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Article ; Online: Adverse Effects of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Humans and the Environment.

Niccolai, Elena / Colzi, Ilaria / Amedei, Amedeo

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 21

Abstract: The pervasive pollution caused by nano- and microplastics (N/MPLs) is a pressing concern, and was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the substantial release of disposable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) into the environment [ ... ]. ...

Abstract	The pervasive pollution caused by nano- and microplastics (N/MPLs) is a pressing concern, and was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the substantial release of disposable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) into the environment [...].
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Microplastics/toxicity ; Pandemics ; Plastics/adverse effects ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; COVID-19
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Plastics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms242115822
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Article ; Online: Nourishing Immunity and Combatting Neuroinflammation: The Power of Immunonutrition and The Microbiome.

Dübüş, Eda Nur / Lamminpää, Ingrid / Nannini, Giulia / Niccolai, Elena

Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)

2023 Volume 28, Issue 8, Page(s) 178

Abstract: The gut-microbiome-brain axis plays a crucial role in the control of systemic metabolism and homeostasis. Recent research has shown that dietary habits and nutrients can affect immune system and inflammatory status by influencing various factors, ... ...

Abstract	The gut-microbiome-brain axis plays a crucial role in the control of systemic metabolism and homeostasis. Recent research has shown that dietary habits and nutrients can affect immune system and inflammatory status by influencing various factors, including microbiome composition, microbial products release, gastrointestinal signaling molecules, and neurotransmitters. In addition, the gut microbiome affects the brain by altering levels of key brain transmitters, circulating cytokines, and short-chain fatty acids that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Immunonutrition, a newly born discipline, examines the relationship between diet, nutritional status, the immune system, inflammation, infection, injury, and healing. This review explores the relationship between nutrition and the immune system, focusing on immunonutrition and immunonutrients, the connections between nutrition, immunity, and the microbiome, microbiota-gut-brain communication, and potential nutritional interventions to improve neurological disorders. The manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay between nutrition and the immune system, highlighting the many ways in which our diets can impact our health and wellbeing, particularly in the context of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Immunonutrition Diet ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Microbiota ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Inflammation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2704569-9
ISSN	2768-6698 ; 2768-6698
ISSN (online)	2768-6698
ISSN	2768-6698
DOI	10.31083/j.fbl2808178
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Article ; Online: Synergistic Strategies for Gastrointestinal Cancer Care: Unveiling the Benefits of Immunonutrition and Microbiota Modulation.

Martinelli, Serena / Lamminpää, Ingrid / Dübüş, Eda Nur / Sarıkaya, Dilara / Niccolai, Elena

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 20

Abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of highly prevalent malignant tumors affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Globally, one in four cancer cases and one in three cancer deaths are estimated to be GI cancers. They can alter digestive and absorption ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of highly prevalent malignant tumors affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Globally, one in four cancer cases and one in three cancer deaths are estimated to be GI cancers. They can alter digestive and absorption functions, leading to severe malnutrition which may worsen the prognosis of the patients. Therefore, nutritional intervention and monitoring play a fundamental role in managing metabolic alterations and cancer symptoms, as well as minimizing side effects and increasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. In this scenario, the use of immunonutrients that are able to modulate the immune system and the modification/regulation of the gut microbiota composition have gained attention as a possible strategy to improve the conditions of these patients. The complex interaction between nutrients and microbiota might contribute to maintaining the homeostasis of each individual's immune system; therefore, concurrent use of specific nutrients in combination with traditional cancer treatments may synergistically improve the overall care of GI cancer patients. This work aims to review and discuss the role of immunonutrition and microbiota modulation in improving nutritional status, postoperative recovery, and response to therapies in patients with GI cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Immunonutrition Diet ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/therapy ; Microbiota/physiology ; Nutritional Status
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15204408
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Article ; Online: The link "Cancer and autoimmune diseases" in the light of microbiota: Evidence of a potential culprit.

Niccolai, Elena / Boem, Federico / Emmi, Giacomo / Amedei, Amedeo

Immunology letters

2020 Volume 222, Page(s) 12–28

Abstract: Evidence establishes that chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are associated with cancer development and patients with a primary malignancy may develop autoimmune-like diseases. Despite immune dysregulation is a common feature of both cancer and ... ...

Abstract	Evidence establishes that chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are associated with cancer development and patients with a primary malignancy may develop autoimmune-like diseases. Despite immune dysregulation is a common feature of both cancer and autoimmune diseases, precise mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are not clarified and different hypotheses have been proposed, starting from genetic and environmental common features, to intrinsic properties of immune system. Moreover, as the development and use of immunomodulatory therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases are increasing, the elucidation of this relationship must be investigated in order to offer the best and most secure therapeutic options. The microbiota could represent a potential link between autoimmune diseases and cancer. The immunomodulation role of microbiota is widely recognized and under eubiosis, it orchestrates both the innate and adaptive response of immunity, in order to discriminate and modulate the immune response itself in the most appropriate way. Therefore, a dysbiotic status can alter the immune tonus rendering the host prone to exogenous or endogenous infections, breaking the tolerance against self-components and activating the immune responses in an excessive (i.e. chronic inflammation) or deficient way, favoring the onset of neoplastic and autoimmune diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/complications ; Autoimmune Diseases/etiology ; Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism ; Autoimmunity ; Disease Susceptibility/immunology ; Dysbiosis ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Immune System/immunology ; Immune System/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Surveillance ; Immunomodulation ; Microbiota/immunology ; Neoplasms/complications ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	445150-8
ISSN	1879-0542 ; 0165-2478
ISSN (online)	1879-0542
ISSN	0165-2478
DOI	10.1016/j.imlet.2020.03.001
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Article: Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Microbiota-Immunity Axis in the New Diagnostic and Prognostic Frontiers.

Piccioni, Andrea / Niccolai, Elena / Rozzi, Gloria / Spaziani, Giacomo / Zanza, Christian / Candelli, Marcello / Covino, Marcello / Gasbarrini, Antonio / Franceschi, Francesco / Amedei, Amedeo

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 4

Abstract: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common genetic disorder with a propensity towards early onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main goal of therapy is to reduce the LDL cholesterol and the current treatment generally consists of ... ...

Abstract	Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common genetic disorder with a propensity towards early onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main goal of therapy is to reduce the LDL cholesterol and the current treatment generally consists of statin, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors. Unfortunately, lowering LDL cholesterol may be difficult for many reasons such as the variation of response to statin therapy among the population or the high cost of some therapies (i.e., PCSK9 inhibitors). In addition to conventional therapy, additional strategies may be used. The gut microbiota has been recently considered to play a part in chronic systemic inflammation and hence in CVD. Several studies, though they are still preliminary, consider dysbiosis a risk factor for various CVDs through several mechanisms. In this review, we provide an update of the current literature about the intricate relation between the gut microbiota and the familial hypercholesterolemia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens12040627
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Article ; Online: Breast cancer: the first comparative evaluation of oncobiome composition between males and females.

Niccolai, Elena / Baldi, Simone / Nannini, Giulia / Gensini, Francesca / Papi, Laura / Vezzosi, Vania / Bianchi, Simonetta / Orzalesi, Lorenzo / Ramazzotti, Matteo / Amedei, Amedeo

Biology of sex differences

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 37

Abstract: Background: Emerging evidence suggests that breast microbiota dysbiosis contributes to cancer initiation, progression, prognosis and treatment efficacy. Anyway, available data are referred only to female patients, and studies on males are completely ... ...

Abstract	Background: Emerging evidence suggests that breast microbiota dysbiosis contributes to cancer initiation, progression, prognosis and treatment efficacy. Anyway, available data are referred only to female patients, and studies on males are completely missing. Male breast cancer (MBC) is 70-100 times less frequent, but the mortality rate adjusted to incidence is higher in men than in females. Currently, MBC diagnostic approaches and treatments have generally been extrapolated from the clinical experience gained in women, while few studies focus on characterizing male cancer biology. Taking into account the rising importance of the oncobiome field and the need of MBC targeted studies, we explored the breast cancer oncobiome of male and female patients. Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed in 20 tumor and 20 non-pathological adjacent FFPE breast tissues from male and female patients. Results: We documented, for the first time, the presence of a sexually dimorphic breast-associated microbiota, here defined as "breast microgenderome". Moreover, the paired analysis of tumor and non-pathological adjacent tissues suggests the presence of a cancer-associated dysbiosis in male patients, with surrounding tissue conserving a healthier microbiome, whereas in female patients, the entire breast tissue is predisposed to cancer development. Finally, the phylum Tenericutes, especially the genera Mesoplasma and Mycobacterium, could to be involved in breast carcinogenesis, in both sexes, deserving further investigation, not only for its role in cancer development but even as potential prognostic biomarker. Conclusions: Breast microbiota characterization can enhance the understanding of male breast cancer pathogenesis, being useful for detection of new prognostic biomarkers and development of innovative personalized therapies, remarking the relevant gender differences.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms, Male ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Neoplasms ; Microbiota/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2587352-0
ISSN	2042-6410 ; 2042-6410
ISSN (online)	2042-6410
ISSN	2042-6410
DOI	10.1186/s13293-023-00523-w
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Article: The Gut–Brain Axis in the Neuropsychological Disease Model of Obesity: A Classical Movie Revised by the Emerging Director “Microbiome”

Niccolai, Elena / Boem, Federico / Russo, Edda / Amedei, Amedeo

Nutrients. 2019 Jan. 12, v. 11, no. 1

2019

Abstract: The worldwide epidemic of obesity has become an important public health issue, with serious psychological and social consequences. Obesity is a multifactorial disorder in which various elements (genetic, host, and environment), play a definite role, even ...

Abstract	The worldwide epidemic of obesity has become an important public health issue, with serious psychological and social consequences. Obesity is a multifactorial disorder in which various elements (genetic, host, and environment), play a definite role, even if none of them satisfactorily explains its etiology. A number of neurological comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, charges the global obesity burden, and evidence suggests the hypothesis that the brain could be the seat of the initial malfunction leading to obesity. The gut microbiome plays an important role in energy homeostasis regulating energy harvesting, fat deposition, as well as feeding behavior and appetite. Dietary patterns, like the Western diet, are known to be a major cause of the obesity epidemic, probably promoting a dysbiotic drift in the gut microbiota. Moreover, the existence of a “gut–brain axis” suggests a role for microbiome on hosts’ behavior according to different modalities, including interaction through the nervous system, and mutual crosstalk with the immune and the endocrine systems. In the perspective of obesity as a real neuropsychological disease and in light of the discussed considerations, this review focuses on the microbiome role as an emerging director in the development of obesity.
Keywords	Western diets ; anxiety ; appetite ; brain ; comorbidity ; disease models ; eating habits ; energy ; etiology ; feeding behavior ; homeostasis ; intestinal microorganisms ; microbiome ; obesity ; social impact
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0112
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11010156
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Clinical Protocol and Evaluation of Microbiota Immunity Axis.

Niccolai, Elena / Martinelli, Ilaria / Quaranta, Gianluca / Nannini, Giulia / Zucchi, Elisabetta / De Maio, Flavio / Gianferrari, Giulia / Bibbò, Stefano / Cammarota, Giovanni / Mandrioli, Jessica / Masucci, Luca / Amedei, Amedeo

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2024 Volume 2761, Page(s) 373–396

Abstract: The fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic transplant of fecal microbiota from healthy donors to patients. This practice is aimed at restoring eubiosis and rebalancing the enteric and systemic immune responses, and then eliminating ... ...

Abstract	The fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic transplant of fecal microbiota from healthy donors to patients. This practice is aimed at restoring eubiosis and rebalancing the enteric and systemic immune responses, and then eliminating pathogenic triggers of multiple disease, including neurodegenerative diseases. Alterations of gut microbiota (GM) affect the central nervous system (CNS) health, impacting neuro-immune interactions, synaptic plasticity, myelination, and skeletal muscle function. T-regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) are among the most important players in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), altering the disease course. Along with circulating neuropeptides, other immune cells, and the gut-brain axis, the GM influences immunological tolerance and controls Treg's number and suppressive functions. A double-blind, controlled, multicenter study on FMT in ALS patients has been designed to evaluate if FMT can modulate neuroinflammation, by restoring Treg number, thus modifying disease activity and progression.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy ; Microbiota ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Clinical Protocols ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_27
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Article ; Online: Potential Association of the Oral Microbiome with Trimethylamine N-Oxide Quantification in Mexican Patients with Myocardial Infarction.

Hernández-Ruiz, Paulina / Escalona Montaño, Alma R / Amezcua-Guerra, Luis M / González-Pacheco, Héctor / Niccolai, Elena / Amedei, Amedeo / Aguirre-García, María M

Mediators of inflammation

2024 Volume 2024, Page(s) 3985731

Abstract: Many attempts have been proposed to evaluate the linkage between the oral-gut-liver axis and the mechanisms related to the diseases' establishment. One of them is the oral microbiota translocation into the bloodstream, liver, and gut, promoting a host ... ...

Abstract	Many attempts have been proposed to evaluate the linkage between the oral-gut-liver axis and the mechanisms related to the diseases' establishment. One of them is the oral microbiota translocation into the bloodstream, liver, and gut, promoting a host dysbiosis and triggering the presence of some metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), known as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease, and especially the myocardial infarction (MI). In the present pilot study, the involvement of oral dysbiosis related to the presence of TMAO has been considered an independent component of the standard risk factors (SRs) in the development of MI, which has not been previously described in human cohorts. A positive and significant correlation of TMAO levels with
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dysbiosis/complications ; Pilot Projects ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Myocardial Infarction ; Microbiota ; Methylamines
Chemical Substances	trimethyloxamine (FLD0K1SJ1A) ; Methylamines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1137605-3
ISSN	1466-1861 ; 0962-9351
ISSN (online)	1466-1861
ISSN	0962-9351
DOI	10.1155/2024/3985731
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Article ; Online: The Gut⁻Brain Axis in the Neuropsychological Disease Model of Obesity: A Classical Movie Revised by the Emerging Director "Microbiome".

Niccolai, Elena / Boem, Federico / Russo, Edda / Amedei, Amedeo

Nutrients

2019 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract	The worldwide epidemic of obesity has become an important public health issue, with serious psychological and social consequences. Obesity is a multifactorial disorder in which various elements (genetic, host, and environment), play a definite role, even if none of them satisfactorily explains its etiology. A number of neurological comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, charges the global obesity burden, and evidence suggests the hypothesis that the brain could be the seat of the initial malfunction leading to obesity. The gut microbiome plays an important role in energy homeostasis regulating energy harvesting, fat deposition, as well as feeding behavior and appetite. Dietary patterns, like the Western diet, are known to be a major cause of the obesity epidemic, probably promoting a dysbiotic drift in the gut microbiota. Moreover, the existence of a "gut⁻brain axis" suggests a role for microbiome on hosts' behavior according to different modalities, including interaction through the nervous system, and mutual crosstalk with the immune and the endocrine systems. In the perspective of obesity as a real neuropsychological disease and in light of the discussed considerations, this review focuses on the microbiome role as an emerging director in the development of obesity.
MeSH term(s)	Appetite Regulation ; Brain/physiology ; Diet ; Dysbiosis/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology ; Health Behavior ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Obesity/microbiology ; Obesity/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11010156
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