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  1. Article ; Online: Recent advances in Alzheimer disease genetics.

    Nicolas, Gaël

    Current opinion in neurology

    2024  Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 154–165

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Genetics studies provide important insights into Alzheimer disease (AD) etiology and mechanisms. Critical advances have been made recently, mainly thanks to the access to novel techniques and larger studies.: Recent findings: In ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Genetics studies provide important insights into Alzheimer disease (AD) etiology and mechanisms. Critical advances have been made recently, mainly thanks to the access to novel techniques and larger studies.
    Recent findings: In monogenic AD, progress has been made with a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with pathogenic variants and the input of clinical studies in presymptomatic individuals. In complex AD, increasing sample sizes in both DNA chip-based (genome-wide association studies, GWAS) and exome/genome sequencing case-control studies unveiled novel common and rare risk factors, while the understanding of their combined effect starts to suggest the existence of rare families with oligogenic inheritance of early-onset, nonmonogenic, AD.
    Summary: Most genetic risk factors with a known consequence designate the aggregation of the Aβ peptide as a core etiological factor in complex AD thus confirming that the research based on monogenic AD - where the amyloid cascade seems more straightforward - is relevant to complex AD as well. Novel mechanistic insights and risk factor studies unveiling novel factors and attempting to combine the effect of common and rare variants will offer promising perspectives for future AD prevention, at least regarding early-onset AD, and probably in case of later onset as well.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1182686-1
    ISSN 1473-6551 ; 1350-7540
    ISSN (online) 1473-6551
    ISSN 1350-7540
    DOI 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001242
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Association of Pick's disease with the MAPT H2 haplotype.

    Nicolas, Gaël

    The Lancet. Neurology

    2024  Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 451–453

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pick Disease of the Brain/complications ; Haplotypes ; Dementia/complications ; Brain ; tau Proteins
    Chemical Substances tau Proteins ; MAPT protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2081241-3
    ISSN 1474-4465 ; 1474-4422
    ISSN (online) 1474-4465
    ISSN 1474-4422
    DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00123-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: One Train May Hide Another: Two Cases of Co-Occurring Primary Familial Brain Calcification and Alzheimer's Disease.

    Timmi, Andrea / Morin, Alexandre / Guillin, Olivier / Nicolas, Gaël

    Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN

    2024  Volume 74, Issue 1, Page(s) 2

    Abstract: Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare disorder that can manifest with a wide spectrum of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms or even remain asymptomatic. Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common condition that typically starts as a ... ...

    Abstract Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare disorder that can manifest with a wide spectrum of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms or even remain asymptomatic. Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common condition that typically starts as a progressive amnestic disorder and progresses to major cognitive impairment. Accurately attributing an etiology to cognitive impairment can sometimes be challenging, especially when multiple pathologies with potentially overlapping symptomatology contribute to the clinical phenotype. Here, we present the case of two patients with autosomal dominant PFBC and non-monogenic AD. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker analysis combined with genetic testing permitted the dual diagnosis. We emphasize the importance of thoroughly characterizing the patient's phenotype at onset and during the follow-up. Particular attention is placed on psychiatric symptoms given that both patients had a history of mood disorder, a frequent condition in the general population and in neurological diseases. We also discuss and challenge the paradigm of seeking a single diagnosis explaining all symptoms, remembering the possibility of a rare disease co-occurring with a common one.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Genetic Testing ; Phenotype ; Rare Diseases ; Brain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1043392-2
    ISSN 1559-1166 ; 0895-8696
    ISSN (online) 1559-1166
    ISSN 0895-8696
    DOI 10.1007/s12031-023-02184-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: État des lieux des connaissances et des outils en génomique.

    Nicolas, Gaël

    Medecine sciences : M/S

    2018  Volume 34 Hors série n°1, Page(s) 37–39

    Title translation State of play of knowledge and of technologies in the field of genomics.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Genome, Human ; Genomics/methods ; Genomics/trends ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Inventions/trends ; Knowledge ; Male ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Language French
    Publishing date 2018-06-18
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632733-3
    ISSN 1958-5381 ; 0767-0974
    ISSN (online) 1958-5381
    ISSN 0767-0974
    DOI 10.1051/medsci/201834s120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: SorLA Protective Function Is Restored by Improving SorLA Protein Maturation in a Subset of Alzheimer's Disease-Associated SORL1 Missense Variants.

    Miguel, Laetitia / Gervais, Juliette / Nicolas, Gaël / Lecourtois, Magalie

    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

    2023  Volume 94, Issue 4, Page(s) 1343–1349

    Abstract: SORL1 loss of function is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk through increased Aβ peptide secretion. We expressed 10 maturation-defective rare missense SORL1 variants in HEK cells and showed that decreasing growing temperature led to a ... ...

    Abstract SORL1 loss of function is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk through increased Aβ peptide secretion. We expressed 10 maturation-defective rare missense SORL1 variants in HEK cells and showed that decreasing growing temperature led to a significant increase in the maturation of the encoded protein SorLA for 6/10. In edited hiPSC carrying two of these variants, maturation of the protein was restored partially by decreasing the culture temperature and was associated with concomitant decrease in Aβ secretion. Correcting SorLA maturation in the context of maturation-defective missense variants could thus be a relevant strategy to improve SorLA protective function against AD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/genetics ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation, Missense ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Membrane Transport Proteins
    Chemical Substances LDL-Receptor Related Proteins ; SORL1 protein, human ; Membrane Transport Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1440127-7
    ISSN 1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
    ISSN (online) 1875-8908
    ISSN 1387-2877
    DOI 10.3233/JAD-230211
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Deciphering the Chemical Lexicon of Host-Gut Microbiota Interactions.

    Nicolas, Gael R / Chang, Pamela V

    Trends in pharmacological sciences

    2019  Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s) 430–445

    Abstract: The human intestine harbors an immense, diverse, and critical population of bacteria that has effects on numerous aspects of host physiology, immunity, and disease. Emerging evidence suggests that many of the interactions between the host and the gut ... ...

    Abstract The human intestine harbors an immense, diverse, and critical population of bacteria that has effects on numerous aspects of host physiology, immunity, and disease. Emerging evidence suggests that many of the interactions between the host and the gut microbiota are mediated via the microbial metabolome, or the collection of small-molecule metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria. This review summarizes findings from recent work by focusing on different classes of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and their effects in modulating host health and disease. These metabolites ultimately serve as a form of communication between the gut microbiome and the host, and a better understanding of this chemical language could potentially lead to novel strategies for treating a wide variety of human disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/physiology ; Humans ; Immune System/physiology ; Metabolome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 282846-7
    ISSN 1873-3735 ; 0165-6147
    ISSN (online) 1873-3735
    ISSN 0165-6147
    DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The role of de novo mutations in adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders.

    Nicolas, Gaël / Veltman, Joris A

    Acta neuropathologica

    2018  Volume 137, Issue 2, Page(s) 183–207

    Abstract: The genetic underpinnings of the most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders (AOND) are complex in majority of the cases. In some families, however, the disease can be inherited in a Mendelian fashion as an autosomal-dominant trait. Next to that, ...

    Abstract The genetic underpinnings of the most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders (AOND) are complex in majority of the cases. In some families, however, the disease can be inherited in a Mendelian fashion as an autosomal-dominant trait. Next to that, patients carrying mutations in the same disease genes have been reported despite a negative family history. Although challenging to demonstrate due to the late onset of the disease in most cases, the occurrence of de novo mutations can explain this sporadic presentation, as demonstrated for severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Exome or genome sequencing of patient-parent trios allows a hypothesis-free study of the role of de novo mutations in AOND and the discovery of novel disease genes. Another hypothesis that may explain a proportion of sporadic AOND cases is the occurrence of a de novo mutation after the fertilization of the oocyte (post-zygotic mutation) or even as a late-somatic mutation, restricted to the brain. Such somatic mutation hypothesis, that can be tested with the use of novel sequencing technologies, is fully compatible with the seeding and spreading mechanisms of the pathological proteins identified in most of these disorders. We review here the current knowledge and future perspectives on de novo mutations in known and novel candidate genes identified in the most common AONDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum and Prion disorders. Also, we review the first lessons learned from recent genomic studies of control and diseased brains and the challenges which remain to be addressed.
    MeSH term(s) Age of Onset ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation/genetics ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics ; Parkinson Disease/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1079-0
    ISSN 1432-0533 ; 0001-6322
    ISSN (online) 1432-0533
    ISSN 0001-6322
    DOI 10.1007/s00401-018-1939-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Iron deficiency markers in patients undergoing iron replacement therapy: a 9-year retrospective real-world evidence study using healthcare databases.

    Cacoub, Patrice / Nicolas, Gael / Peoc'h, Katell

    Scientific reports

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 14983

    Abstract: The diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency is a primary public health goal. This study aimed to make an inventory of the use of biomarkers to assess the iron supply in patients given iron replacement therapy. A retrospective longitudinal real-world ... ...

    Abstract The diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency is a primary public health goal. This study aimed to make an inventory of the use of biomarkers to assess the iron supply in patients given iron replacement therapy. A retrospective longitudinal real-world study of a cohort of patients receiving iron replacement therapy was conducted using data from healthcare coverage databases between January 2006 and December 2015 in France. The frequency of oral or intravenous iron treatment episodes preceded and/or followed by a biological assessment of iron deficiency was described. We then differentiate patients with or without chronic inflammatory diseases, which could impact the prescription. The evolution between 2006 and 2015 was also studied. The 96,724 patients received an average of 4.9 administrations of iron per patient, corresponding to 1.7 treatment episodes. In one-third of treatment episodes (34.6%), patients had a pre-treatment biological assessment, 15.5% a post-treatment assessment, and 7.3% both. The post-treatment measure of iron supply markers (i.e., Ferritin and transferrin saturation) was more frequent in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases than in those without underlying chronic condition (22.6% to 41.0% vs. 3.1%; p < 0.0001). Serum ferritin was measured 30 times more than transferrin saturation measurements. The use of both tests increased steadily during the study period, although remaining low. Despite the recommendations, biological assessments of iron status are seldom prescribed and/or performed in the context of a pre- or post-treatment assessment, although more frequently realized in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; Chronic Disease ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Ferritins/blood ; France/epidemiology ; Hematinics/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Inflammation/blood ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/epidemiology ; Iron/administration & dosage ; Iron/blood ; Iron/deficiency ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Transferrin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Hematinics ; Transferrin ; Ferritins (9007-73-2) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-72057-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Mieux dépister la carence martiale pour mieux la traiter, un objectif réaliste.

    Peoc'h, Katell / Nicolas, Gaël / Cacoub, Patrice

    Annales de biologie clinique

    2020  Volume 78, Issue 6, Page(s) 589–591

    Title translation Better detect iron deficiency to treat it better, a realistic goal.
    MeSH term(s) Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/therapy ; Goals ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Iron ; Motivation
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
    Language French
    Publishing date 2020-11-22
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 418098-7
    ISSN 1950-6112 ; 0003-3898
    ISSN (online) 1950-6112
    ISSN 0003-3898
    DOI 10.1684/abc.2020.1605
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Reply: Primary brain calcification due to a homozygous MYORG mutation causing isolated paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.

    Nicolas, Gaël / Grangeon, Lou / Wallon, David

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2020  Volume 143, Issue 5, Page(s) e37

    MeSH term(s) Basal Ganglia Diseases ; Brain ; Dystonia ; Humans ; Mutation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awaa087
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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