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  1. Article ; Online: "That's all Fake"

    Eliut Rivera-Segarra / Nelson Varas-Díaz / Axel Santos-Figueroa

    PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 12, p e

    Health professionals stigma and physical healthcare of people living with Serious Mental Illness.

    2019  Volume 0226401

    Abstract: Background People living with a Serious Mental Illness (SMI) die earlier than the general population due to preventable medical conditions. Latinos living with SMI are a particularly vulnerable population with higher prevalence of chronic medical ... ...

    Abstract Background People living with a Serious Mental Illness (SMI) die earlier than the general population due to preventable medical conditions. Latinos living with SMI are a particularly vulnerable population with higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions. Stigma has been identified as a factor that fosters health inequities for Latinos/as with SMI, particularly Puerto Ricans. Although personal and social consequences of stigmatization have been well documented, research regarding the role of cultural factors on healthcare interactions is scarce. Furthermore, little research has focused on addressing stigma from the perspective of healthcare professionals. Methods We investigated this process through a qualitative design using semi-structured individual interviews with 11 healthcare professionals (8 physicians and 3 nurses) in Puerto Rico. We conducted a thematic analysis to analyze the data. Results Following a thematic analysis, we found three main themes and nine sub-themes related to the stigmatization process. Some participants reported perceptions of dangerousness and uneasiness, social distance and inadequate care. Participants also emphasized a lack of medical training regarding SMI within the Puerto Rican context. Conclusions These findings support the need to develop culturally appropriate public health interventions targeting healthcare professionals in order to address stigma and eliminate health disparities among Latinos/as with SMI.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Miami in Transformation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

    Kaila Witkowski / John Vertovec / Natália Marques da Silva / Raymond K. Awadzi / Farah Yamini / Nelson Varas-Díaz / Mark Padilla / Sheilla L. Rodríguez-Madera / Armando Matiz Reyes / Matthew Marr

    eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics, Vol 20, Iss

    A Participatory Visual Culture Analysis

    2021  Volume 1

    Abstract: While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt around the world, Miami, Florida is one example of the specific and unique ways in which this pandemic is experienced. Drawing on the concepts of visual culture analysis and disaster literature, ... ...

    Abstract While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt around the world, Miami, Florida is one example of the specific and unique ways in which this pandemic is experienced. Drawing on the concepts of visual culture analysis and disaster literature, this article analyses how the COVID-19 pandemic transformed the everyday lives of people living in this subtropical American city. Specifically, this study draws on data collected from a digital participatory photography project implemented in July 2020, as the novel coronavirus began to rapidly spread. Through an inductive thematic analysis of participants’ photographs and captions, we discovered that the COVID-19 pandemic transformed not only basic daily needs but also lead to recognition of privilege and an awareness of the needs and vulnerabilities of others. While many of the complexities illustrated in this study are left unresolved, the photos and captions are useful examples of how visual depictions can be used to inform and realign the ways in which people interpret and respond to global public health crises.
    Keywords COVID-19 pandemic ; Miami ; Visual Culture ; participatory photography methods ; epidemics ; coronavirus and economic insecurity ; Social Sciences ; H
    Subject code 390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher James Cook University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Miami in Transformation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

    Kaila Witkowski / John Vertovec / Natália Marques da Silva / Raymond K. Awadzi / Farah Yamini / Nelson Varas-Díaz / Mark Padilla / Sheilla Rodriguez Madera / Armando Matiz Reyes / Matthew Marr

    eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 157-

    A Participatory Visual Culture Analysis

    2021  Volume 181

    Abstract: While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt around the world, Miami, Florida is one example of the specific and unique ways in which this pandemic is experienced. Drawing on the concepts of visual culture analysis and disaster literature, ... ...

    Abstract While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt around the world, Miami, Florida is one example of the specific and unique ways in which this pandemic is experienced. Drawing on the concepts of visual culture analysis and disaster literature, this article analyses how the COVID-19 pandemic transformed the everyday lives of people living in this subtropical American city. Specifically, this study draws on data collected from a digital participatory photography project implemented in July 2020, as the novel coronavirus began to rapidly spread. Through an inductive thematic analysis of participants’ photographs and captions, we discovered that the COVID-19 pandemic transformed not only basic daily needs but also lead to recognition of privilege and an awareness of the needs and vulnerabilities of others. While many of the complexities illustrated in this study are left unresolved, the photos and captions are useful examples of how visual depictions can be used to inform and realign the ways in which people interpret and respond to global public health crises.
    Keywords covid-19 pandemic ; miami ; visual culture ; participatory photography methods ; epidemics ; coronavirus and economic insecurity ; Social Sciences ; H
    Subject code 390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher James Cook University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: The impact of Hurricane Maria on Puerto Rico’s health system

    Sheilla L. Rodríguez-Madera / Nelson Varas-Díaz / Mark Padilla / Kevin Grove / Kariela Rivera-Bustelo / Jeffrey Ramos / Violeta Contreras-Ramirez / Sergio Rivera-Rodríguez / Ricardo Vargas-Molina / Jose Santini

    Global Health Research and Policy, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    post-disaster perceptions and experiences of health care providers and administrators

    2021  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Background After its landfall in Puerto Rico in 2017, Hurricane Maria caused the longest blackout in United States history, producing cascading effects on a health care system that had already been weakened by decades of public sector austerity ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background After its landfall in Puerto Rico in 2017, Hurricane Maria caused the longest blackout in United States history, producing cascading effects on a health care system that had already been weakened by decades of public sector austerity and neoliberal health reforms. This article addresses how health care professionals and administrators experienced the health care system’s collapse and the strategies used by them to meet their communities' health needs. Methods Data were collected between September 2018 and February 2020. Ethnographic observations in health care facilities and semi-structured qualitative interviews with representatives of the health care system were conducted. This paper focuses on data from interviews with health care providers (n = 10) and administrators (n = 10), and an ethnographic visit to a pop-up community clinic. The analysis consisted of systematic thematic coding of the interview transcripts and ethnographic field notes. Results Results provide insight on how participants, who witnessed first-hand the collapse of Puerto Rico’s health care system, responded to the crisis after Maria. The prolonged power outage and lack of a disaster management plan were partly responsible for the death of 3,052 individuals who experienced extended interruptions in access to medical care. Participants reported a sense of abandonment by the government and feelings of mistrust. They also described the health sector as chaotic and lacking clear guidelines on how to provide services or cope with personal crises while working under extreme conditions. In such circumstances, they developed resilient responses to meet communities’ health needs (e.g., itinerant acupuncture services, re-locating physicians to local pharmacies). Conclusions Participants’ narratives emphasize that the management of Hurricane Maria was fraught with political and economic constraints affecting Puerto Rico. Ineffective planning and post-Maria responses of the local and federal governments were determinants of the ...
    Keywords Health care system ; Post-disaster ; Health care providers ; Resilience ; Puerto Rico ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Family interaction and social stigmatization of people living with HIV and AIDS in Puerto Rico

    Marinilda Rivera-Díaz / Nelson Varas-Díaz / Mark Padilla / María de los Angeles Vargas-Cancel / Neisha Serrano

    Global Social Work, Vol 7, Iss

    2017  Volume 13

    Abstract: This article aims to describe the manifestation of HIV stigma in the family context and how this could impact the life of people living with HIV (PLWH). The data derive from a larger phenomenological study addressing manifestations of stigma in the lives ...

    Abstract This article aims to describe the manifestation of HIV stigma in the family context and how this could impact the life of people living with HIV (PLWH). The data derive from a larger phenomenological study addressing manifestations of stigma in the lives of PLWH when interacting with the health sector. Nine focus groups were carried out in 2011 with PLWH (N=67). Eight themes emerged from the qualitative analysis. For the purpose of this article, we focus on the categories related to family dynamics: the negotiation of disclosure and non-disclosure, fear of the HIV virus and family dynamics, and life as a couple. Socio demographic information showed that 53% were between 44 to 54 years old, 80% were single, 51% were male, 42% did not complete a high school diploma, 82% were unemployed. Also, 82% described themselves as religious persons and 41% had lived with HIV for 10 years or less. Qualitative results show stigma is still present in the family context. PLWH experience fear of disclosure, discrimination, avoid initiating families or couple relationships, experience physical and verbal abuse from relatives, and even separation from other family members. After more than 30 years of the ongoing HIV epidemic, stigma is still manifested by family members with detrimental social and medical implications for PLWH. Research and educational efforts should continue addressing manifestations of stigma among family members of PLWH.
    Keywords Stigma ; HIV ; Familism ; Puerto Rico ; Social Sciences ; H ; Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ; HV1-9960
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Universidad de Granada
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: They belong to the street

    Marinilda Rivera-Diaz / Nelson Varas-Diaz / Doralis Coriano Ortiz / Mark Padilla / Marcos Reyes Estrada / Neisha Serrano

    Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 83-

    we belong to the house: patriarcal discourse and experiences of women living with HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico

    2015  Volume 92

    Abstract: This study aims to understand how patriarchal discourse could influence the processes of stigmatization of Puerto Rican women living with HIV/AIDS (WHA) and how this could negatively affect adherence to treatment in this population. This study is a ... ...

    Abstract This study aims to understand how patriarchal discourse could influence the processes of stigmatization of Puerto Rican women living with HIV/AIDS (WHA) and how this could negatively affect adherence to treatment in this population. This study is a secondary analysis of data from a larger project addressing behavioral manifestations of HIV/AIDS stigma. Three focus groups of WHA (n = 32) were analyzed. Verbalizations were related to: a) blame towards WHA for not using protection during intercourse, b) HIV/AIDS as a punishment for WHA as a result of other «promiscuous» women that came in contact with their partners, and c) stigma associated to infection via unclean needle sharing for intravenous drugs use due to WHA «not being in their house». Stigma towards WHA was related to the mean of infection, being more relevant those linked to patriarchal discourses that prevail in Puerto Rican society. The verbalizations point to an HIV stigmatizing discourse towards the feminine body enmeshed in patriarchal notions of how women should behave. Social stigmatization of HIV/AIDS should be reassessed from a gender perspective in research as well as interventions with WHA.
    Keywords mujeres ; discurso patriarcal ; VIH/SIDA ; Puerto Rico ; Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ; HN1-995 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 360
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2015-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: The Difficulties of Feeling

    Melissa Marzán-Rodríguez / Nelson Varas-Díaz

    Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol 7, Iss

    The Role of Emotions in the Stigmatization of HIV/AIDS

    2006  Volume 4

    Abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been a source of stigma for people who live with the disease. This stigmatization has been frequently studied from the perspective of stigmatizing agents ... ...

    Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been a source of stigma for people who live with the disease. This stigmatization has been frequently studied from the perspective of stigmatizing agents focusing on opinions. This focus has systematically avoided exploring the role of emotions in the stigmatization process. We carried out this study in order to identify the role of emotions in the process of stigmatization of the people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) by health professionals. In order to achieve this objective we implemented an exploratory and qualitative design using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of 80 health professionals and health profession students from the following specialties: psychology, social work, medicine and nursing. The results reflected the existence of emotions associated to HIV/AIDS such as pity, compassion, disgust, and fear. Participants expressed the need to control their emotions when interacting with PLWHA. The results point to the need to explore factors that mediate emotions, such as the social context in which they are manifested and before whom they are revealed. This is a vital step in order to better understand the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs060428
    Keywords stigma ; HIV/AIDS ; emotions ; health professionals ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 360
    Language German
    Publishing date 2006-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher FQS
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Incarnating Stigma

    Nelson Varas-Díaz / José Toro-Alfonso

    Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol 4, Iss

    Visual Images of the Body with HIV/AIDS

    2003  Volume 3

    Abstract: HIV/AIDS has been documented as a stigmatizing condition due to its association with sickness, contagion, and bodily death. Still, further attention needs to be given to the role that the body plays in this process of stigmatization. Taking into ... ...

    Abstract HIV/AIDS has been documented as a stigmatizing condition due to its association with sickness, contagion, and bodily death. Still, further attention needs to be given to the role that the body plays in this process of stigmatization. Taking into consideration the visual dimension of the body, we examine the manner in which visual images of the body living with HIV/AIDS contribute to stigmatize those embodied in them. Through an analysis of bodily images presented in HIV/AIDS related articles published by Puerto Rico's major newspaper, we explain the manner in which they portray a stigmatized body. We examine how these images contrast with the current state of the epidemic in Puerto Rico and consequences that the messages presented by these bodily images may have on the stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS. The present study is a preliminary effort stemming from a larger research project that aims to qualitatively examine the stigmatization of HIV/AIDS through multiple media outlets including television, radio, printed press, and the Internet. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs030375
    Keywords body ; HIV/AIDS ; stigma ; visual images ; media ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 700
    Language German
    Publishing date 2003-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher FQS
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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