A., <i>et al</i>. Building on Two Decades of Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity Conservation under the Northwest Forest Plan, USA. <i>Forests</i>, 2015, <i>6</i>, 3326

    DellaSala, Dominick A / Baker, Rowan / Frissell, Chris A / Heiken, Doug / Karr, James R / Nelson, S. Kim / Noon, Barry R / Olson, David / Strittholt, James

    Forests. 2016 Feb. 26, v. 7, no. 3

    2016  

    Abstract: We discovered two typos and a change in a sentence needed in our published manuscript.[ ... ] ...

    Abstract We discovered two typos and a change in a sentence needed in our published manuscript.[...]
    Keywords biodiversity conservation ; ecosystem management ; forests ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-0226
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2527081-3
    ISSN 1999-4907
    ISSN 1999-4907
    DOI 10.3390/f7030053
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Building on Two Decades of Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity Conservation under the Northwest Forest Plan, USA

    DellaSala, Dominick A / Baker, Rowan / Frissell, Chris A / Heiken, Doug / Karr, James R / Nelson, S. Kim / Noon, Barry R / Olson, David / Strittholt, James

    Forests. 2015 Sept. 22, v. 6, no. 9

    2015  

    Abstract: The 1994 Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) shifted federal lands management from a focus on timber production to ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. The plan established a network of conservation reserves and an ecosystem management strategy ... ...

    Abstract The 1994 Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) shifted federal lands management from a focus on timber production to ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. The plan established a network of conservation reserves and an ecosystem management strategy on ~10 million hectares from northern California to Washington State, USA, within the range of the federally threatened northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Several subsequent assessments—and 20 years of data from monitoring programs established under the plan—have demonstrated the effectiveness of this reserve network and ecosystem management approach in making progress toward attaining many of the plan’s conservation and ecosystem management goals. This paper (1) showcases the fundamental conservation biology and ecosystem management principles underpinning the NWFP as a case study for managers interested in large-landscape conservation; and (2) recommends improvements to the plan’s strategy in response to unprecedented climate change and land-use threats. Twenty years into plan implementation, however, the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management, under pressure for increased timber harvest, are retreating from conservation measures. We believe that federal agencies should instead build on the NWFP to ensure continuing success in the Pacific Northwest. We urge federal land managers to (1) protect all remaining late-successional/old-growth forests; (2) identify climate refugia for at-risk species; (3) maintain or increase stream buffers and landscape connectivity; (4) decommission and repair failing roads to improve water quality; (5) reduce fire risk in fire-prone tree plantations; and (6) prevent logging after fires in areas of high conservation value. In many respects, the NWFP is instructive for managers considering similar large-scale conservation efforts.
    Keywords biodiversity conservation ; case studies ; climate ; climate change ; conservation areas ; ecosystem management ; forest fires ; forests ; habitat connectivity ; land use ; logging ; managers ; monitoring ; plantations ; public lands ; refuge habitats ; riparian buffers ; risk ; roads ; Strix occidentalis ; timber production ; USDA Forest Service ; water quality ; California ; Washington (state)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0922
    Size p. 3326-3352.
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 2527081-3
    ISSN 1999-4907
    ISSN 1999-4907
    DOI 10.3390/f6093326
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Nesting ecology of Marbled Murrelets at a remote mainland fjord in southeast Alaska

    Barbaree, Blake A / Nelson S. Kim / Dugger Bruce D / Roby Daniel D / Carter Harry R / Whitworth Darrell L / Newman Scott H

    Condor. 2014 May, v. 116, no. 2

    2014  

    Abstract: Studying the ecology of endangered species in portions of their range where the population remains abundant can provide fundamental information for conservation planners. We studied nesting by radio-tagged Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) ... ...

    Abstract Studying the ecology of endangered species in portions of their range where the population remains abundant can provide fundamental information for conservation planners. We studied nesting by radio-tagged Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) during 2007 and 2008 in Port Snettisham, a relatively pristine, remote mainland fjord in southeast Alaska with high at-sea densities of Marbled Murrelets during the breeding season. Of 33 active Marbled Murrelet nest sites located during the study, we found 15 within forested habitat (tree nest sites), 16 in nonforested habitat (ground nest sites), and 2 that could not be determined. Some nests were located farther inland from the coast (range: 1–52 km) and at higher elevations (range: 42–1,100 m) than previously documented in Alaska. Nesting success to ≥20 days posthatch (0.20 ± 0.07 [SE]) was less than half of similar estimates in British Columbia and more comparable to estimates from California and Washington. A logistic regression found that nesting success did not differ between years, but nesting success was higher for tree nests than for ground nests. Conservation planners should consider that Marbled Murrelets will use certain nonforest habitat types for nesting in mainland southeast Alaska. Our reported nesting success was likely a maximum, and our results indicate that nesting success can be low even when nesting habitat is seemingly abundant and marine habitat appears excellent.
    Keywords breeding season ; coasts ; endangered species ; forest habitats ; nesting ; nesting sites ; nests ; radio frequency identification ; regression analysis ; trees ; Alaska ; alcid ; Brachyramphus marmoratus ; breeding ; Marbled Murrelet ; telemetry ; British Columbia ; California ; Washington (state)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-05
    Size p. 173-184.
    Publishing place The Cooper Ornithological Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1938-5422
    DOI 10.1650%2FCONDOR-13-116.1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Genetic analyses of historic and modern marbled murrelets suggest decoupling of migration and gene flow after habitat fragmentation.

    Peery, M Zachariah / Hall, Laurie A / Sellas, Anna / Beissinger, Steven R / Moritz, Craig / Bérubé, Martine / Raphael, Martin G / Nelson, S Kim / Golightly, Richard T / McFarlane-Tranquilla, Laura / Newman, Scott / Palsbøll, Per J

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2009  Volume 277, Issue 1682, Page(s) 697–706

    Abstract: The dispersal of individuals among fragmented populations is generally thought to prevent genetic and demographic isolation, and ultimately reduce extinction risk. In this study, we show that a century of reduction in coastal old-growth forests, as well ... ...

    Abstract The dispersal of individuals among fragmented populations is generally thought to prevent genetic and demographic isolation, and ultimately reduce extinction risk. In this study, we show that a century of reduction in coastal old-growth forests, as well as a number of other environmental factors, has probably resulted in the genetic divergence of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in central California, despite the fact that 7 per cent of modern-sampled murrelets in this population were classified as migrants using genetic assignment tests. Genetic differentiation appears to persist because individuals dispersing from northern populations contributed relatively few young to the central California population, as indicated by the fact that migrants were much less likely to be members of parent-offspring pairs than residents (10.5% versus 45.4%). Moreover, a recent 1.4 per cent annual increase in the proportion of migrants in central California, without appreciable reproduction, may have masked an underlying decline in the resident population without resulting in demographic rescue. Our results emphasize the need to understand the behaviour of migrants and the extent to which they contribute offspring in order to determine whether dispersal results in gene flow and prevents declines in resident populations.
    MeSH term(s) Animal Migration ; Animals ; Charadriiformes/genetics ; Charadriiformes/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Population Density ; Trees
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-11-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2009.1666
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Characterizing dispersal patterns in a threatened seabird with limited genetic structure.

    Hall, Laurie A / Palsbøll, Per J / Beissinger, Steven R / Harvey, James T / Bérubé, Martine / Raphael, Martin G / Nelson, S Kim / Golightly, Richard T / McFarlane-Tranquilla, Laura / Newman, Scott H / Peery, M Zachariah

    Molecular ecology

    2009  Volume 18, Issue 24, Page(s) 5074–5085

    Abstract: Genetic assignment methods provide an appealing approach for characterizing dispersal patterns on ecological time scales, but require sufficient genetic differentiation to accurately identify migrants and a large enough sample size of migrants to, for ... ...

    Abstract Genetic assignment methods provide an appealing approach for characterizing dispersal patterns on ecological time scales, but require sufficient genetic differentiation to accurately identify migrants and a large enough sample size of migrants to, for example, compare dispersal between sexes or age classes. We demonstrate that assignment methods can be rigorously used to characterize dispersal patterns in a marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) population from central California that numbers approximately 600 individuals and is only moderately differentiated (F(ST) approximately 0.03) from larger populations to the north. We used coalescent simulations to select a significance level that resulted in a low and approximately equal expected number of type I and II errors and then used this significance level to identify a population of origin for 589 individuals genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. The proportion of migrants in central California was greatest during winter when 83% of individuals were classified as migrants compared to lower proportions during the breeding (6%) and post-breeding (8%) seasons. Dispersal was also biased toward young and female individuals, as is typical in birds. Migrants were rarely members of parent-offspring pairs, suggesting that they contributed few young to the central California population. A greater number of migrants than expected under equilibrium conditions, a lack of individuals with mixed ancestry, and a small number of potential source populations (two), likely allowed us to use assignment methods to rigorously characterize dispersal patterns for a population that was larger and less differentiated than typically thought required for the identification of migrants.
    MeSH term(s) Animal Migration ; Animals ; Charadriiformes/genetics ; Computer Simulation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Models, Genetic ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1126687-9
    ISSN 1365-294X ; 0962-1083
    ISSN (online) 1365-294X
    ISSN 0962-1083
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04416.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Nesting ecology of Marbled Murrelets at a remote mainland fjord in southeast Alaska

    Barbaree, Blake A. / Nelson S. Kim / Dugger Bruce D. / Roby Daniel D. / Carter Harry R. / Whitworth Darrell L. / Newman Scott H.

    Condor

    Volume v. 116,, Issue no. 2

    Abstract: Studying the ecology of endangered species in portions of their range where the population remains abundant can provide fundamental information for conservation planners. We studied nesting by radio-tagged Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) ... ...

    Abstract Studying the ecology of endangered species in portions of their range where the population remains abundant can provide fundamental information for conservation planners. We studied nesting by radio-tagged Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) during 2007 and 2008 in Port Snettisham, a relatively pristine, remote mainland fjord in southeast Alaska with high at-sea densities of Marbled Murrelets during the breeding season. Of 33 active Marbled Murrelet nest sites located during the study, we found 15 within forested habitat (tree nest sites), 16 in nonforested habitat (ground nest sites), and 2 that could not be determined. Some nests were located farther inland from the coast (range: 1–52 km) and at higher elevations (range: 42–1,100 m) than previously documented in Alaska. Nesting success to ≥20 days posthatch (0.20 ± 0.07 [SE]) was less than half of similar estimates in British Columbia and more comparable to estimates from California and Washington. A logistic regression found that nesting success did not differ between years, but nesting success was higher for tree nests than for ground nests. Conservation planners should consider that Marbled Murrelets will use certain nonforest habitat types for nesting in mainland southeast Alaska. Our reported nesting success was likely a maximum, and our results indicate that nesting success can be low even when nesting habitat is seemingly abundant and marine habitat appears excellent.
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1938-5422
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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