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Article ; Online: Food Insecurity among Adolescent Students from 95 Countries Is Associated with Diet, Behavior, and Health, and Associations Differ by Student Age and Sex.

Fram, Maryah Stella / Nguyen, Hoa T / Frongillo, Edward A

Current developments in nutrition

2022 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) nzac024

Abstract: Background: Adolescents' developmental tasks and challenges vary based on age, sex, and social context. Food insecurity affects adolescents, but existing research has been limited to a few country contexts and has treated adolescence as a singular ... ...

Abstract	Background: Adolescents' developmental tasks and challenges vary based on age, sex, and social context. Food insecurity affects adolescents, but existing research has been limited to a few country contexts and has treated adolescence as a singular developmental moment with limited consideration of potential differences in how food insecurity relates to developmental experiences based on adolescent age and sex. Objectives: We aimed to describe relations between student-reported food insecurity and students' profiles of nutritional, physical activity, school absenteeism, health/mental health, and victimization experiences, and how these differ by student age and sex. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey, we examined adolescent reports of their food security among 337,738 students 11-18 y old from 95 countries. We identified their profiles of focal experiences, and used mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models to examine differences in these profiles by student food insecurity and how these differ by student age and sex. Results: Of students, 25.5% aged 11-14 y compared with 30% aged 15-18 y reported food insecurity in the past 30 d. Food insecurity was associated with less frequent fruit and vegetable intake; more frequent soft drink intake; worse mental health; less physical activity; more missed school; higher odds of smoking, drinking, and using drugs; and more bullying victimization and sexual partners. Food insecurity was associated with reduced age- and sex-specific protection: greater substance use among younger adolescents, more sexual partners among older females, and greater worry among younger males. Food insecurity was also associated with increased age-specific risk: greater soft drink consumption among younger adolescents. Conclusions: Across countries, adolescent food insecurity was associated with poorer nutritional, mental health, behavioral, and relationship profiles; these associations differed with student age and sex. Food insecurity interventions should attend to adolescent developmental stage and the gendered contexts through which adolescents navigate daily life.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2475-2991
ISSN (online)	2475-2991
DOI	10.1093/cdn/nzac024
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: iQuantum

Nguyen, Hoa T. / Usman, Muhammad / Buyya, Rajkumar

A Case for Modeling and Simulation of Quantum Computing Environments

2023

Abstract: Today's quantum computers are primarily accessible through the cloud and potentially shifting to the edge network in the future. With the rapid advancement and proliferation of quantum computing research worldwide, there has been a considerable increase ... ...

Abstract	Today's quantum computers are primarily accessible through the cloud and potentially shifting to the edge network in the future. With the rapid advancement and proliferation of quantum computing research worldwide, there has been a considerable increase in demand for using cloud-based quantum computation resources. This demand has highlighted the need for designing efficient and adaptable resource management strategies and service models for quantum computing. However, the limited quantity, quality, and accessibility of quantum resources pose significant challenges to practical research in quantum software and systems. To address these challenges, we propose iQuantum, a first-of-its-kind simulation toolkit that can model hybrid quantum-classical computing environments for prototyping and evaluating system design and scheduling algorithms. This paper presents the quantum computing system model, architectural design, proof-of-concept implementation, potential use cases, and future development of iQuantum. Our proposed iQuantum simulator is anticipated to boost research in quantum software and systems, particularly in the creation and evaluation of policies and algorithms for resource management, job scheduling, and hybrid quantum-classical task orchestration in quantum computing environments integrating edge and cloud resources. Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures
Keywords	Quantum Physics ; Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Subject code	190
Publishing date	2023-03-28
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The influence of socioenvironmental risk factors on risk-taking behaviors among Bahamian adolescents: a structural equation modeling analysis.

Schieber, Elizabeth / Wang, Ava / Ou, Grace / Herbert, Carly / Nguyen, Hoa T / Deveaux, Lynette / Li, Xiaoming

Health psychology and behavioral medicine

2024 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2297577

Abstract: Background: Adolescents' risk-taking behaviors can have profound impacts on their future health. Few studies have established a relationship between multiple social environmental factors and adolescent risk behaviors. We used structural equation ... ...

Abstract	Background: Adolescents' risk-taking behaviors can have profound impacts on their future health. Few studies have established a relationship between multiple social environmental factors and adolescent risk behaviors. We used structural equation modeling to examine the role of parental monitoring and environmental risks on adolescents' behavioral intentions and risk behaviors. Methods: Data were collected through the baseline survey of a national implementation project among 2205 Grade 6 students in 24 government schools in The Bahamas in 2019. Structural equation modeling examined relations among parental monitoring, environmental risk factors, behavioral intentions, and risk behaviors. Results: Students had engaged in various delinquent, substance use, and sexual risks. In the structural equation model, parental monitoring demonstrated direct negative (protective) effects on behavioral intentions and risk behaviors, whereas environmental risk factors had a direct positive effect on adolescent behavioral intentions and risk behaviors. The model had an R Conclusion: Parental monitoring and environmental risk factors had strong influences on risk-taking behaviors of early adolescents. Future adolescent health behavior interventions should consider offering additional prevention resources to early adolescents who are exposed to multiple environmental risk factors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720684-1
ISSN	2164-2850 ; 2164-2850
ISSN (online)	2164-2850
ISSN	2164-2850
DOI	10.1080/21642850.2023.2297577
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Article ; Online: Development of a shape-based algorithm for identification of asymptomatic vertebral compression fractures: A proof-of-principle study.

Nguyen, Huy G / Nguyen, Hoa T / Nguyen, Linh T T / Tran, Thach S / Ho-Pham, Lan T / Ling, Sai H / Nguyen, Tuan V

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia

2024 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–27

Abstract: Objectives: Vertebral fracture is both common and serious among adults, yet it often goes undiagnosed. This study aimed to develop a shape-based algorithm (SBA) for the automatic identification of vertebral fractures.: Methods: The study included 144 ...

Abstract	Objectives: Vertebral fracture is both common and serious among adults, yet it often goes undiagnosed. This study aimed to develop a shape-based algorithm (SBA) for the automatic identification of vertebral fractures. Methods: The study included 144 participants (50 individuals with a fracture and 94 without a fracture) whose plain thoracolumbar spine X-rays were taken. Clinical diagnosis of vertebral fracture (grade 0 to 3) was made by rheumatologists using Genant's semiquantitative method. The SBA algorithm was developed to determine the ratio of vertebral body height loss. Based on the ratio, SBA classifies a vertebra into 4 classes: 0 = normal, 1 = mild fracture, 2 = moderate fracture, 3 = severe fracture). The concordance between clinical diagnosis and SBA-based classification was assessed at both person and vertebra levels. Results: At the person level, the SBA achieved a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 62% (95% CI, 51%-72%). At the vertebra level, the SBA achieved a sensitivity of 84% (95% CI, 72%-93%), and a specificity of 88% (95% CI, 85%-90%). On average, the SBA took 0.3 s to assess each X-ray. Conclusions: The SBA developed here is a fast and efficient tool that can be used to systematically screen for asymptomatic vertebral fractures and reduce the workload of healthcare professionals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-5263
ISSN (online)	2405-5263
DOI	10.1016/j.afos.2024.01.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: QFaaS

Nguyen, Hoa T. / Usman, Muhammad / Buyya, Rajkumar

A Serverless Function-as-a-Service Framework for Quantum Computing

2022

Abstract: Recent breakthroughs in quantum hardware are creating opportunities for its use in many applications. However, quantum software engineering is still in its infancy with many challenges, especially dealing with the diversity of quantum programming ... ...

Abstract	Recent breakthroughs in quantum hardware are creating opportunities for its use in many applications. However, quantum software engineering is still in its infancy with many challenges, especially dealing with the diversity of quantum programming languages and hardware platforms. To alleviate these challenges, we propose QFaaS, a novel Quantum Function-as-a-Service framework, which leverages the advantages of the serverless model and the state-of-the-art software engineering approaches to advance practical quantum computing. Our framework provides essential components of a quantum serverless platform to simplify the software development and adapt to the quantum cloud computing paradigm, such as combining hybrid quantum-classical computation, containerizing functions, and integrating DevOps features. We design QFaaS as a unified quantum computing framework by supporting well-known quantum languages and software development kits (Qiskit, Q#, Cirq, and Braket), executing the quantum tasks on multiple simulators and quantum cloud providers (IBM Quantum and Amazon Braket). This paper proposes architectural design, principal components, the life cycle of hybrid quantum-classical function, operation workflow, and implementation of QFaaS. We present two practical use cases and perform the evaluations on quantum computers and simulators to demonstrate our framework's ability to ease the burden on traditional engineers to expedite the ongoing quantum software transition. Comment: 35 pages, 15 figures
Keywords	Quantum Physics ; Computer Science - Distributed ; Parallel ; and Cluster Computing ; Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Publishing date	2022-05-30
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence, incidence of and risk factors for vertebral fracture in the community: the Vietnam Osteoporosis Study.

Nguyen, Hoa T / Nguyen, Bao T / Thai, Thi H Nhung / Tran, An V / Nguyen, Tan T / Vo, Tam / Mai, Linh D / Tran, Thach S / Nguyen, Tuan V / Ho-Pham, Lan T

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 32

Abstract: The epidemiology of vertebral fractures (VF) in underrepresented populations is not well-documented. This cohort study was part of a longitudinal osteoporosis research project with the aim of determining the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for VF. ...

Abstract	The epidemiology of vertebral fractures (VF) in underrepresented populations is not well-documented. This cohort study was part of a longitudinal osteoporosis research project with the aim of determining the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for VF. 401 individuals (155 men) aged 50 years and older without a clinical diagnosis of VF were took radiographs at baseline and 2 years later. VF were ascertained using the Genant's semi-quantitative method. Bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck and lumbar spine were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Inc). The association between VF and risk factors was analyzed by the multiple logistic regression. The 95% confidence interval for prevalence and incidence was estimated by exact Poisson test. At baseline, the prevalence of VF was 12.2% (n = 49, 95% CI 9.0-16.2%) and increased with advancing age with one-fifth of those aged 70 and older having a VF. During the follow-up period, we observed 6 new VF, making the incidence of 6.6/1000 person-years (n = 6, 95% CI 2.4-14.3). The risk of prevalent VF was associated with male gender (OR: 2.67; 95% CI 1.28-5.87) and T-score at the femoral neck (OR per one SD decrease: 1.1; 1.03-1.17). These data indicate that VF is common among adults, and that lower femoral neck BMD was a risk factor for VF.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Fractures/epidemiology ; Spinal Fractures/etiology ; Cohort Studies ; Prevalence ; Incidence ; Vietnam ; Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Bone Density ; Absorptiometry, Photon/methods ; Risk Factors ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-50145-w
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Article ; Online: The Role of the Opinion Leader Research Process in Informing Policy Making for Improved Nutrition: Experience and Lessons Learned in Southeast Asia.

Weissman, Amy / Nguyen, Tuan T / Nguyen, Hoa T / Mathisen, Roger

Current developments in nutrition

2020 Volume 4, Issue 6, Page(s) nzaa093

Abstract: Opinion leader research (OLR) has been widely used in public health to identify influential persons or organizations to affect health care practice, inform policy-making processes, and help shape communication strategies. We used OLR to gather ... ...

Abstract	Opinion leader research (OLR) has been widely used in public health to identify influential persons or organizations to affect health care practice, inform policy-making processes, and help shape communication strategies. We used OLR to gather information related to barriers and possible solutions to guide strategic engagement for strengthening policy making for improved maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) practices in 5 Southeast Asian countries-Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, and Thailand. In most countries, MIYCN policies and policymaker interest exist, but effective implementation and/or enforcement of current policies is weak. This article aims to share our experience in and lessons learned from using OLR as an advocacy tool: It helped identify opinion leaders with interest and influence to affect nutrition-related policies, it raised opinion leaders' interest in MIYCN, and it identified themes that would help generate political priority setting. Based on our experience, we recommend OLR as a strategic activity for informing and generating support for MIYCN policy-making processes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2475-2991
ISSN (online)	2475-2991
DOI	10.1093/cdn/nzaa093
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Nobody left behind? Equity and the drivers of stunting reduction in Vietnamese ethnic minority populations

Harris, Jody / Huynh, Phuong / Nguyen, Hoa T. / Hoang, Nga / Mai, Lan Tran / Tuyen, Le Danh / Nguyen, Phuong Hong

Food security. 2021 Aug., v. 13, no. 4

2021

Abstract: Vietnam has successfully reduced population stunting, but ethnic minority groups are being systematically left behind, limiting progress on national reductions. This mixed methods study aims to understand how policy drivers of stunting reduction differ ... ...

Abstract	Vietnam has successfully reduced population stunting, but ethnic minority groups are being systematically left behind, limiting progress on national reductions. This mixed methods study aims to understand how policy drivers of stunting reduction differ between ethnic majority and minority communities. We used decomposition analysis to explain key determinants of stunting change between 2000 and 2010; and framework analysis to qualitatively assess changes in policy, actors and narratives that have underpinned these over decades. Our analysis shows that stunting reductions are associated with increased household wealth (accounting for 61% of change), improved access to specific health services (16%), and changes in level of maternal education (12%). Despite multiple actors involved in change and a large set of policies designed to address inequities, many among Vietnam’s defined ethnic minority groups are not finding themselves able to effectively engage with central government plans for their communities, and central policies often do not consider their preferences or limitations. This in turn impacts the nutrition of minority groups through the determinants above. Vietnam has achieved the easier portion of stunting reduction through national economic growth and sustained commitment to socially-oriented policy. In order to tackle the remaining pockets of high malnutrition, more attention, thought and funding will need to focus on marginalised ethnic minority communities. The current national development discourse aims to incorporate minorities into mainstream majority systems. This paper argues that policy should rather take into account their particular needs and preferences to address and overcome the identified determinants of malnutrition.
Keywords	economic development ; education ; food security ; household income ; issues and policy ; malnutrition ; minorities (people) ; nutrition ; Vietnam
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Size	p. 803-818.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2486755-X
ISSN	1876-4525 ; 1876-4517
ISSN (online)	1876-4525
ISSN	1876-4517
DOI	10.1007/s12571-021-01183-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Comparative Analysis of Swine Antibody Responses following Vaccination with Live-Attenuated and Killed African Swine Fever Virus Vaccines.

Luong, Hung Q / Lai, Huong T L / Truong, Lam Q / Nguyen, The N / Vu, Hanh D / Nguyen, Hoa T / Nguyen, Lan T / Pham, Trang H / McVey, D Scott / Vu, Hiep L X

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 11

Abstract: African swine fever virus (ASFV) is circulating in many swine-producing countries, causing significant economic losses. It is observed that pigs experimentally vaccinated with a live-attenuated virus (LAV) but not a killed virus (KV) vaccine develop ... ...

Abstract	African swine fever virus (ASFV) is circulating in many swine-producing countries, causing significant economic losses. It is observed that pigs experimentally vaccinated with a live-attenuated virus (LAV) but not a killed virus (KV) vaccine develop solid homologous protective immunity. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze antibody profiles between pigs vaccinated with an LAV vaccine and those vaccinated with a KV vaccine to identify potential markers of vaccine-induced protection. Thirty ASFV seronegative pigs were divided into three groups: Group 1 received a single dose of an experimental LAV, Group 2 received two doses of an experimental KV vaccine, and Group 3 was kept as a non-vaccinated (NV) control. At 42 days post-vaccination, all pigs were challenged with the parental virulent ASFV strain and monitored for 21 days. All pigs vaccinated with the LAV vaccine survived the challenge. In contrast, eight pigs from the KV group and seven pigs from the NV group died within 14 days post-challenge. Serum samples collected on 41 days post-vaccination were analyzed for their reactivity against a panel of 29 viral structural proteins. The sera of pigs from the LAV group exhibited a strong antibody reactivity against various viral structural proteins, while the sera of pigs in the KV group only displayed weak antibody reactivity against the inner envelope (p32, p54, p12). There was a negative correlation between the intensity of antibody reactivity against five ASFV antigens, namely p12, p14, p15, p32, and pD205R, and the viral DNA titers in the blood of animals after the challenge infection. Thus, antibody reactivities against these five antigens warrant further evaluation as potential indicators of vaccine-induced protection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11111687
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Article ; Online: Earlier and Concurrent Food Insecurity Are Associated with Suboptimal Parenting in Early Childhood.

Nguyen, Hoa T / Frongillo, Edward A / Blake, Christine E / Shapiro, Cheri J / Frith, Amy L

The Journal of nutrition

2020 Volume 150, Issue 6, Page(s) 1590–1599

Abstract: Background: Food insecurity (FI) is associated with poor health, suboptimal nutrition, and disadvantaged linguistic, social, and academic development for children. Given the prominent role that parents play in children's development, FI may be ... ...

Abstract	Background: Food insecurity (FI) is associated with poor health, suboptimal nutrition, and disadvantaged linguistic, social, and academic development for children. Given the prominent role that parents play in children's development, FI may be associated with parenting practices. Objectives: We aimed to understand how FI and its change over time relate to parenting in early childhood. Methods: Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort: parental interviews and child assessments at 9 mo and 2, 4, and 5 y old. Dependent variables were parenting practices in years 2, 4, and 5 in parent-child interaction, discipline, rules, and routines in general and food-related settings. Stratified by gender, parenting outcomes were regressed on earlier FI and child, parent, and contextual covariates, then additionally regressed on concurrent FI, using models with full-information-maximum-likelihood and cluster control. Results: Earlier FI was associated with harsh discipline (girls, year 5: β1 = 0.0811, P < 0.05) and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls and boys, years 2 and 4), before adding concurrent FI. Accounting for earlier FI and covariates, concurrent FI was associated with harsh discipline (girls, years 2 and 4: β2 = 0.0489 and 0.0705, P < 0.05; boys, year 2: β2 = 0.0584, P < 0.05), rules about foods (girls, year 4), frequent evening meals as a family (girls, years 2 and 4), and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls, years 2 and 4; boys, year 2); earlier FI remained associated with harsh discipline (girls, year 5) and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls, years 2 and 4; boys, year 4). Conclusions: FI was linked with suboptimal parenting practices in structuring a general and food-related living environment, particularly for girls and by the age of 5 y.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Parenting
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxaa073
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