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Article ; Online: Case of congenital nystagmus.

Nichols, David

2018 Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 229–231

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Nystagmus, Congenital/diagnostic imaging ; Nystagmus, Congenital/genetics ; Nystagmus, Congenital/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-21
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	1024476-1
ISSN	1440-1754 ; 1034-4810
ISSN (online)	1440-1754
ISSN	1034-4810
DOI	10.1111/jpc.14161
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Article ; Online: Crossing the Quality Chasm and the Ignored Pillar of Health Care Equity.

Cheng, Tina L / Unaka, Ndidi I / Nichols, David

Pediatric clinics of North America

2023 Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 855–861

Abstract: Although there has been tremendous progress toward the aspiration of delivering quality health care, among the National Academy of Medicine's (previously Institute of Medicine) six pillars of quality (health care should be safe, effective, timely, ... ...

Abstract	Although there has been tremendous progress toward the aspiration of delivering quality health care, among the National Academy of Medicine's (previously Institute of Medicine) six pillars of quality (health care should be safe, effective, timely, patient-centered, efficient, and equitable), the last pillar, equity, has been largely ignored. Examples of how the quality improvement (QI) process leads to improvements are numerous and must be applied to the pillar of equity related to race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. This article describes how equity should be addressed using the QI process.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Delivery of Health Care ; Quality of Health Care ; Health Equity ; Quality Improvement ; Social Class
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	215711-1
ISSN	1557-8240 ; 0031-3955
ISSN (online)	1557-8240
ISSN	0031-3955
DOI	10.1016/j.pcl.2023.03.013
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Article ; Online: The Rural Integrated Community Clerkship: a vital stretch in the Alberta rural physician workforce pipeline.

Nichols, Darren / Cockell, Jim / Lemoine, Daniel / Konkin, Jill

Canadian medical education journal

2023 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 59–63

Abstract: Background: Longitudinal integrated clerkships are thought to operate synergistically with factors such as rural background and practice intent to determine medical graduates' practice types and locations-sometimes known as the pipeline effect. We ... ...

Abstract	Background: Longitudinal integrated clerkships are thought to operate synergistically with factors such as rural background and practice intent to determine medical graduates' practice types and locations-sometimes known as the pipeline effect. We examined the influence of the rural integrated community clerkship (ICC) at the University of Alberta on students choosing family medicine and rural practice. Methods: We completed a retrospective cohort analysis of graduates from 2009-2016. The cohort was cross-referenced by background, type of clerkship, practice type and practice location. We used χ2 analyses and risk ratios to measure the relative likelihood that ICC students would settle on rural practice and/or family medicine. Results: ICC participation had more influence than rural background on students' choice of rural and/or family practice, and both factors were synergistic. Rotation-based clerkship students were least likely to enter family medicine or rural practice. Conclusions: The ICC is a clerkship model that influences students to become rural and/or family physicians, regardless of their rural/urban origins. The ICC diverts rural-interested students into rural practice and protects rural-origin students from ending up in urban practice. Expanding ICC infrastructure, including sustaining the rural physician workforce, will benefit rural Alberta communities by increasing the numbers of UA graduates in rural practice.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Alberta ; Rural Health Services ; Professional Practice Location ; Physicians, Family ; Workforce
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2689512-2
ISSN	1923-1202 ; 1923-1202
ISSN (online)	1923-1202
ISSN	1923-1202
DOI	10.36834/cmej.73944
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Article: Contralateral Obturator to Femoral Nerve Branch Transfer for Multilevel Lumbosacral Plexus Avulsion Injury.

Nichols, D Spencer / Chim, Harvey

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open

2021 Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) e3997

Abstract: We report successful restoration of quadriceps function following contralateral obturator to lateral branch of the femoral nerve transfer (with intervening autograft) in two patients with multilevel lumbosacral root avulsions, resulting in severe ... ...

Abstract	We report successful restoration of quadriceps function following contralateral obturator to lateral branch of the femoral nerve transfer (with intervening autograft) in two patients with multilevel lumbosacral root avulsions, resulting in severe unilateral motor and sensory deficits. Three years postoperatively, patient 1 had regained Medical Research Council grade 3 knee extension with the ability to extend against 10 pounds of resistance. At 28 months postoperatively, patient 2 had regained Medical Research Council grade 2 knee extension. Treatment options for severe lumbosacral plexus injuries with multiple root avulsions are limited. This approach offers a new option for these devastating injuries.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2851682-5
ISSN	2169-7574 ; 2169-7574
ISSN (online)	2169-7574
ISSN	2169-7574
DOI	10.1097/GOX.0000000000003997
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Article ; Online: Trauma film viewing and intrusive memories: Relationship between salivary alpha amylase, endocannabinoids, and cortisol.

O'Donohue, Matthew P / Amir Hamzah, Khalisa / Nichols, David / Ney, Luke J

Psychoneuroendocrinology

2024 Volume 164, Page(s) 107007

Abstract: The endogenous cannabinoid (ECB) system is a small molecule lipid signalling system that is involved in stress response activation and is associated with PTSD, but it is unclear whether salivary ECBs are part of the sympathetic nervous system response to ...

Abstract	The endogenous cannabinoid (ECB) system is a small molecule lipid signalling system that is involved in stress response activation and is associated with PTSD, but it is unclear whether salivary ECBs are part of the sympathetic nervous system response to stress. We conducted an adapted trauma film paradigm, where participants completed a cold pressor test (or control) while watching a 10-minute trauma film. We also collected saliva and hair samples and tested them for ECBs, cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase (sAA). As hypothesised, there were significant positive correlations between sAA activity and salivary ECB levels, particularly 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), though ECBs were not correlated with sAA stress reactivity. Participants who had a significant cortisol response to the trauma film/stressor reported less intrusive memories, which were also less distressing and less vivid. This effect was moderated by arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), where decreases in AEA post-stress were associated with more intrusive memories in cortisol non-responders only. This study provides new evidence for the role of ECBs in the sympathetic nervous system.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Salivary alpha-Amylases ; Endocannabinoids ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Saliva ; Arachidonic Acids
Chemical Substances	Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ) ; Salivary alpha-Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) ; anandamide (UR5G69TJKH) ; Endocannabinoids ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Arachidonic Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197636-9
ISSN	1873-3360 ; 0306-4530
ISSN (online)	1873-3360
ISSN	0306-4530
DOI	10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107007
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Article ; Online: Modeling effects of matrix heterogeneity on population persistence at the patch-level.

Fonseka, Nalin / Goddard, Jerome / Henderson, Alketa / Nichols, Dustin / Shivaji, Ratnasingham

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE

2023 Volume 19, Issue 12, Page(s) 13675–13709

Abstract: Habitat loss and fragmentation is the largest contributing factor to species extinction and declining biodiversity. Landscapes are becoming highly spatially heterogeneous with varying degrees of human modification. Much theoretical study of habitat ... ...

Abstract	Habitat loss and fragmentation is the largest contributing factor to species extinction and declining biodiversity. Landscapes are becoming highly spatially heterogeneous with varying degrees of human modification. Much theoretical study of habitat fragmentation has historically focused on a simple theoretical landscape with patches of habitat surrounded by a spatially homogeneous hostile matrix. However, terrestrial habitat patches are often surrounded by complex mosaics of many different land cover types, which are rarely ecologically neutral or completely inhospitable environments. We employ an extension of a reaction diffusion model to explore effects of heterogeneity in the matrix immediately surrounding a patch in a one-dimensional theoretical landscape. Exact dynamics of a population exhibiting logistic growth, an unbiased random walk in the patch and matrix, habitat preference at the patch/matrix interface, and two functionally different matrix types for the one-dimensional landscape is obtained. These results show existence of a minimum patch size (MPS), below which population persistence is not possible. This MPS can be estimated via empirically derived estimates of patch intrinsic growth rate and diffusion rate, habitat preference, and matrix death and diffusion rates. We conclude that local matrix heterogeneity can greatly change model predictions, and argue that conservation strategies should not only consider patch size, configuration, and quality, but also quality and spatial structure of the surrounding matrix.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; Models, Theoretical ; Extinction, Biological
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2265126-3
ISSN	1551-0018 ; 1551-0018
ISSN (online)	1551-0018
ISSN	1551-0018
DOI	10.3934/mbe.2022638
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Article ; Online: Do tobacco 21 laws work?

Hansen, Benjamin / Sabia, Joseph J / McNichols, Drew / Bryan, Calvin

Journal of health economics

2023 Volume 92, Page(s) 102818

Abstract: Tobacco 21 (T-21) laws raise the minimum legal purchasing age for all tobacco products to 21. This study is the first to examine the impact of statewide T21 laws on teenage and young adult cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. Using ... ...

Abstract	Tobacco 21 (T-21) laws raise the minimum legal purchasing age for all tobacco products to 21. This study is the first to examine the impact of statewide T21 laws on teenage and young adult cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. Using survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and a difference-in-differences approach, we find that statewide adoption of a T-21 law is associated with a 2-to-4 percentage-point decline in smoking participation among 18-to-20-year-olds. Supplemental analyses using the State Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) show that frequent e-cigarette use among 18-year-olds also fell following the adoption of T21 laws, though this effect was partially because teens turned to informal social sources to obtain e-cigarettes (i.e., borrowing or bumming). Finally, we find that T-21 laws generate spillover effects, including (2) reductions in cigarette use among 16-to-17-year-olds, a group that relies heavily on informal social markets in high school, and (2) reductions in marijuana use and days of alcohol use among some teens.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Marijuana Smoking ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Tobacco Products ; Public Policy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	625797-5
ISSN	1879-1646 ; 0167-6296
ISSN (online)	1879-1646
ISSN	0167-6296
DOI	10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102818
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Article: Political violence, risk aversion, and population health: Evidence from the US Capitol riot.

Dave, Dhaval / McNichols, Drew / Sabia, Joseph J

Journal of population economics

2022 Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 1345–1384

Abstract: This study is the first to explore the impact of the January 6, 2021 Capitol riot on risk avoidance behavior and the spread of COVID-19. First, using anonymized smartphone data from SafeGraph, Inc., and an event-study approach, we document a substantial ... ...

Abstract	This study is the first to explore the impact of the January 6, 2021 Capitol riot on risk avoidance behavior and the spread of COVID-19. First, using anonymized smartphone data from SafeGraph, Inc., and an event-study approach, we document a substantial increase on January 6 in non-resident smartphone pings at the sites of the protest: the Ellipse, the National Mall, and the US Capitol Building. Then, using data from the same source and a synthetic control approach, we find that the Capitol riot led to an increase in stay-at-home behavior among District of Columbia residents, consistent with risk avoidance behavior and post-riot policies designed to limit large in-person gatherings. Finally, while we find no evidence that the Capitol riot substantially increased the spread of COVID-19 in the District of Columbia, we do find that counties with the highest inflows of out-of-town protesters experienced a 0.004 to 0.010 increase in the rate of daily cumulative COVID-19 case growth during the month following the event. These findings are exacerbated in counties without COVID-19 mitigation policies in place. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00148-022-00914-0.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1459367-1
ISSN	1432-1475 ; 0933-1433
ISSN (online)	1432-1475
ISSN	0933-1433
DOI	10.1007/s00148-022-00914-0
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Article: Radial Nerve Fascicular Transfer Preserving Long Head through Anterior Incision for Transhumeral Targeted Muscle Reinnervation.

Chopan, Mustafa / Spencer Nichols, David / Chim, Harvey

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open

2022 Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) e4483

Abstract: New developments in targeted muscle reinnervation promise better options for treatment of neuropathic pain and improved prosthetic control. For transhumeral amputations, the traditional approach involves an anterior incision to access the median and ... ...

Abstract	New developments in targeted muscle reinnervation promise better options for treatment of neuropathic pain and improved prosthetic control. For transhumeral amputations, the traditional approach involves an anterior incision to access the median and ulnar nerves and a second posterior incision to access the radial nerve. This is necessitated as exposure of motor branches of the radial nerve distal to the branch to the long head of the triceps is difficult from the anterior approach. Herein, we describe a technique for transferring the radial nerve proper distal to the long head branch to a motor branch to the medial or lateral head of the triceps through internal neurolysis and fascicular transfer. This allows all surgical steps to be performed through a single incision while preserving native motor branches to the biceps and triceps muscles.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851682-5
ISSN	2169-7574 ; 2169-7574
ISSN (online)	2169-7574
ISSN	2169-7574
DOI	10.1097/GOX.0000000000004483
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Article ; Online: Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint.

Nichols, D Spencer / Oberhofer, Haley M / Chim, Harvey

Hand clinics

2022 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 129–139

Abstract: This review discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint. This articulation between the trapezium and first metacarpal is integral for opposition and other complex movements necessary for pinch and grasp maneuvers. ... ...

Abstract	This review discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint. This articulation between the trapezium and first metacarpal is integral for opposition and other complex movements necessary for pinch and grasp maneuvers. Fortunately, this joint is well equipped to handle the extreme forces imposed by these movements, as it is stabilized by an elaborate arrangement of ligaments and muscles. Without this stability, thumb subluxation would occur with loading during pinch and grasp, and human prehension would be impossible. Understanding the interactions occurring within this joint is essential for adequately treating pathology arising in this crucial joint.
MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena ; Carpometacarpal Joints ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones ; Thumb/physiology ; Trapezium Bone/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1315374-2
ISSN	1558-1969 ; 0749-0712
ISSN (online)	1558-1969
ISSN	0749-0712
DOI	10.1016/j.hcl.2021.11.001
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