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Artikel ; Online: A view of hydrogen/hydroxide flux across lipid membranes.

Nichols, J Wylie / Abercrombie, R F

2010 Band 237, Heft 1, Seite(n) 21–30

Abstract: A topic emerging roughly 30 years ago and engendering an incompletely resolved controversy is reviewed in this article: the relatively high permeability and pH independence associated with H(+)/OH(-) passive movements across lipid membranes. We summarize ...

Abstract	A topic emerging roughly 30 years ago and engendering an incompletely resolved controversy is reviewed in this article: the relatively high permeability and pH independence associated with H(+)/OH(-) passive movements across lipid membranes. We summarize the expected characteristics of simple H(+)/OH(-) diffusion and those of a reaction between H(+) and OH(-) being attracted from opposite surfaces and condensing in an interfacial zone of the membrane. An interfacial H(+)/OH(-) reaction mechanism gives the experimentally observed behavior of an H(+)/OH(-) flux that is independent of the pH measurement range. This mechanism assumes that H(+) and OH(-) within the interfacial zone become electrostatically aligned on opposite sides of the hydrophobic membrane core. Electrostatic attraction and charge delocalization among a small cluster of water molecules surrounding the ions reduce the Born energy for H(+)/OH(-) insertion into lipid. This transmembrane condensation model predicts the magnitude of the experimentally determined H(+)/OH(-) flux, which is significantly greater than that of other monovalent ions. The consequences of an elevated H(+)/OH(-) permeability compared to other ions and the relative pH independence of this flux have consequences for understanding the chemical evolution of life.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxides/metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism
Chemische Substanzen	Hydroxides ; Membrane Lipids ; Hydrogen (7YNJ3PO35Z) ; hydroxide ion (9159UV381P)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2010-09-25
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3082-x
ISSN	1432-1424 ; 0022-2631
ISSN (online)	1432-1424
ISSN	0022-2631
DOI	10.1007/s00232-010-9303-0
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Internalization and trafficking of fluorescent-labeled phospholipids in yeast.

Nichols, J Wylie

Seminars in cell & developmental biology

2002 Band 13, Heft 3, Seite(n) 179–184

Abstract: Phospholipid reporter molecules, containing a fluorescent group attached to a short, acyl chain, spontaneously insert into the plasma membrane of yeast cells allowing retrograde trafficking to intracellular organelles as well as their metabolic fates to ... ...

Abstract	Phospholipid reporter molecules, containing a fluorescent group attached to a short, acyl chain, spontaneously insert into the plasma membrane of yeast cells allowing retrograde trafficking to intracellular organelles as well as their metabolic fates to be monitored. This approach provides the framework for determining the dependence of particular phospholipid trafficking and metabolic steps on a wide range of genes known to be required for related membrane transport functions as well as for developing genetic screens to identify novel genes required for these processes. This review presents an overview of insights gained into phospholipid trafficking and metabolism using this approach.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/pharmacology ; Models, Biological ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Temperature ; Time Factors
Chemische Substanzen	Fluorescent Dyes ; Phospholipids
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2002-07-23
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	1312473-0
ISSN	1096-3634 ; 1084-9521
ISSN (online)	1096-3634
ISSN	1084-9521
DOI	10.1016/s1084-9521(02)00046-0
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: The proton electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane of yeast is necessary for phospholipid flip.

Stevens, Haley C / Nichols, J Wylie

The Journal of biological chemistry

2007 Band 282, Heft 24, Seite(n) 17563–17567

Abstract: Recently, two members of the P4 family of P-type ATPases, Dnf1p and Dnf2p, were shown to be necessary for the internalization (flip) of fluorescent, 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl(NBD)-labeled phospholipids across the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces ... ...

Abstract	Recently, two members of the P4 family of P-type ATPases, Dnf1p and Dnf2p, were shown to be necessary for the internalization (flip) of fluorescent, 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl(NBD)-labeled phospholipids across the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the current study, we have demonstrated that ATP hydrolysis is not sufficient for phospholipid flip in the absence of the proton electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. This requirement was demonstrated by two independent means. First, collapse of the plasma membrane proton electrochemical gradient by the protonophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) almost completely blocked NBD-phospholipid flip while only moderately reducing the cytosolic ATP concentration. Second, strains with point mutations in PMA1, which encodes the plasma membrane proton pump that generates the proton electrochemical gradient, are defective in NBD-PC flip, whereas their cytosolic ATP content is actually increased. These results establish that the proton electrochemical gradient is required for NBD-phospholipid flip across the plasma membrane of yeast and raise the question whether it contributes an additional required driving force or whether it functions as a regulatory signal.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Ionophores/metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Protons ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology
Chemische Substanzen	Ionophores ; Membrane Lipids ; Phospholipids ; Protons ; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone (555-60-2) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2007-04-23
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M700454200
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Spontaneous, intervesicular transfer rates of fluorescent, acyl chain-labeled phosphatidylcholine analogs.

Elvington, Shelley M / Nichols, J Wylie

Biochimica et biophysica acta

2007 Band 1768, Heft 3, Seite(n) 502–508

Abstract: It was recently shown that the structure of the fluorophore attached to the acyl chain of phosphatidylcholine analogs determines their mechanism of transport across the plasma membrane of yeast cells (Elvington et al., J. Biol Chem. 280:40957, 2005). In ... ...

Abstract	It was recently shown that the structure of the fluorophore attached to the acyl chain of phosphatidylcholine analogs determines their mechanism of transport across the plasma membrane of yeast cells (Elvington et al., J. Biol Chem. 280:40957, 2005). In order to gain further insight into the physical properties of these fluorescent phosphatidylcholine (PC) analogs, the rate and mechanism of their intervesicular transport was determined. The rate of spontaneous exchange was measured for PC analogs containing either NBD (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl), Bodipy FL (4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene), Bodipy 530 (4,4-difluoro-5,7-diphenyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene), or Bodipy 581 (4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) attached to a five or six carbon acyl chain in the sn-2 position. The rate of transfer between phospholipid vesicles was measured by monitoring the increase in fluorescence as the analogs transferred from donor vesicles containing self-quenching concentrations to unlabeled acceptor vesicles. Kinetic analysis indicated that the transfer of each analog occurred by diffusion through the water phase as opposed to transfer during vesicle collisions. The vesicle-to-monomer dissociation rate constants differed by over four orders of magnitude: NBD-PC (k(dis)=0.115 s(-1); t(1/2)=6.03 s); Bodipy FL-PC (k(dis)=5.2x10(-4); t(1/2)=22.2 min); Bodipy 530-PC (k(dis)=1.52x10(-5); t(1/2)=12.6 h); and Bodipy 581-PC (k(dis)=5.9x10(-6); t(1/2)=32.6 h). The large differences in spontaneous rates of transfer through the water measured for these four fluorescent PC analogs reflect their hydrophobicity and may account for their recognition by different mechanisms of transport across the plasma membrane of yeast.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Azoles ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Fluorometry ; Kinetics ; Molecular Structure ; Nitrobenzenes ; Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism
Chemische Substanzen	7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl ; Azoles ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Nitrobenzenes ; Phosphatidylcholines ; 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (TE895536Y5)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2007-03
Erscheinungsland	Netherlands
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.11.013
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: A View of Hydrogen/Hydroxide Flux Across Lipid Membranes

Nichols, J. Wylie / Abercrombie, R. F

Journal of membrane biology. 2010 Sept., v. 237, no. 1

2010

Abstract: A topic emerging roughly 30 years ago and engendering an incompletely resolved controversy is reviewed in this article: the relatively high permeability and pH independence associated with H⁺/OH⁻ passive movements across lipid membranes. We summarize the ...

Abstract	A topic emerging roughly 30 years ago and engendering an incompletely resolved controversy is reviewed in this article: the relatively high permeability and pH independence associated with H⁺/OH⁻ passive movements across lipid membranes. We summarize the expected characteristics of simple H⁺/OH⁻ diffusion and those of a reaction between H⁺ and OH⁻ being attracted from opposite surfaces and condensing in an interfacial zone of the membrane. An interfacial H⁺/OH⁻ reaction mechanism gives the experimentally observed behavior of an H⁺/OH⁻ flux that is independent of the pH measurement range. This mechanism assumes that H⁺ and OH⁻ within the interfacial zone become electrostatically aligned on opposite sides of the hydrophobic membrane core. Electrostatic attraction and charge delocalization among a small cluster of water molecules surrounding the ions reduce the Born energy for H⁺/OH⁻ insertion into lipid. This transmembrane condensation model predicts the magnitude of the experimentally determined H⁺/OH⁻ flux, which is significantly greater than that of other monovalent ions. The consequences of an elevated H⁺/OH⁻ permeability compared to other ions and the relative pH independence of this flux have consequences for understanding the chemical evolution of life.
Schlagwörter	diffusion
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2010-09
Umfang	p. 21-30.
Verlag	Springer-Verlag
Erscheinungsort	New York
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	3082-x
ISSN	1432-1424 ; 0022-2631
ISSN (online)	1432-1424
ISSN	0022-2631
DOI	10.1007/s00232-010-9303-0
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: The Putative Aminophospholipid Translocases, DNF1 and DNF2, Are Not Required for 7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl-phosphatidylserine Flip across the Plasma Membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Stevens, Haley C / Malone, Lynn / Nichols, J. Wylie

Journal of biological chemistry. 2008 Dec. 12, v. 283, no. 50

2008

Abstract: The regulation of phosphatidylserine (PS) distribution across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells has been implicated in numerous cell functions (e.g. apoptosis and coagulation). In a recent study, fluorescent phospholipids labeled in the acyl chain ... ...

Abstract	The regulation of phosphatidylserine (PS) distribution across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells has been implicated in numerous cell functions (e.g. apoptosis and coagulation). In a recent study, fluorescent phospholipids labeled in the acyl chain with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) were used to identify two members of the P4 subfamily of P-type ATPases, Dnf1p and Dnf2p, that are necessary for the inward-directed transport of phospholipids across the plasma membrane (flip) of yeast ( Pomorski, T., Lombardi, R., Riezman, H., Devaux, P. F., Van Meer, G., and Holthuis, J. C. (2003) Mol. Biol. Cell 14, 1240-1254 ). Herein, we present evidence that the flip of NBD-labeled PS (NBD-PS) across the plasma membrane does not require the expression of Dnf1p or Dnf2p. In strains in which DNF1 and DNF2 are both deleted, the flip of NBD-PS is increased ~2-fold over that of the isogenic parent strain, whereas the flip of NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine and NBD-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine are reduced to ~20 and ~50%, respectively. The mechanism responsible for NBD-PS flip is similar to that for NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine and NBD-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine in its dependence on cellular ATP and the plasma membrane proton electrochemical gradient, as well as its regulation by the transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p. Based on the observation that deletion or inactivation of all four members of the DRS2/DNF essential subfamily of P-type ATPases does not affect NBD-PS flip, we conclude that the activity reflected by NBD-PS internalization is not the essential function of the DRS2/DNF subfamily of P-type ATPases.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2008-1212
Umfang	p. 35060-35069.
Erscheinungsort	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: The putative aminophospholipid translocases, DNF1 and DNF2, are not required for 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl-phosphatidylserine flip across the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Stevens, Haley C / Malone, Lynn / Nichols, J Wylie

The Journal of biological chemistry

2008 Band 283, Heft 50, Seite(n) 35060–35069

Abstract	The regulation of phosphatidylserine (PS) distribution across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells has been implicated in numerous cell functions (e.g. apoptosis and coagulation). In a recent study, fluorescent phospholipids labeled in the acyl chain with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) were used to identify two members of the P4 subfamily of P-type ATPases, Dnf1p and Dnf2p, that are necessary for the inward-directed transport of phospholipids across the plasma membrane (flip) of yeast ( Pomorski, T., Lombardi, R., Riezman, H., Devaux, P. F., Van Meer, G., and Holthuis, J. C. (2003) Mol. Biol. Cell 14, 1240-1254 ). Herein, we present evidence that the flip of NBD-labeled PS (NBD-PS) across the plasma membrane does not require the expression of Dnf1p or Dnf2p. In strains in which DNF1 and DNF2 are both deleted, the flip of NBD-PS is increased approximately 2-fold over that of the isogenic parent strain, whereas the flip of NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine and NBD-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine are reduced to approximately 20 and approximately 50%, respectively. The mechanism responsible for NBD-PS flip is similar to that for NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine and NBD-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine in its dependence on cellular ATP and the plasma membrane proton electrochemical gradient, as well as its regulation by the transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p. Based on the observation that deletion or inactivation of all four members of the DRS2/DNF essential subfamily of P-type ATPases does not affect NBD-PS flip, we conclude that the activity reflected by NBD-PS internalization is not the essential function of the DRS2/DNF subfamily of P-type ATPases.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry ; Alleles ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Phosphatidylserines/chemistry ; Phosphatidylserines/pharmacology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Temperature ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
Chemische Substanzen	ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; PDR1 protein, S cerevisiae ; PDR3 protein, S cerevisiae ; Phosphatidylserines ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Adenosine Triphosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Dnf2 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 3.6.1.3) ; Dnf1 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 7.6.2.1)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2008-10-19
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M802379200
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Fluorescent, acyl chain-labeled phosphatidylcholine analogs reveal novel transport pathways across the plasma membrane of yeast.

Elvington, Shelley M / Bu, Fang / Nichols, J Wylie

The Journal of biological chemistry

2005 Band 280, Heft 49, Seite(n) 40957–40964

Abstract: Acyl chain-labeled NBD-phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC) has been used to identify three gene products (Lem3p, Dnf1p, and Dnf2p) that are required for normal levels of inward-directed phospholipid transport (flip) across the plasma membrane of yeast. Although ...

Abstract	Acyl chain-labeled NBD-phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC) has been used to identify three gene products (Lem3p, Dnf1p, and Dnf2p) that are required for normal levels of inward-directed phospholipid transport (flip) across the plasma membrane of yeast. Although the head group structure of acyl chain-labeled NBD phospholipids has been shown to influence the mechanism of flip across the plasma membrane, the extent to which the acyl chain region and the associated fluorophore affect flip has not been assessed. Given the identification of these proteins required for NBD-PC flip, it is now possible to determine whether the fluorophore attached to a phospholipid acyl chain influences the mechanism of flip. Thus, flip of phosphatidylcholine molecules with three different Bodipy fluorophores (Bodipy FL, Bodipy 530, and Bodipy 581) was tested and compared with that of NBD-PC in strains carrying deletions in LEM3, DNF1, and DNF2. Deletion of these genes significantly reduced the flip of NBD-PC and Bodipy FL-PC but had no effect on that of Bodipy 581-PC and Bodipy 530-PC. These data, in combination with comparisons of the effect of ATP depletion, collapse of the proton electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, and culture density led to the conclusion that at least three different flip pathways exist in yeast that are selective for the structure of the fluorophore attached to the acyl chain of phosphatidylcholine molecules.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan/analogs & derivatives ; 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan/metabolism ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Acylation ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/physiology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analysis ; Adenosine Triphosphate/physiology ; Biological Transport ; Boron Compounds ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Membrane Transport Proteins/physiology ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Proton-Motive Force ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/physiology
Chemische Substanzen	1-acyl-2-(12-((7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl)phosphatidylcholine ; 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Boron Compounds ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Lem3 protein, S cerevisiae ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Adenosine Triphosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Dnf2 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 3.6.1.3) ; Dnf1 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 7.6.2.1) ; 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (EQF2794IRE)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2005-10-04
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M507926200
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine enters the yeast vacuole via the pre-vacuolar compartment.

Hanson, Pamela K / Grant, Althea M / Nichols, J Wylie

Journal of cell science

2002 Band 115, Heft Pt 13, Seite(n) 2725–2733

Abstract: At low temperature, the short-chain fluorescent-labeled phospholipids, 1-myristoyl-2-[6-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) aminocaproyl]-phosphatidylcholine (M-C6-NBD-PC) and its phosphatidylethanolamine analog, M-C6-NBD-PE, are internalized by flip ... ...

Abstract	At low temperature, the short-chain fluorescent-labeled phospholipids, 1-myristoyl-2-[6-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) aminocaproyl]-phosphatidylcholine (M-C6-NBD-PC) and its phosphatidylethanolamine analog, M-C6-NBD-PE, are internalized by flip across the plasma membrane of S. cerevisiae and show similar enrichment in intracellular membranes including the mitochondria and nuclear envelope/ER. At higher temperatures (24-37 degrees C), or if low temperature internalization is followed by warming, M-C6-NBD-PC, but not M-C6-NBD-PE, is trafficked to the lumen of the vacuole. Sorting of M-C6-NBD-PC to the vacuole is blocked by energy-depletion and by null mutations in the VPS4 and VPS28 genes required for vesicular traffic from the pre-vacuolar compartment (PVC) to the vacuole. This sorting is not blocked by a temperature-sensitive mutation in SEC12, which inhibits ER to Golgi transport, a null mutation in VPS8, which inhibits Golgi to PVC transport, or temperature-sensitive and null mutations in END4, which inhibit endocytosis from the plasma membrane. Monomethylation or dimethylation of the primary amine head-group of M-C6-NBD-PE is sufficient for sorting to the yeast vacuole in both wild-type yeast and in strains defective in the phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway. These data indicate that methylation of M-C6-NBD-PE produces the crucial structural component required to sort these phospholipid analogues to the vacuole via the PVC.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan/analogs & derivatives ; 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan/metabolism ; 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan/pharmacology ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Cell Compartmentation/drug effects ; Cell Compartmentation/physiology ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Endocytosis/drug effects ; Endocytosis/physiology ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Intracellular Membranes/drug effects ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Methylation ; Mutation/physiology ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Phosphatidylcholines/pharmacology ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/pharmacology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Temperature ; Transport Vesicles/drug effects ; Transport Vesicles/metabolism ; Vacuoles/drug effects ; Vacuoles/metabolism ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure
Chemische Substanzen	1-acyl-2-(12-((7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl)phosphatidylcholine ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine (64205-19-2) ; 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (EQF2794IRE)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2002-07-01
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2993-2
ISSN	1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
ISSN (online)	1477-9137
ISSN	0021-9533
DOI	10.1242/jcs.115.13.2725
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Lem3p is essential for the uptake and potency of alkylphosphocholine drugs, edelfosine and miltefosine.

Hanson, Pamela K / Malone, Lynn / Birchmore, Jennifer L / Nichols, J Wylie

The Journal of biological chemistry

2003 Band 278, Heft 38, Seite(n) 36041–36050

Abstract: The alkylphosphocholine class of drugs, including edelfosine and miltefosine, has recently shown promise in the treatment of protozoal and fungal diseases, most notably, leishmaniasis. One of the major barriers to successful treatment of these infections ...

Abstract	The alkylphosphocholine class of drugs, including edelfosine and miltefosine, has recently shown promise in the treatment of protozoal and fungal diseases, most notably, leishmaniasis. One of the major barriers to successful treatment of these infections is the development of drug resistance. To understand better the mechanisms underlying the development of drug resistance, we performed a combined mutant selection and screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, designed to identify genes that confer resistance to the alkylphosphocholine drugs by inhibiting their transport across the plasma membrane. Mutagenized cells were first selected for resistance to edelfosine, and the initial collection of mutants was screened a second time for defects in internalization of a short chain, fluorescent (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD))-labeled phosphatidylcholine reporter. This approach identified mutations in a single gene, YNL323W/LEM3, that conferred resistance to alkylphosphocholine drugs and inhibited internalization of NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine. Loss of YNL323W/LEM3 does not confer resistance to N-nitroquinilone N-oxide or ketoconazole and actually increases sensitivity to cycloheximide. The defect in internalization is specific to NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Labeled phosphatidylserine is internalized at normal levels in lem3 strains. LEM3 is a member of an evolutionarily conserved family and has two homologues in S. cerevisiae. Single point mutations that produce resistance to alkylphosphocholine drugs and inhibition of NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine internalization were identified in several highly conserved domains. These data demonstrate a requirement for Lem3p expression for normal phosphatidylcholine and alkylphosphocholine drug transport across the plasma membrane of yeast.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Alleles ; Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology ; Biological Transport ; Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Endocytosis ; Gene Deletion ; Ketoconazole/pharmacology ; Leishmaniasis/drug therapy ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lysophosphatidylcholines/pharmacokinetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry ; Membrane Transport Proteins/physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mutation ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/chemistry ; Phosphatidylserines/chemistry ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Phospholipid Ethers/pharmacokinetics ; Phosphorylcholine/analogs & derivatives ; Phosphorylcholine/pharmacokinetics ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/physiology ; Time Factors
Chemische Substanzen	Antiprotozoal Agents ; Lem3 protein, S cerevisiae ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Phosphatidylserines ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; Phospholipid Ethers ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Phosphorylcholine (107-73-3) ; edelfosine (1Y6SNA8L5S) ; miltefosine (53EY29W7EC) ; Cycloheximide (98600C0908) ; Ketoconazole (R9400W927I)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2003-07-03
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M305263200
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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