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  1. Article ; Online: Image-guided radiotherapy in an orthotopic mouse model of rectal cancer.

    Nicolas, Adele M / Pesic, Marina / Rödel, Franz / Fokas, Emmanouil / Greten, Florian R

    STAR protocols

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 101749

    Abstract: Radiobiology research in rectal cancer has been limited to cell lines, patient-derived organoids (PDOs), or xenografts. Here, we describe a protocol which recapitulates more efficiently the complex contributions of the tumor microenvironment. This ... ...

    Abstract Radiobiology research in rectal cancer has been limited to cell lines, patient-derived organoids (PDOs), or xenografts. Here, we describe a protocol which recapitulates more efficiently the complex contributions of the tumor microenvironment. This approach establishes a preclinical mouse model of rectal cancer by intrarectal transplantation of genetically modified organoids into immunocompetent mice followed by precise image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) of organoid-induced tumors. This model represents a useful platform to study the cellular and molecular determinants of therapy resistance in rectal cancer. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nicolas et al. (2022).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided/methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heterografts ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101749
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: ACO/ARO/AIO-21 - Capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy in combination with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra for rectal cancer Patients: A phase I trial of the German rectal cancer study group.

    Fleischmann, Maximilian / Diefenhardt, Markus / Nicolas, Adele M / Rödel, Franz / Ghadimi, Michael / Hofheinz, Ralf-Dieter / Greten, Florian R / Rödel, Claus / Fokas, Emmanouil

    Clinical and translational radiation oncology

    2022  Volume 34, Page(s) 99–106

    Abstract: Purpose: Recent advances in the treatment algorithm of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) have significantly improved complete response (CR) rates and disease-free survival (DFS), but therapy resistance, with its substantial impact on outcomes and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Recent advances in the treatment algorithm of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) have significantly improved complete response (CR) rates and disease-free survival (DFS), but therapy resistance, with its substantial impact on outcomes and survival, remains a major challenge. Our group has recently unraveled a critical role of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) signaling in activating inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) and mediating radiation-induced senescence, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, and ultimately therapy resistance. We here summarize the recently initiated ACO/ARO/AIO-21 phase I trial, testing the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA) anakinra in combination with fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for advanced rectal cancer.
    Methods/design: The ACO/ARO/AIO-21 is an investigator-driven, prospective, open-labeled phase I drug-repurposing trial assessing the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of capecitabine administered concurrently to standard preoperative radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions followed by 9 Gy boost in 5 fractions) in combination with fixed doses of the IL1-RA anakinra (100 mg, days -10 to 30). Capecitabine will be administered using a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design (500 mg/m
    Discussion: Based on extensive preclinical research, the ACO/ARO/AIO-21 phase I trial will assess whether the IL-1RA anakinra can be safely combined with fluoropyrimidine-based CRT in rectal cancer. It will further explore the potential of IL-1 inhibition to overcome therapy resistance and improve response rates. A comprehensive translational research program will expand our understanding from a clinical perspective and may help translate the results into a randomized phase II trial.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-06
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2405-6308
    ISSN (online) 2405-6308
    DOI 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.04.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Combining ferroptosis induction with MDSC blockade renders primary tumours and metastases in liver sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade.

    Conche, Claire / Finkelmeier, Fabian / Pešić, Marina / Nicolas, Adele M / Böttger, Tim W / Kennel, Kilian B / Denk, Dominic / Ceteci, Fatih / Mohs, Kathleen / Engel, Esther / Canli, Özge / Dabiri, Yasamin / Peiffer, Kai-Henrik / Zeuzem, Stefan / Salinas, Gabriela / Longerich, Thomas / Yang, Huan / Greten, Florian R

    Gut

    2023  Volume 72, Issue 9, Page(s) 1774–1782

    Abstract: Objective: Investigating the effect of ferroptosis in the tumour microenvironment to identify combinatory therapy for liver cancer treatment.: Design: Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which is considered the master regulator of ferroptosis, was ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Investigating the effect of ferroptosis in the tumour microenvironment to identify combinatory therapy for liver cancer treatment.
    Design: Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which is considered the master regulator of ferroptosis, was genetically altered in murine models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) to analyse the effect of ferroptosis on tumour cells and the immune tumour microenvironment. The findings served as foundation for the identification of additional targets for combine therapy with ferroptotic inducer in the treatment of HCC and liver metastasis.
    Results: Surprisingly, hepatocyte-restricted GPx4 loss does not suppress hepatocellular tumourigenesis. Instead, GPx4-associated ferroptotic hepatocyte death causes a tumour suppressive immune response characterised by a CXCL10-dependent infiltration of cytotoxic CD8
    Conclusion: Our data highlight a context-specific ferroptosis-induced immune response that could be therapeutically exploited for the treatment of primary liver tumours and liver metastases.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells ; HMGB1 Protein/therapeutic use ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Ferroptosis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; HMGB1 Protein ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80128-8
    ISSN 1468-3288 ; 0017-5749
    ISSN (online) 1468-3288
    ISSN 0017-5749
    DOI 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327909
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A Wnt-Induced Phenotypic Switch in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Inhibits EMT in Colorectal Cancer.

    Mosa, Mohammed H / Michels, Birgitta E / Menche, Constantin / Nicolas, Adele M / Darvishi, Tahmineh / Greten, Florian R / Farin, Henner F

    Cancer research

    2020  Volume 80, Issue 24, Page(s) 5569–5582

    Abstract: Tumor progression is recognized as a result of an evolving cross-talk between tumor cells and their surrounding nontransformed stroma. Although Wnt signaling has been intensively studied in colorectal cancer, it remains unclear whether activity in the ... ...

    Abstract Tumor progression is recognized as a result of an evolving cross-talk between tumor cells and their surrounding nontransformed stroma. Although Wnt signaling has been intensively studied in colorectal cancer, it remains unclear whether activity in the tumor-associated stroma contributes to malignancy. To specifically interfere with stromal signals, we generated Wnt-independent tumor organoids that secrete the Wnt antagonist Sfrp1. Subcutaneous transplantation into immunocompetent as well as immunodeficient mice resulted in a strong reduction of tumor growth. Histologic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that Sfrp1 induced an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in tumor cells without affecting tumor-intrinsic Wnt signaling, suggesting involvement of nonimmune stromal cells. Blockage of canonical signaling using Sfrp1, Dkk1, or fibroblast-specific genetic ablation of β-catenin strongly decreased the number of cancer-associated myofibroblasts (myCAF). Wnt activity in CAFs was linked with distinct subtypes, where low and high levels induced an inflammatory-like CAF (iCAF) subtype or contractile myCAFs, respectively. Coculture of tumor organoids with iCAFs resulted in significant upregulation of EMT markers, while myCAFs reverted this phenotype. In summary, we show that tumor growth and malignancy are differentially regulated via distinct fibroblast subtypes under the influence of juxtacrine Wnt signals. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides evidence for Wnt-induced functional diversity of colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts, representing a non-cell autonomous mechanism for colon cancer progression. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/24/5569/F1.large.jpg.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Cell Survival/genetics ; Coculture Techniques ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Disease Progression ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Organoids/metabolism ; Organoids/transplantation ; Phenotype ; Transduction, Genetic ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics ; Wnt3 Protein/genetics ; Wnt3 Protein/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Culture Media, Conditioned ; Membrane Proteins ; Sfrp1 protein, mouse ; Wnt3 Protein ; Wnt3 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1432-1
    ISSN 1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
    ISSN (online) 1538-7445
    ISSN 0008-5472
    DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-0263
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Expansion of T memory stem cells with superior anti-tumor immunity by Urolithin A-induced mitophagy.

    Denk, Dominic / Petrocelli, Valentina / Conche, Claire / Drachsler, Moritz / Ziegler, Paul K / Braun, Angela / Kress, Alena / Nicolas, Adele M / Mohs, Kathleen / Becker, Christoph / Neurath, Markus F / Farin, Henner F / Buchholz, Christian J / Andreux, Pénélope A / Rinsch, Chris / Greten, Florian R

    Immunity

    2022  Volume 55, Issue 11, Page(s) 2059–2073.e8

    Abstract: T memory stem cells ( ... ...

    Abstract T memory stem cells (T
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Mitophagy ; Coumarins/pharmacology ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Stem Cells ; Immunologic Memory
    Chemical Substances 3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one (1143-70-0) ; Coumarins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1217235-2
    ISSN 1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
    ISSN (online) 1097-4180
    ISSN 1074-7613
    DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Inflammatory fibroblasts mediate resistance to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer.

    Nicolas, Adele M / Pesic, Marina / Engel, Esther / Ziegler, Paul K / Diefenhardt, Markus / Kennel, Kilian B / Buettner, Florian / Conche, Claire / Petrocelli, Valentina / Elwakeel, Eiman / Weigert, Andreas / Zinoveva, Anna / Fleischmann, Maximilian / Häupl, Björn / Karakütük, Cem / Bohnenberger, Hanibal / Mosa, Mohammed H / Kaderali, Lars / Gaedcke, Jochen /
    Ghadimi, Michael / Rödel, Franz / Arkan, Melek C / Oellerich, Thomas / Rödel, Claus / Fokas, Emmanouil / Greten, Florian R

    Cancer cell

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 2, Page(s) 168–184.e13

    Abstract: Standard cancer therapy targets tumor cells without considering possible damage on the tumor microenvironment that could impair therapy response. In rectal cancer patients we find that inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) are associated ... ...

    Abstract Standard cancer therapy targets tumor cells without considering possible damage on the tumor microenvironment that could impair therapy response. In rectal cancer patients we find that inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) are associated with poor chemoradiotherapy response. Employing a murine rectal cancer model or patient-derived tumor organoids and primary stroma cells, we show that, upon irradiation, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) not only polarizes cancer-associated fibroblasts toward the inflammatory phenotype but also triggers oxidative DNA damage, thereby predisposing iCAFs to p53-mediated therapy-induced senescence, which in turn results in chemoradiotherapy resistance and disease progression. Consistently, IL-1 inhibition, prevention of iCAFs senescence, or senolytic therapy sensitizes mice to irradiation, while lower IL-1 receptor antagonist serum levels in rectal patients correlate with poor prognosis. Collectively, we unravel a critical role for iCAFs in rectal cancer therapy resistance and identify IL-1 signaling as an attractive target for stroma-repolarization and prevention of cancer-associated fibroblasts senescence.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cellular Senescence/drug effects ; Cellular Senescence/genetics ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heterografts ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Mice ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Prognosis ; Rectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Rectal Neoplasms/etiology ; Rectal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2078448-X
    ISSN 1878-3686 ; 1535-6108
    ISSN (online) 1878-3686
    ISSN 1535-6108
    DOI 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Disruption of Prostaglandin E2 Signaling in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Limits Mammary Carcinoma Growth but Promotes Metastasis.

    Elwakeel, Eiman / Brüggemann, Mirko / Wagih, Jessica / Lityagina, Olga / Elewa, Mohammed A F / Han, Yingying / Frömel, Timo / Popp, Rüdiger / Nicolas, Adele M / Schreiber, Yannick / Gradhand, Elise / Thomas, Dominique / Nüsing, Rolf / Steinmetz-Späh, Julia / Savai, Rajkumar / Fokas, Emmanouil / Fleming, Ingrid / Greten, Florian R / Zarnack, Kathi /
    Brüne, Bernhard / Weigert, Andreas

    Cancer research

    2022  Volume 82, Issue 7, Page(s) 1380–1395

    Abstract: The activation and differentiation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are involved in tumor progression. Here, we show that the tumor-promoting lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a paradoxical role in CAF activation and tumor progression. ... ...

    Abstract The activation and differentiation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are involved in tumor progression. Here, we show that the tumor-promoting lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a paradoxical role in CAF activation and tumor progression. Restricting PGE2 signaling via knockout of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in PyMT mice or of the prostanoid E receptor 3 (EP3) in CAFs stunted mammary carcinoma growth associated with strong CAF proliferation. CAF proliferation upon EP3 inhibition required p38 MAPK signaling. Mechanistically, TGFβ-activated kinase-like protein (TAK1L), which was identified as a negative regulator of p38 MAPK activation, was decreased following ablation of mPGES-1 or EP3. In contrast with its effects on primary tumor growth, disruption of PGE2 signaling in CAFs induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer organoids and promoted metastasis in mice. Moreover, TAK1L expression in CAFs was associated with decreased CAF activation, reduced metastasis, and prolonged survival in human breast cancer. These data characterize a new pathway of regulating inflammatory CAF activation, which affects breast cancer progression.
    Significance: The inflammatory lipid prostaglandin E2 suppresses cancer-associated fibroblast expansion and activation to limit primary mammary tumor growth while promoting metastasis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Carcinoma/pathology ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Prostaglandin-E Synthases/genetics ; Prostaglandin-E Synthases/metabolism ; Prostaglandin-E Synthases/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Prostaglandin-E Synthases (EC 5.3.99.3) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1432-1
    ISSN 1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
    ISSN (online) 1538-7445
    ISSN 0008-5472
    DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-2116
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  8. Article ; Online: Colon tumour cell death causes mTOR dependence by paracrine P2X4 stimulation.

    Schmitt, Mark / Ceteci, Fatih / Gupta, Jalaj / Pesic, Marina / Böttger, Tim W / Nicolas, Adele M / Kennel, Kilian B / Engel, Esther / Schewe, Matthias / Callak Kirisözü, Asude / Petrocelli, Valentina / Dabiri, Yasamin / Varga, Julia / Ramakrishnan, Mallika / Karimova, Madina / Ablasser, Andrea / Sato, Toshiro / Arkan, Melek C / de Sauvage, Frederic J /
    Greten, Florian R

    Nature

    2022  Volume 612, Issue 7939, Page(s) 347–353

    Abstract: Solid cancers exhibit a dynamic balance between cell death and proliferation ensuring continuous tumour maintenance and ... ...

    Abstract Solid cancers exhibit a dynamic balance between cell death and proliferation ensuring continuous tumour maintenance and growth
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Cause of Death ; Organoids ; Cell Death ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Tumor Microenvironment ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
    Chemical Substances Reactive Oxygen Species ; MTOR protein, human (EC 2.7.1.1) ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-022-05426-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Myeloid Cell-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Induce Epithelial Mutagenesis.

    Canli, Özge / Nicolas, Adele M / Gupta, Jalaj / Finkelmeier, Fabian / Goncharova, Olga / Pesic, Marina / Neumann, Tobias / Horst, David / Löwer, Martin / Sahin, Ugur / Greten, Florian R

    Cancer cell

    2017  Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 869–883.e5

    Abstract: Increased oxidative stress has been suggested to initiate and promote tumorigenesis by inducing DNA damage and to suppress tumor development by triggering apoptosis and senescence. The contribution of individual cell types in the tumor microenvironment ... ...

    Abstract Increased oxidative stress has been suggested to initiate and promote tumorigenesis by inducing DNA damage and to suppress tumor development by triggering apoptosis and senescence. The contribution of individual cell types in the tumor microenvironment to these contrasting effects remains poorly understood. We provide evidence that during intestinal tumorigenesis, myeloid cell-derived H
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; DNA Damage/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/pathology ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutagenesis/physiology ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cells/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Reactive Oxygen Species ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2078448-X
    ISSN 1878-3686 ; 1535-6108
    ISSN (online) 1878-3686
    ISSN 1535-6108
    DOI 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.004
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