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  1. Book ; Online: Visas and work permits

    Ng, Chi-Yung / Whalley, John

    possible global negotiating initiatives

    (CESifo working paper : Trade policy ; 1614)

    2005  

    Abstract: We discuss global options for initiatives intended to ameliorate adverse impacts of visa and work permit systems used by national governments around the world. We first describe and document some of their effects, noting the relative lack of other ... ...

    Author's details Chi-Yung Ng; John Whalley
    Series title CESifo working paper : Trade policy ; 1614
    Abstract We discuss global options for initiatives intended to ameliorate adverse impacts of visa and work permit systems used by national governments around the world. We first describe and document some of their effects, noting the relative lack of other research work on these issues. We then discuss proposals for a new and supplemental global visa structure which have been made as part of the Mode 4 GATS negotiations in the WTO, suggesting that the GATS/WTO may be an imperfect institutional location for negotiating on these matters. We then evaluate other approaches, including what realistically could be possible if a new body specifically created for global negotiation in the area were to be used.
    Keywords Arbeitserlaubnis ; Mode 4 ; Einwanderungsrecht ; Arbeitsmigranten ; GATS ; Verhandlungen ; Organisation ; Welt
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource, 33 S. = 254 KB, Text
    Publisher CESifo
    Publishing place München
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note IMD-Felder maschinell generiert
    Database ECONomics Information System

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    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  2. Book: Visas and work permits

    Ng, Chi-Yung / Whalley, John

    possible global negotiating initiatives

    (CESifo working paper series : Trade policy ; 1614)

    2005  

    Abstract: We discuss global options for initiatives intended to ameliorate adverse impacts of visa and work permit systems used by national governments around the world. We first describe and document some of their effects, noting the relative lack of other ... ...

    Author's details Chi-Yung (Eric) Ng; John Whalley
    Series title CESifo working paper series : Trade policy ; 1614
    Abstract We discuss global options for initiatives intended to ameliorate adverse impacts of visa and work permit systems used by national governments around the world. We first describe and document some of their effects, noting the relative lack of other research work on these issues. We then discuss proposals for a new and supplemental global visa structure which have been made as part of the Mode 4 GATS negotiations in the WTO, suggesting that the GATS/WTO may be an imperfect institutional location for negotiating on these matters. We then evaluate other approaches, including what realistically could be possible if a new body specifically created for global negotiation in the area were to be used.
    Language English
    Size 33 S., Tab.
    Publisher Univ., Center for Economic Studies u.a.
    Publishing place Munich
    Document type Book
    Note Literaturverz. S. 28 - 31
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  3. Book: Visas and work permits

    Ng, Chi-Yung / Whalley, John

    possible global negotiating initiatives

    (CESifo working paper series : Trade policy ; 1614)

    2005  

    Abstract: We discuss global options for initiatives intended to ameliorate adverse impacts of visa and work permit systems used by national governments around the world. We first describe and document some of their effects, noting the relative lack of other ... ...

    Author's details Chi-Yung (Eric) Ng; John Whalley
    Series title CESifo working paper series : Trade policy ; 1614
    Abstract We discuss global options for initiatives intended to ameliorate adverse impacts of visa and work permit systems used by national governments around the world. We first describe and document some of their effects, noting the relative lack of other research work on these issues. We then discuss proposals for a new and supplemental global visa structure which have been made as part of the Mode 4 GATS negotiations in the WTO, suggesting that the GATS/WTO may be an imperfect institutional location for negotiating on these matters. We then evaluate other approaches, including what realistically could be possible if a new body specifically created for global negotiation in the area were to be used.
    Language English
    Size 33 S., Tab.
    Publisher Univ., Center for Economic Studies u.a.
    Publishing place Munich
    Document type Book
    Note Literaturverz. S. 28 - 31
    Database ECONomics Information System

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  4. Book: Geographical extension of free trade zones as trade liberalization

    Ng, Chi-Yung / Whalley, John

    a numerical simulation approach

    (CESifo working paper series : Trade policy ; 1147)

    2004  

    Abstract: We consider progressive geographical expansion of free trade zones within countries as a form of trade liberalization and compare observationally equivalent liberalization involving changes in the coverage of a free trade zone for a fixed tariff rate, ... ...

    Author's details Chi-Yung Ng; John Whalley
    Series title CESifo working paper series : Trade policy ; 1147
    Abstract We consider progressive geographical expansion of free trade zones within countries as a form of trade liberalization and compare observationally equivalent liberalization involving changes in the coverage of a free trade zone for a fixed tariff rate, and tariff reductions applying to all trade if there are no free trade zones in the country (in the sense of generating similar changes in trade volumes). Our work is motivated by China’s approach to service trade liberalization in banking and other areas of progressive additions of cities to automatic licence treatment for foreign entities. We use numerical simulation methods to compare conventional national tariff reductions to trade liberalization achieved through the geographical expansion of free trade zones in terms of welfare impacts. Either the size of the free trade zone with a fixed tariff, or the tariff rate given the size of the free trade zone can be endogenously determined so as to yield observational equivalence in the sense of trade volume impacts across trade policy changes. Numerical results overwhelmingly indicate larger welfare costs from imposing geographically restrictive schemes since a higher tariff applies to a smaller fraction of trade, and distortions within country trade also apply. Numerical policy analyses using a conventional tariff-equivalent ad valorem modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of liberalizing geographical barriers can thus be highly misleading. We explore both pure exchange and with production cases, and relate our discussion to earlier literature on free trade zones.
    Keywords Freihandelszone ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Zollpolitik ; Handelseffekt ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Theorie
    Language English
    Size 25 S, graph. Darst
    Publisher Univ., Center for Economic Studies u.a.
    Publishing place Munich
    Document type Book
    Note Literaturverz. S. 25
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  5. Book: Geographical extension of free trade zones as trade liberalization

    Ng, Chi-Yung / Whalley, John

    a numerical simulation approach

    (CESifo working paper series : Trade policy ; 1147)

    2004  

    Abstract: We consider progressive geographical expansion of free trade zones within countries as a form of trade liberalization and compare observationally equivalent liberalization involving changes in the coverage of a free trade zone for a fixed tariff rate, ... ...

    Author's details Chi-Yung Ng; John Whalley
    Series title CESifo working paper series : Trade policy ; 1147
    Abstract We consider progressive geographical expansion of free trade zones within countries as a form of trade liberalization and compare observationally equivalent liberalization involving changes in the coverage of a free trade zone for a fixed tariff rate, and tariff reductions applying to all trade if there are no free trade zones in the country (in the sense of generating similar changes in trade volumes). Our work is motivated by China’s approach to service trade liberalization in banking and other areas of progressive additions of cities to automatic licence treatment for foreign entities. We use numerical simulation methods to compare conventional national tariff reductions to trade liberalization achieved through the geographical expansion of free trade zones in terms of welfare impacts. Either the size of the free trade zone with a fixed tariff, or the tariff rate given the size of the free trade zone can be endogenously determined so as to yield observational equivalence in the sense of trade volume impacts across trade policy changes. Numerical results overwhelmingly indicate larger welfare costs from imposing geographically restrictive schemes since a higher tariff applies to a smaller fraction of trade, and distortions within country trade also apply. Numerical policy analyses using a conventional tariff-equivalent ad valorem modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of liberalizing geographical barriers can thus be highly misleading. We explore both pure exchange and with production cases, and relate our discussion to earlier literature on free trade zones.
    Keywords Freihandelszone ; Handelsliberalisierung ; Zollpolitik ; Handelseffekt ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Theorie
    Language English
    Size 25 S, graph. Darst
    Publisher Univ., Center for Economic Studies u.a.
    Publishing place Munich
    Document type Book
    Note Literaturverz. S. 25
    Database ECONomics Information System

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  6. Book ; Online: Geographical Extension of Free Trade Zones as Trade Liberalization

    Ng, Chi-Yung / Whalley, John

    A Numerical Simulation Approach

    (CESifo Working Paper ; 1147)

    2004  

    Abstract: We consider progressive geographical expansion of free trade zones within countries as a form of trade liberalization and compare observationally equivalent liberalization involving changes in the coverage of a free trade zone for a fixed tariff rate, ... ...

    Author's details Chi-Yung Ng; John Whalley
    Series title CESifo Working Paper ; 1147
    Abstract We consider progressive geographical expansion of free trade zones within countries as a form of trade liberalization and compare observationally equivalent liberalization involving changes in the coverage of a free trade zone for a fixed tariff rate, and tariff reductions applying to all trade if there are no free trade zones in the country (in the sense of generating similar changes in trade volumes). Our work is motivated by China s approach to service trade liberalization in banking and other areas of progressive additions of cities to automatic licence treatment for foreign entities. We use numerical simulation methods to compare conventional national tariff reductions to trade liberalization achieved through the geographical expansion of free trade zones in terms of welfare impacts. Either the size of the free trade zone with a fixed tariff, or the tariff rate given the size of the free trade zone can be endogenously determined so as to yield observational equivalence in the sense of trade volume impacts across trade policy changes. Numerical results overwhelmingly indicate larger welfare costs from imposing geographically restrictive schemes since a higher tariff applies to a smaller fraction of trade, and distortions within country trade also apply. Numerical policy analyses using a conventional tariff-equivalent ad valorem modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of liberalizing geographical barriers can thus be highly misleading. We explore both pure exchange and with production cases, and relate our discussion to earlier literature on free trade zones.
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource
    Publisher Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute (CESifo)
    Publishing place Munich
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  7. Book ; Article ; Online: Geographical Extension of Free Trade Zones as Trade Liberalization

    Ng, Chi-Yung / Whalley, John

    A Numerical Simulation Approach

    2004  

    Abstract: We consider progressive geographical expansion of free trade zones within countries as a form of trade liberalization and compare observationally equivalent liberalization involving changes in the coverage of a free trade zone for a fixed tariff rate, ... ...

    Abstract We consider progressive geographical expansion of free trade zones within countries as a form of trade liberalization and compare observationally equivalent liberalization involving changes in the coverage of a free trade zone for a fixed tariff rate, and tariff reductions applying to all trade if there are no free trade zones in the country (in the sense of generating similar changes in trade volumes). Our work is motivated by China's approach to service trade liberalization in banking and other areas of progressive additions of cities to automatic licence treatment for foreign entities. We use numerical simulation methods to compare conventional national tariff reductions to trade liberalization achieved through the geographical expansion of free trade zones in terms of welfare impacts. Either the size of the free trade zone with a fixed tariff, or the tariff rate given the size of the free trade zone can be endogenously determined so as to yield observational equivalence in the sense of trade volume impacts across trade policy changes. Numerical results overwhelmingly indicate larger welfare costs from imposing geographically restrictive schemes since a higher tariff applies to a smaller fraction of trade, and distortions within country trade also apply. Numerical policy analyses using a conventional tariff-equivalent ad valorem modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of liberalizing geographical barriers can thus be highly misleading. We explore both pure exchange and with production cases, and relate our discussion to earlier literature on free trade zones.
    Keywords ddc:330
    Subject code 381 ; 337
    Language English
    Publisher Munich: Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  8. Article ; Online: Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1.

    Krawczynski, Henric / Muleri, Fabio / Dovčiak, Michal / Veledina, Alexandra / Rodriguez Cavero, Nicole / Svoboda, Jiri / Ingram, Adam / Matt, Giorgio / Garcia, Javier A / Loktev, Vladislav / Negro, Michela / Poutanen, Juri / Kitaguchi, Takao / Podgorný, Jakub / Rankin, John / Zhang, Wenda / Berdyugin, Andrei / Berdyugina, Svetlana V / Bianchi, Stefano /
    Blinov, Dmitry / Capitanio, Fiamma / Di Lalla, Niccolò / Draghis, Paul / Fabiani, Sergio / Kagitani, Masato / Kravtsov, Vadim / Kiehlmann, Sebastian / Latronico, Luca / Lutovinov, Alexander A / Mandarakas, Nikos / Marin, Frédéric / Marinucci, Andrea / Miller, Jon M / Mizuno, Tsunefumi / Molkov, Sergey V / Omodei, Nicola / Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier / Ratheesh, Ajay / Sakanoi, Takeshi / Semena, Andrei N / Skalidis, Raphael / Soffitta, Paolo / Tennant, Allyn F / Thalhammer, Phillipp / Tombesi, Francesco / Weisskopf, Martin C / Wilms, Joern / Zhang, Sixuan / Agudo, Iván / Antonelli, Lucio A / Bachetti, Matteo / Baldini, Luca / Baumgartner, Wayne H / Bellazzini, Ronaldo / Bongiorno, Stephen D / Bonino, Raffaella / Brez, Alessandro / Bucciantini, Niccolò / Castellano, Simone / Cavazzuti, Elisabetta / Ciprini, Stefano / Costa, Enrico / De Rosa, Alessandra / Del Monte, Ettore / Di Gesu, Laura / Di Marco, Alessandro / Donnarumma, Immacolata / Doroshenko, Victor / Ehlert, Steven R / Enoto, Teruaki / Evangelista, Yuri / Ferrazzoli, Riccardo / Gunji, Shuichi / Hayashida, Kiyoshi / Heyl, Jeremy / Iwakiri, Wataru / Jorstad, Svetlana G / Karas, Vladimir / Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J / La Monaca, Fabio / Liodakis, Ioannis / Maldera, Simone / Manfreda, Alberto / Marscher, Alan P / Marshall, Herman L / Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki / Ng, Chi-Yung / O'Dell, Stephen L / Oppedisano, Chiara / Papitto, Alessandro / Pavlov, George G / Peirson, Abel L / Perri, Matteo / Pesce-Rollins, Melissa / Pilia, Maura / Possenti, Andrea / Puccetti, Simonetta / Ramsey, Brian D / Romani, Roger W / Sgrò, Carmelo / Slane, Patrick / Spandre, Gloria / Tamagawa, Toru / Tavecchio, Fabrizio / Taverna, Roberto / Tawara, Yuzuru / Thomas, Nicholas E / Trois, Alessio / Tsygankov, Sergey / Turolla, Roberto / Vink, Jacco / Wu, Kinwah / Xie, Fei / Zane, Silvia

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2022  Volume 378, Issue 6620, Page(s) 650–654

    Abstract: A black hole x-ray binary (XRB) system forms when gas is stripped from a normal star and accretes onto a black hole, which heats the gas sufficiently to emit x-rays. We report a polarimetric observation of the XRB Cygnus X-1 using the Imaging X-ray ... ...

    Abstract A black hole x-ray binary (XRB) system forms when gas is stripped from a normal star and accretes onto a black hole, which heats the gas sufficiently to emit x-rays. We report a polarimetric observation of the XRB Cygnus X-1 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The electric field position angle aligns with the outflowing jet, indicating that the jet is launched from the inner x-ray-emitting region. The polarization degree is 4.01 ± 0.20% at 2 to 8 kiloelectronvolts, implying that the accretion disk is viewed closer to edge-on than the binary orbit. These observations reveal that hot x-ray-emitting plasma is spatially extended in a plane perpendicular to, not parallel to, the jet axis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.add5399
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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