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  1. Article ; Online: Antiracism in leading public health universities, journals and funders

    Afifah Rahman-Shepherd / Mishal Khan / Ngozi A Erondu / Lara Hollmann / Thuy Duyen Chau / Renzo R Guinto / Muneera A Rasheed / Bakht Anwar / Ezekiel Boro / Jerome Alan Mejarito

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 8, Iss

    commitments, accountability and the decision-makers

    2023  Volume 3

    Abstract: Introduction Two years since the murder of George Floyd, there has been unprecedented attention to racial justice by global public health organisations. Still, there is scepticism that attention alone will lead to real change.Methods We identified the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Two years since the murder of George Floyd, there has been unprecedented attention to racial justice by global public health organisations. Still, there is scepticism that attention alone will lead to real change.Methods We identified the highest-ranked 15 public health universities, academic journals and funding agencies, and used a standardised data extraction template to analyse the organisation’s governance structures, leadership dynamics and public statements on antiracism since 1 May 2020.Results We found that the majority of organisations (26/45) have not made any public statements in response to calls for antiracism actions, and that decision-making bodies are still lacking diversity and representation from the majority of the world’s population. Of those organisations that have made public statements (19/45), we identified seven types of commitments including policy change, financial resources, education and training. Most commitments were not accompanied by accountability measures, such as setting goals or developing metrics of progress, which raises concerns about how antiracism commitments are being tracked, as well as how they can be translated into tangible action.Conclusion The absence of any kind of public statement paired with the greater lack of commitments and accountability measures calls into question whether leading public health organisations are concretely committed to racial justice and antiracism reform.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Interventions to improve district-level routine health data in low-income and middle-income countries

    Caroline A Lynch / Jayne Webster / Ngozi A Erondu / Jieun Lee / Lauren Oliveira Hashiguchi / Naomi D Herz

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

    a systematic review

    2021  Volume 6

    Abstract: Background Routine health information system(s) (RHIS) facilitate the collection of health data at all levels of the health system allowing estimates of disease prevalence, treatment and preventive intervention coverage, and risk factors to guide disease ...

    Abstract Background Routine health information system(s) (RHIS) facilitate the collection of health data at all levels of the health system allowing estimates of disease prevalence, treatment and preventive intervention coverage, and risk factors to guide disease control strategies. This core health system pillar remains underdeveloped in many low-income and middle-income countries. Efforts to improve RHIS data coverage, quality and timeliness were launched over 10 years ago.Methods A systematic review was performed across 12 databases and literature search engines for both peer-reviewed articles and grey literature reports on RHIS interventions. Studies were analysed in three stages: (1) categorisation of RHIS intervention components and processes; (2) comparison of intervention component effectiveness and (3) whether the post-intervention outcome improved above the WHO integrated disease surveillance response framework data quality standard of 80% or above.Results 5294 references were screened, resulting in 56 studies. Three key performance determinants—technical, organisational and behavioural—were proposed as critical to RHIS strengthening. Seventy-seven per cent [77%] of studies identified addressed all three determinants. The most frequently implemented intervention components were ‘providing training’ and ‘using an electronic health management information systems’. Ninety-three per cent [93%] of pre–post or controlled trial studies showed improvements in one or more data quality outputs, but after applying a standard threshold of >80% post-intervention, this number reduced to 68%. There was an observed benefit of multi-component interventions that either conducted data quality training or that addressed improvement across multiple processes and determinants of RHIS.Conclusion Holistic data quality interventions that address multiple determinants should be continuously practised for strengthening RHIS. Studies with clearly defined and pragmatic outcomes are required for future RHIS improvement interventions. ...
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Law, criminalisation and HIV in the world

    Matthew M Kavanagh / Ngozi A Erondu / Ellie Graeden / Mara Pillinger / Taavi Erkkola / Schadrac C Agbla / Marissa Joy / Kashish Aneja / Alaina Case

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

    have countries that criminalise achieved more or less successful pandemic response?

    2021  Volume 8

    Abstract: How do choices in criminal law and rights protections affect disease-fighting efforts? This long-standing question facing governments around the world is acute in the context of pandemics like HIV and COVID-19. The Global AIDS Strategy of the last 5 ... ...

    Abstract How do choices in criminal law and rights protections affect disease-fighting efforts? This long-standing question facing governments around the world is acute in the context of pandemics like HIV and COVID-19. The Global AIDS Strategy of the last 5 years sought to prevent mortality and HIV transmission in part through ensuring people living with HIV (PLHIV) knew their HIV status and could suppress the HIV virus through antiretroviral treatment. This article presents a cross-national ecological analysis of the relative success of national AIDS responses under this strategy, where laws were characterised by more or less criminalisation and with varying rights protections. In countries where same-sex sexual acts were criminalised, the portion of PLHIV who knew their HIV status was 11% lower and viral suppression levels 8% lower. Sex work criminalisation was associated with 10% lower knowledge of status and 6% lower viral suppression. Drug use criminalisation was associated with 14% lower levels of both. Criminalising all three of these areas was associated with approximately 18%–24% worse outcomes. Meanwhile, national laws on non-discrimination, independent human rights institutions and gender-based violence were associated with significantly higher knowledge of HIV status and higher viral suppression among PLHIV. Since most countries did not achieve 2020 HIV goals, this ecological evidence suggests that law reform may be an important tool in speeding momentum to halt the pandemic.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Using critical information to strengthen pandemic preparedness

    Mishal S Khan / Osman Dar / Afifah Rahman-Shepherd / Neil Squires / Chikwe Ihekweazu / Ebere Okereke / Ngozi A Erondu / Lara Hollmann / Okechukwu Ukandu / Emmanuel Agogo / Aamer Ikram / Tayyab Razi Rathore

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 5, Iss

    the role of national public health agencies

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: COVID-19 has demonstrated that most countries’ public health systems and capacities are insufficiently prepared to prevent a localised infectious disease outbreak from spreading. Strengthening national preparedness requires National Public Health ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 has demonstrated that most countries’ public health systems and capacities are insufficiently prepared to prevent a localised infectious disease outbreak from spreading. Strengthening national preparedness requires National Public Health Institutes (NPHIs), or their equivalent, to overcome practical challenges affecting timely access to, and use of, data that is critical to preparedness. Our situational analysis in collaboration with NPHIs in three countries—Ethiopia, Nigeria and Pakistan—characterises these challenges. Our findings indicate that NPHIs’ role necessitates collection and analysis of data from multiple sources that do not routinely share data with public health authorities. Since initiating requests for access to new data sources can be a lengthy process, it is essential that NPHIs are routinely monitoring a broad set of priority indicators that are selected to reflect the country-specific context. NPHIs must also have the authority to be able to request rapid sharing of data from public and private sector organisations during health emergencies and to access additional human and financial resources during disease outbreaks. Finally, timely, transparent and informative communication of synthesised data from NPHIs will facilitate sustained data sharing with NPHIs from external organisations. These actions identified by our analysis will support the availability of robust information systems that allow relevant data to be collected, shared and analysed by NPHIs sufficiently rapidly to inform a timely local response to infectious disease outbreaks in the future.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; covid19
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  5. Article: The actual and potential costs of meningitis surveillance in the African meningitis belt: Results from Chad and Niger

    Irurzun-Lopez, Maite / Ali Djibo / Anaïs Colombini / Bradford D. Gessner / James M. Stuart / Jean-Bernard Le Gargasson / Katya Fernandez / Ngozi A. Erondu / Olivier Ronveaux / Ulla Griffiths

    Vaccine. 2016 Feb. 17, v. 34, no. 8

    2016  

    Abstract: The introduction of serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis belt required strengthened surveillance to assess long-term vaccine impact. The costs of implementing this strengthening had not been assessed.The ingredients ... ...

    Abstract The introduction of serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis belt required strengthened surveillance to assess long-term vaccine impact. The costs of implementing this strengthening had not been assessed.The ingredients approach was used to retrospectively determine bacterial meningitis surveillance costs in Chad and Niger in 2012. Resource use and unit cost data were collected through interviews with staff at health facilities, laboratories, government offices and international partners, and by reviewing financial reports. Sample costs were extrapolated to national level and costs of upgrading to desired standards were estimated.Case-based surveillance had been implemented in all 12 surveyed hospitals and 29 of 33 surveyed clinics in Niger, compared to six out of 21 clinics surveyed in Chad. Lumbar punctures were performed in 100% of hospitals and clinics in Niger, compared to 52% of the clinics in Chad. The total costs of meningitis surveillance were US$ 1,951,562 in Niger and US$ 338,056 in Chad, with costs per capita of US$ 0.12 and US$ 0.03, respectively. Laboratory investigation was the largest cost component per surveillance functions, comprising 51% of the total costs in Niger and 40% in Chad. Personnel resources comprised the biggest expense type: 37% of total costs in Niger and 26% in Chad. The estimated annual, incremental costs of upgrading current systems to desired standards were US$ 183,299 in Niger and US$ 605,912 in Chad, which are 9% and 143% of present costs, respectively.Niger's more robust meningitis surveillance system costs four times more per capita than the system in Chad. Since Chad spends less per capita, fewer activities are performed, which weakens detection and analysis of cases. Countries in the meningitis belt are diverse, and can use these results to assess local costs for adapting surveillance systems to monitor vaccine impact.
    Keywords data collection ; hospitals ; human resources ; ingredients ; interviews ; meningitis ; monitoring ; serotypes ; vaccines ; Chad ; Niger
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-0217
    Size p. 1133-1138.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.045
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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