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  1. Article: Effects of predators on sea urchin density and habitat use in a southern California kelp forest

    Nichols, Kathryn D / Segui, Leah / Hovel, Kevin A

    Marine biology. 2015 June, v. 162, no. 6

    2015  

    Abstract: Grazing sea urchins can reduce kelp abundance and therefore strongly affect kelp forest community structure. Despite the ecological importance of sea urchins, direct field studies on the role that urchin predators play in shaping urchin populations are ... ...

    Abstract Grazing sea urchins can reduce kelp abundance and therefore strongly affect kelp forest community structure. Despite the ecological importance of sea urchins, direct field studies on the role that urchin predators play in shaping urchin populations are rare for southern California. We conducted surveys and manipulative experiments within kelp forests near San Diego, CA, (32–51′28″N, 117–16′00″W) from 2006 to 2009 to determine whether predators such as sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) and spiny lobsters (Panulirus interruptus) may be linked to purple urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and red urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) distribution and habitat use, as well as purple urchin density-dependent mortality. Purple urchins were less dense and more cryptic inside a local marine protected area (MPA) that contained high predator abundance than in nearby heavily fished areas, whereas red urchins rarely were found outside the MPA. Urchin proportional mortality was inversely density dependent during the day when sheephead were active, despite fish aggregations in plots of high urchin density, but was density independent during the night when lobsters were active. Urchin mortality was reduced under understory algal cover during the day, but not during the night. Examining whether urchin mortality from predation is density dependent and how habitat complexity influences this relationship is imperative because behavioral changes and increases in urchin populations can have vast ecological and economic consequences in kelp forest communities.
    Keywords Panulirus interruptus ; Semicossyphus ; Strongylocentrotus ; behavior change ; community structure ; fish ; forest communities ; grazing ; habitats ; lobsters ; macroalgae ; mortality ; predation ; predators ; surveys ; understory ; California
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-06
    Size p. 1227-1237.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1117-4
    ISSN 1432-1793 ; 0025-3162
    ISSN (online) 1432-1793
    ISSN 0025-3162
    DOI 10.1007/s00227-015-2664-2
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Carbon Dioxide Euthanasia in Conscious and Anesthetized Rats.

    Nichols, Kathryn E / Holliday-White, Kimberly L / Bogie, Heather M / Swearingen, Kim M / Fine, Megan S / Doyle, Jennifer / Tiesma, Scott R

    Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

    2020  Volume 59, Issue 6, Page(s) 742–749

    Abstract: Euthanasia is a necessary component in research and must be conducted humanely. Currently, regulated CO₂ exposure in conscious rats is acceptable, but data are divided on whether CO₂ alone is more distressing than anesthesia prior to CO₂. To evaluate ... ...

    Abstract Euthanasia is a necessary component in research and must be conducted humanely. Currently, regulated CO₂ exposure in conscious rats is acceptable, but data are divided on whether CO₂ alone is more distressing than anesthesia prior to CO₂. To evaluate distress in rats, we compared physiologic responses to CO₂ euthanasia with and without isoflurane preanesthesia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with telemetry devices to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and blood glucose. Animals recovered for 2 wk and were then exposed to either 5% isoflurane (
    MeSH term(s) Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure/drug effects ; Carbon Dioxide/administration & dosage ; Euthanasia, Animal/ethics ; Euthanasia, Animal/methods ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Isoflurane/administration & dosage ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley/physiology ; Telemetry
    Chemical Substances Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Isoflurane (CYS9AKD70P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1559-6109
    ISSN 1559-6109
    DOI 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000166
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Prospectively Identified Incident Testicular Cancer Risk in a Familial Testicular Cancer Cohort.

    Pathak, Anand / Adams, Charleen D / Loud, Jennifer T / Nichols, Kathryn / Stewart, Douglas R / Greene, Mark H

    Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

    2015  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 1614–1621

    Abstract: Background: Human testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) have a strong genetic component and a high familial relative risk. However, linkage analyses have not identified a rare, highly penetrant familial TGCT (FTGCT) susceptibility locus. Currently, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Human testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) have a strong genetic component and a high familial relative risk. However, linkage analyses have not identified a rare, highly penetrant familial TGCT (FTGCT) susceptibility locus. Currently, multiple low-penetrance genes are hypothesized to underlie the familial multiple-case phenotype. The observation that two is the most common number of affected individuals per family presents an impediment to FTGCT gene discovery. Clinically, the prospective TGCT risk in the multiple-case family context is unknown.
    Methods: We performed a prospective analysis of TGCT incidence in a cohort of multiple-affected-person families and sporadic-bilateral-case families; 1,260 men from 140 families (10,207 person-years of follow-up) met our inclusion criteria. Age-, gender-, and calendar time-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for TGCT relative to the general population were calculated using SEER*Stat.
    Results: Eight incident TGCTs occurred during prospective FTGCT cohort follow-up (versus 0.67 expected; SIR = 11.9; 95% CI, 5.1-23.4; excess absolute risk = 7.2/10,000). We demonstrate that the incidence rate of TGCT is greater among bloodline male relatives from multiple-case testicular cancer families than that expected in the general population, a pattern characteristic of adult-onset Mendelian cancer susceptibility disorders. Two of these incident TGCTs occurred in relatives of sporadic-bilateral cases (0.15 expected; SIR = 13.4; 95% CI, 1.6-48.6).
    Conclusions: Our data are the first to indicate that despite relatively low numbers of affected individuals per family, members of both multiple-affected-person FTGCT families and sporadic-bilateral TGCT families comprise high-risk groups for incident testicular cancer.
    Impact: Men at high TGCT risk might benefit from tailored risk stratification and surveillance strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Family ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Maryland/epidemiology ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/epidemiology ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/genetics ; Phenotype ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Factors ; SEER Program ; Testicular Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Testicular Neoplasms/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1153420-5
    ISSN 1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
    ISSN (online) 1538-7755
    ISSN 1055-9965
    DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1240
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Tolerability of breast ductal lavage in women from families at high genetic risk of breast cancer

    Giusti Ruthann / Peters June / Nichols Kathryn / Beckjord Ellen / Loud Jennifer T / Greene Mark H

    BMC Women's Health, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

    2009  Volume 20

    Abstract: Abstract Background Ductal lavage (DL) has been proposed as a minimally-invasive, well-tolerated tool for obtaining breast epithelial cells for cytological evaluation of breast cancer risk. We report DL tolerability in BRCA1/2 mutation-positive and - ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Ductal lavage (DL) has been proposed as a minimally-invasive, well-tolerated tool for obtaining breast epithelial cells for cytological evaluation of breast cancer risk. We report DL tolerability in BRCA1/2 mutation-positive and -negative women from an IRB-approved research study. Methods 165 BRCA1/2 mutation-positive, 26 mutation-negative and 3 mutation unknown women underwent mammography, breast MRI and DL. Psychological well-being and perceptions of pain were obtained before and after DL, and compared with pain experienced during other screening procedures. Results The average anticipated and experienced discomfort rating for DL, 47 and 48 (0–100), were significantly higher ( p < 0.01) than the anticipated and experienced discomfort of mammogram (38 and 34), MRI (36 and 25) or nipple aspiration (42 and 27). Women with greater pre-existing emotional distress experienced more DL-related discomfort than they anticipated. Women reporting DL-related pain as worse than expected were nearly three times more likely to refuse subsequent DL than those reporting it as the same or better than expected. Twenty-five percent of participants refused repeat DL at first annual follow-up. Conclusion DL was anticipated to be and experienced as more uncomfortable than other procedures used in breast cancer screening. Higher underlying psychological distress was associated with decreased DL tolerability.
    Keywords Gynecology and obstetrics ; RG1-991 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Tolerability of breast ductal lavage in women from families at high genetic risk of breast cancer.

    Loud, Jennifer T / Beckjord, Ellen Burke / Nichols, Kathryn / Peters, June / Giusti, Ruthann / Greene, Mark H

    BMC women's health

    2009  Volume 9, Page(s) 20

    Abstract: Background: Ductal lavage (DL) has been proposed as a minimally-invasive, well-tolerated tool for obtaining breast epithelial cells for cytological evaluation of breast cancer risk. We report DL tolerability in BRCA1/2 mutation-positive and -negative ... ...

    Abstract Background: Ductal lavage (DL) has been proposed as a minimally-invasive, well-tolerated tool for obtaining breast epithelial cells for cytological evaluation of breast cancer risk. We report DL tolerability in BRCA1/2 mutation-positive and -negative women from an IRB-approved research study.
    Methods: 165 BRCA1/2 mutation-positive, 26 mutation-negative and 3 mutation unknown women underwent mammography, breast MRI and DL. Psychological well-being and perceptions of pain were obtained before and after DL, and compared with pain experienced during other screening procedures.
    Results: The average anticipated and experienced discomfort rating for DL, 47 and 48 (0-100), were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the anticipated and experienced discomfort of mammogram (38 and 34), MRI (36 and 25) or nipple aspiration (42 and 27). Women with greater pre-existing emotional distress experienced more DL-related discomfort than they anticipated. Women reporting DL-related pain as worse than expected were nearly three times more likely to refuse subsequent DL than those reporting it as the same or better than expected. Twenty-five percent of participants refused repeat DL at first annual follow-up.
    Conclusion: DL was anticipated to be and experienced as more uncomfortable than other procedures used in breast cancer screening. Higher underlying psychological distress was associated with decreased DL tolerability.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Body Fluids/cytology ; Breast/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/psychology ; Cytodiagnosis/methods ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement/methods ; Regression Analysis ; Stress, Psychological/diagnosis ; Stress, Psychological/etiology ; Therapeutic Irrigation
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-07-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ISSN 1472-6874
    ISSN (online) 1472-6874
    DOI 10.1186/1472-6874-9-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Circulating estrogens and estrogens within the breast among postmenopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

    Loud, Jennifer T / Gierach, Gretchen L / Veenstra, Timothy D / Falk, Roni T / Nichols, Kathryn / Guttmann, Allison / Xu, Xia / Greene, Mark H / Gail, Mitchell H

    Breast cancer research and treatment

    2014  Volume 143, Issue 3, Page(s) 517–529

    Abstract: Accurately quantifying parent estrogens (PE) estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) and their metabolites (EM) within breast tissue and serum may permit detailed investigations of their contributions to breast carcinogenesis among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We ... ...

    Abstract Accurately quantifying parent estrogens (PE) estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) and their metabolites (EM) within breast tissue and serum may permit detailed investigations of their contributions to breast carcinogenesis among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We conducted a study of PE/EM in serum, nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), and ductal lavage supernatant (DLS) among postmenopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. PE/EM (conjugated and unconjugated) were measured in paired serum/NAF (n = 22 women) and paired serum/DLS samples (n = 24 women) using quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The relationships between serum and tissue-specific PE/EM were measured using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Conjugated forms of PE/EM constituted the majority of estrogen in serum (88 %), NAF (59 %) and DLS (69 %). PE/EM in NAF and serum were highly correlated [E1 (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001), E2 (r = 0.90, p < 0.0001) and estriol (E3) (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001)] as they were in DLS and serum [E1 (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001; E2 (r = 0.70, p = 0.0001; E3 (r = 0.67, p = 0.0004)]. Analyses of paired total estrogen values for NAF and serum, and DLS and serum yielded ratios of 0.22 (95 % CI 0.19-0.25) and 0.28 (95 % CI 0.24-0.32), respectively. This report is the first to employ LC/MS/MS to quantify PE/EM in novel breast tissue-derived biospecimens (i.e., NAF and DLS). We demonstrate that circulating PE and EM are strongly and positively correlated with tissue-specific PE and EM measured in NAF and DLS among postmenopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. If confirmed, future etiologic studies could utilize the more readily obtainable serum hormone levels as a reliable surrogate measure of exposure at the tissue level.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/blood ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Carcinogenesis/metabolism ; Estradiol/blood ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Estrone/blood ; Estrone/metabolism ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Nipple Aspirate Fluid ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    Chemical Substances BRCA1 Protein ; BRCA1 protein, human ; BRCA2 Protein ; BRCA2 protein, human ; Estrone (2DI9HA706A) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604563-7
    ISSN 1573-7217 ; 0167-6806
    ISSN (online) 1573-7217
    ISSN 0167-6806
    DOI 10.1007/s10549-013-2821-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Relationships between computer-extracted mammographic texture pattern features and BRCA1/2 mutation status: a cross-sectional study.

    Gierach, Gretchen L / Li, Hui / Loud, Jennifer T / Greene, Mark H / Chow, Catherine K / Lan, Li / Prindiville, Sheila A / Eng-Wong, Jennifer / Soballe, Peter W / Giambartolomei, Claudia / Mai, Phuong L / Galbo, Claudia E / Nichols, Kathryn / Calzone, Kathleen A / Olopade, Olufunmilayo I / Gail, Mitchell H / Giger, Maryellen L

    Breast cancer research : BCR

    2014  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 424

    Abstract: Introduction: Mammographic density is similar among women at risk of either sporadic or BRCA1/2-related breast cancer. It has been suggested that digitized mammographic images contain computer-extractable information within the parenchymal pattern, ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Mammographic density is similar among women at risk of either sporadic or BRCA1/2-related breast cancer. It has been suggested that digitized mammographic images contain computer-extractable information within the parenchymal pattern, which may contribute to distinguishing between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers.
    Methods: We compared mammographic texture pattern features in digitized mammograms from women with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 137) versus non-carriers (n = 100). Subjects were stratified into training (107 carriers, 70 non-carriers) and testing (30 carriers, 30 non-carriers) datasets. Masked to mutation status, texture features were extracted from a retro-areolar region-of-interest in each subject's digitized mammogram. Stepwise linear regression analysis of the training dataset identified variables to be included in a radiographic texture analysis (RTA) classifier model aimed at distinguishing BRCA1/2 carriers from non-carriers. The selected features were combined using a Bayesian Artificial Neural Network (BANN) algorithm, which produced a probability score rating the likelihood of each subject's belonging to the mutation-positive group. These probability scores were evaluated in the independent testing dataset to determine whether their distribution differed between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the model's discriminatory capacity.
    Results: In the testing dataset, a one standard deviation (SD) increase in the probability score from the BANN-trained classifier was associated with a two-fold increase in the odds of predicting BRCA1/2 mutation status: unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 2.51, P = 0.02; age-adjusted OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.42, P = 0.03. Additional adjustment for percent mammographic density did little to change the OR. The area under the curve for the BANN-trained classifier to distinguish between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers was 0.68 for features alone and 0.72 for the features plus percent mammographic density.
    Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, unlike percent mammographic density, computer-extracted mammographic texture pattern features are associated with carrying BRCA1/2 mutations. Although still at an early stage, our novel RTA classifier has potential for improving mammographic image interpretation by permitting real-time risk stratification among women undergoing screening mammography.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Breast Density ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Datasets as Topic ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Human/abnormalities ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2015059-3
    ISSN 1465-542X ; 1465-5411
    ISSN (online) 1465-542X
    ISSN 1465-5411
    DOI 10.1186/PREACCEPT-1744229618121391
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Book: Upper Devonian to Upper Mississippian strata of the Antler foreland in the Leppy Hills, easternmost northern Nevada

    Nichols, Kathryn Marion / Silberling, Norman John

    a multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary basins, both ancient and modern

    (Evolution of sedimentary basins - Eastern Great Basin ; U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1988-G)

    1993  

    Author's details by K. M. Nichols and N. J. Silberling
    Series title Evolution of sedimentary basins - Eastern Great Basin
    U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1988-G
    Language English
    Size III, 13 S, Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Publisher United States Gov. Print. Off
    Publishing place Washington
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  9. Book: Upper Devonian to Upper Mississippian strata of the Antler foreland in the Leppy Hills, easternmost northern Nevada

    Nichols, Kathryn Marion / Silberling, Norman John

    a multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary basins, both ancient and modern

    (Evolution of sedimentary basins - Eastern Great Basin ; U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1988-G)

    1993  

    Author's details by K. M. Nichols and N. J. Silberling
    Series title Evolution of sedimentary basins - Eastern Great Basin
    U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1988-G
    Language English
    Size III, 13 S, Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Publisher United States Gov. Print. Off
    Publishing place Washington
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  10. Article: Petrology and depositional setting of Mississippian rocks associated with an anoxic event at Samak, western Uinta Mountains, Utah

    Nichols, Kathryn Maion / Silberling, Norman John

    Petrology and depositional setting of Mississippian rocks associated with an anoxic event at Samak, western Uinta Mountains, Utah, Nichols, Kathryn Marion. - [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Gov. Print. Off.

    1991  

    Document type Article
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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