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  1. Article ; Online: Vascular burden and genetic risk in association with cognitive performance and dementia in a population-based study

    Marios K. Georgakis / Eva Ntanasi / Alfredo Ramirez / Benjamin Grenier-Boley / Jean-Charles Lambert / Paraskevi Sakka / Mary Yannakoulia / Mary H. Kosmidis / Efthimios Dardiotis / Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou / Sokratis Charissis / Niki Mourtzi / Alexandros Hatzimanolis / Nikolaos Scarmeas

    Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 100145- (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Background and purpose: Vascular risk factors may influence cognitive function and thus represent possible targets for preventive approaches against dementia. Yet it remains unknown, if they associate with cognition independently of the individual ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Vascular risk factors may influence cognitive function and thus represent possible targets for preventive approaches against dementia. Yet it remains unknown, if they associate with cognition independently of the individual genetic risk for dementia. Methods: In a population-based study of 1172 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in Greece, we constructed a vascular burden score (VBS; based on presence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease, range 0–5) and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for clinically-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on 23 genetic variants. We then explored in joint models the associations of the PRS for AD and VBS with global cognitive performance, cognitive performance across multiple cognitive domains, and odds of dementia. Results: The mean age of study participants was 73.9 ± 5.2 years (57.1% females). Both the PRS for AD and VBS were associated with worse global cognitive performance (beta per-SD-increment in PRS: -0.06, 95%CI: -0.10 to -0.02, beta per-point-increment in VBS: -0.05, 95%CI: -0.09 to -0.02), worse performance across individual cognitive domains (memory, executive function, attention, language, visuospatial ability), and higher odds of dementia (OR per-SD increment in PRS: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.17–2.09, OR per-point increment in VBS: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.05–1.81). There was no evidence of an interaction between the two scores. Higher VBS was associated with worse cognitive performance equally across tertiles of the PRS for AD, even among individuals at the highest tertile. Conclusions: Both genetic risk and vascular burden are independently and additively associated with worse cognitive performance and higher odds of dementia.
    Keywords Genetics ; Cardiovascular prevention ; Vascular risk factors ; Dementia ; Cognitive decline ; Population-based studies ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Data from a cross-sectional study on Apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) and snoring/sleep apnea in non-demented older adults

    Angeliki Tsapanou / Nikolaos Scarmeas / Yian Gu / Jennifer Manly / Nicole Schupf / Yaakov Stern / Sandra Barral

    Data in Brief, Vol 5, Iss C, Pp 351-

    2015  Volume 353

    Abstract: In the present data, we provide the details of the cross-sectional study, from the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP) that examined the association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) and snoring/sleep apnea. A total of 1944 non- ... ...

    Abstract In the present data, we provide the details of the cross-sectional study, from the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP) that examined the association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) and snoring/sleep apnea. A total of 1944 non-demented older adults constituted our sample. Sleep dysfunction was measured using sleep categories derived from the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale. Stratified analyses were conducted in order to examine the association between APOE-ε4 and sleep variables by ethnic group. For further analyses and enhanced discussion, see “Examining the association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and self-reported sleep disturbances in non-demented older adults” by Tsapanou et al. (2015) [1].
    Keywords Apolipoprotein E ; Snoring ; Sleep apnea ; Elderly ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Translational research on reserve against neurodegenerative disease

    Robert Perneczky / Gerd Kempermann / Amos D. Korczyn / Fiona E. Matthews / M. Arfan Ikram / Nikolaos Scarmeas / Gael Chetelat / Yaakov Stern / Michael Ewers

    BMC Medicine, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    consensus report of the International Conference on Cognitive Reserve in the Dementias and the Alzheimer’s Association Reserve, Resilience and Protective Factors Professional Interest Area working groups

    2019  Volume 15

    Abstract: Abstract Background The concept of reserve was established to account for the observation that a given degree of neurodegenerative pathology may result in varying degrees of symptoms in different individuals. There is a large amount of evidence on ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The concept of reserve was established to account for the observation that a given degree of neurodegenerative pathology may result in varying degrees of symptoms in different individuals. There is a large amount of evidence on epidemiological risk and protective factors for neurodegenerative diseases and dementia, yet the biological mechanisms that underpin the protective effects of certain lifestyle and physiological variables remain poorly understood, limiting the development of more effective preventive and treatment strategies. Additionally, different definitions and concepts of reserve exist, which hampers the coordination of research and comparison of results across studies. Discussion This paper represents the consensus of a multidisciplinary group of experts from different areas of research related to reserve, including clinical, epidemiological and basic sciences. The consensus was developed during meetings of the working groups of the first International Conference on Cognitive Reserve in the Dementias (24–25 November 2017, Munich, Germany) and the Alzheimer’s Association Reserve and Resilience Professional Interest Area (25 July 2018, Chicago, USA). The main objective of the present paper is to develop a translational perspective on putative mechanisms underlying reserve against neurodegenerative disease, combining evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies with knowledge from animal and basic research. The potential brain functional and structural basis of reserve in Alzheimer’s disease and other brain disorders are discussed, as well as relevant lifestyle and genetic factors assessed in both humans and animal models. Conclusion There is an urgent need to advance our concept of reserve from a hypothetical model to a more concrete approach that can be used to improve the development of effective interventions aimed at preventing dementia. Our group recommends agreement on a common dictionary of terms referring to different aspects of reserve, the improvement of ...
    Keywords Alzheimer’s disease ; Parkinson’s disease ; neuroimaging ; biomarkers ; risk factors ; animal models ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Serum IgG antibody levels to periodontal microbiota are associated with incident Alzheimer disease.

    James M Noble / Nikolaos Scarmeas / Romanita S Celenti / Mitchell S V Elkind / Clinton B Wright / Nicole Schupf / Panos N Papapanou

    PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 12, p e

    2014  Volume 114959

    Abstract: Periodontitis and Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with systemic inflammation. This research studied serum IgG to periodontal microbiota as possible predictors of incident AD.Using a case-cohort study design, 219 subjects (110 incident AD cases and ... ...

    Abstract Periodontitis and Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with systemic inflammation. This research studied serum IgG to periodontal microbiota as possible predictors of incident AD.Using a case-cohort study design, 219 subjects (110 incident AD cases and 109 controls without incident cognitive impairment at last follow-up), matched on race-ethnicity, were drawn from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), a cohort of longitudinally followed northern Manhattan residents aged >65 years. Mean follow-up was five years (SD 2.6). In baseline sera, serum IgG levels were determined for bacteria known to be positively or negatively associated with periodontitis (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, and Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies-2). In all analyses, we used antibody threshold levels shown to correlate with presence of moderate-severe periodontitis.Mean age was 72 years (SD 6.9) for controls, and 79 years (SD 4.6) for cases (p<0.001). Non-Hispanic Whites comprised 26%, non-Hispanic Blacks 27%, and Hispanics 48% of the sample. In a model adjusting for baseline age, sex, education, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, prior history of stroke, and apolipoprotein E genotype, high anti-A. naeslundii titer (>640 ng/ml, present in 10% of subjects) was associated with increased risk of AD (HR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1-3.8). This association was stronger after adjusting for other significant titers (HR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.5-6.4). In this model, high anti-E. nodatum IgG (>1755 ng/ml; 19% of subjects) was associated with lower risk of AD (HR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.2-0.9).Serum IgG levels to common periodontal microbiota are associated with risk for developing incident AD.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Mediterranean diet and cognitive health

    Costas A Anastasiou / Mary Yannakoulia / Mary H Kosmidis / Efthimios Dardiotis / Giorgos M Hadjigeorgiou / Paraskevi Sakka / Xanthi Arampatzi / Anastasia Bougea / Ioannis Labropoulos / Nikolaos Scarmeas

    PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 8, p e

    Initial results from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Ageing and Diet.

    2017  Volume 0182048

    Abstract: The Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with a decreased risk of many degenerative diseases and cognitive function in particular; however, relevant information from Mediterranean regions, where the prototype Mediterranean diet is typically ... ...

    Abstract The Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with a decreased risk of many degenerative diseases and cognitive function in particular; however, relevant information from Mediterranean regions, where the prototype Mediterranean diet is typically adhered to, have been very limited. Additionally, predefined Mediterranean diet (MeDi) scores with use of a priori cut-offs have been used very rarely, limiting comparisons between different populations and thus external validity of the associations. Finally, associations between individual components of MeDi (i.e., food groups, macronutrients) and particular aspects of cognitive performance have rarely been explored. We evaluated the association of adherence to an a priori defined Mediterranean dietary pattern and its components with dementia and specific aspects of cognitive function in a representative population cohort in Greece.Participants from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Ageing and Diet (HELIAD), an on-going population-based study, exploring potential associations between diet and cognitive performance in a representative sample from Greek regions, were included in this analysis. Diagnosis of dementia was made by a full clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, while cognitive performance was assessed according to five cognitive domains (memory, language, attention-speed, executive functioning, visuospatial perception) and a composite cognitive score. Adherence to MeDi was evaluated by an a priori score (range 0-55), derived from a detailed food frequency questionnaire.Among 1,865 individuals (mean age 73±6 years, 41% male), 90 were diagnosed with dementia and 223 with mild cognitive impairment. Each unit increase in the Mediterranean dietary score (MedDietScore) was associated with a 10% decrease in the odds for dementia. Adherence to the MeDi was also associated with better performance in memory, language, visuospatial perception and the composite cognitive score; the associations were strongest for memory. Fish consumption was ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 401
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Does parity matter in women’s risk of dementia? A COSMIC collaboration cohort study

    Jong Bin Bae / Darren M. Lipnicki / Ji Won Han / Perminder S. Sachdev / Tae Hui Kim / Kyung Phil Kwak / Bong Jo Kim / Shin Gyeom Kim / Jeong Lan Kim / Seok Woo Moon / Joon Hyuk Park / Seung-Ho Ryu / Jong Chul Youn / Dong Young Lee / Dong Woo Lee / Seok Bum Lee / Jung Jae Lee / Jin Hyeong Jhoo / Juan J. Llibre-Rodriguez /
    Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra / Adolfo J. Valhuerdi-Cepero / Karen Ritchie / Marie-Laure Ancelin / Isabelle Carriere / Ingmar Skoog / Jenna Najar / Therese Rydberg Sterner / Nikolaos Scarmeas / Mary Yannakoulia / Efthimios Dardiotis / Kenichi Meguro / Mari Kasai / Kei Nakamura / Steffi Riedel-Heller / Susanne Roehr / Alexander Pabst / Martin van Boxtel / Sebastian Köhler / Ding Ding / Qianhua Zhao / Xiaoniu Liang / Marcia Scazufca / Antonio Lobo / Concepción De-la-Cámara / Elena Lobo / Ki Woong Kim / for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)

    BMC Medicine, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Background Dementia shows sex difference in its epidemiology. Childbirth, a distinctive experience of women, is associated with the risk for various diseases. However, its association with the risk of dementia in women has rarely been studied. ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Dementia shows sex difference in its epidemiology. Childbirth, a distinctive experience of women, is associated with the risk for various diseases. However, its association with the risk of dementia in women has rarely been studied. Methods We harmonized and pooled baseline data from 11 population-based cohorts from 11 countries over 3 continents, including 14,792 women aged 60 years or older. We investigated the association between parity and the risk of dementia using logistic regression models that adjusted for age, educational level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cohort, with additional analyses by region and dementia subtype. Results Across all cohorts, grand multiparous (5 or more childbirths) women had a 47% greater risk of dementia than primiparous (1 childbirth) women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–1.94), while nulliparous (no childbirth) women and women with 2 to 4 childbirths showed a comparable dementia risk to primiparous women. However, there were differences associated with region and dementia subtype. Compared to women with 1 to 4 childbirths, grand multiparous women showed a higher risk of dementia in Europe (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.38–6.47) and Latin America (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04–2.12), while nulliparous women showed a higher dementia risk in Asia (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.33–3.47). Grand multiparity was associated with 6.9-fold higher risk of vascular dementia in Europe (OR = 6.86, 95% CI = 1.81–26.08), whereas nulliparity was associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer disease (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.07–3.39) and non-Alzheimer non-vascular dementia (OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.44–8.35) in Asia. Conclusion Parity is associated with women’s risk of dementia, though this is not uniform across regions and dementia subtypes.
    Keywords Dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Risk factors ; Parity ; Women ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Determinants of cognitive performance and decline in 20 diverse ethno-regional groups

    Darren M Lipnicki / Steve R Makkar / John D Crawford / Anbupalam Thalamuthu / Nicole A Kochan / Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa / Erico Castro-Costa / Cleusa Pinheiro Ferri / Carol Brayne / Blossom Stephan / Juan J Llibre-Rodriguez / Jorge J Llibre-Guerra / Adolfo J Valhuerdi-Cepero / Richard B Lipton / Mindy J Katz / Carol A Derby / Karen Ritchie / Marie-Laure Ancelin / Isabelle Carrière /
    Nikolaos Scarmeas / Mary Yannakoulia / Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou / Linda Lam / Wai-Chi Chan / Ada Fung / Antonio Guaita / Roberta Vaccaro / Annalisa Davin / Ki Woong Kim / Ji Won Han / Seung Wan Suh / Steffi G Riedel-Heller / Susanne Roehr / Alexander Pabst / Martin van Boxtel / Sebastian Köhler / Kay Deckers / Mary Ganguli / Erin P Jacobsen / Tiffany F Hughes / Kaarin J Anstey / Nicolas Cherbuin / Mary N Haan / Allison E Aiello / Kristina Dang / Shuzo Kumagai / Tao Chen / Kenji Narazaki / Tze Pin Ng / Qi Gao

    PLoS Medicine, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e

    A COSMIC collaboration cohort study.

    2019  Volume 1002853

    Abstract: Background With no effective treatments for cognitive decline or dementia, improving the evidence base for modifiable risk factors is a research priority. This study investigated associations between risk factors and late-life cognitive decline on a ... ...

    Abstract Background With no effective treatments for cognitive decline or dementia, improving the evidence base for modifiable risk factors is a research priority. This study investigated associations between risk factors and late-life cognitive decline on a global scale, including comparisons between ethno-regional groups. Methods and findings We harmonized longitudinal data from 20 population-based cohorts from 15 countries over 5 continents, including 48,522 individuals (58.4% women) aged 54-105 (mean = 72.7) years and without dementia at baseline. Studies had 2-15 years of follow-up. The risk factors investigated were age, sex, education, alcohol consumption, anxiety, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE*4) status, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure and pulse pressure, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, depression, diabetes, self-rated health, high cholesterol, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, physical activity, smoking, and history of stroke. Associations with risk factors were determined for a global cognitive composite outcome (memory, language, processing speed, and executive functioning tests) and Mini-Mental State Examination score. Individual participant data meta-analyses of multivariable linear mixed model results pooled across cohorts revealed that for at least 1 cognitive outcome, age (B = -0.1, SE = 0.01), APOE*4 carriage (B = -0.31, SE = 0.11), depression (B = -0.11, SE = 0.06), diabetes (B = -0.23, SE = 0.10), current smoking (B = -0.20, SE = 0.08), and history of stroke (B = -0.22, SE = 0.09) were independently associated with poorer cognitive performance (p < 0.05 for all), and higher levels of education (B = 0.12, SE = 0.02) and vigorous physical activity (B = 0.17, SE = 0.06) were associated with better performance (p < 0.01 for both). Age (B = -0.07, SE = 0.01), APOE*4 carriage (B = -0.41, SE = 0.18), and diabetes (B = -0.18, SE = 0.10) were independently associated with faster cognitive decline (p < 0.05 for all). Different effects between Asian people and white people ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Age-related cognitive decline and associations with sex, education and apolipoprotein E genotype across ethnocultural groups and geographic regions

    Darren M Lipnicki / John D Crawford / Rajib Dutta / Anbupalam Thalamuthu / Nicole A Kochan / Gavin Andrews / M Fernanda Lima-Costa / Erico Castro-Costa / Carol Brayne / Fiona E Matthews / Blossom C M Stephan / Richard B Lipton / Mindy J Katz / Karen Ritchie / Jacqueline Scali / Marie-Laure Ancelin / Nikolaos Scarmeas / Mary Yannakoulia / Efthimios Dardiotis /
    Linda C W Lam / Candy H Y Wong / Ada W T Fung / Antonio Guaita / Roberta Vaccaro / Annalisa Davin / Ki Woong Kim / Ji Won Han / Tae Hui Kim / Kaarin J Anstey / Nicolas Cherbuin / Peter Butterworth / Marcia Scazufca / Shuzo Kumagai / Sanmei Chen / Kenji Narazaki / Tze Pin Ng / Qi Gao / Simone Reppermund / Henry Brodaty / Antonio Lobo / Raúl Lopez-Anton / Javier Santabárbara / Perminder S Sachdev / Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)

    PLoS Medicine, Vol 14, Iss 3, p e

    a collaborative cohort study.

    2017  Volume 1002261

    Abstract: Background The prevalence of dementia varies around the world, potentially contributed to by international differences in rates of age-related cognitive decline. Our primary goal was to investigate how rates of age-related decline in cognitive test ... ...

    Abstract Background The prevalence of dementia varies around the world, potentially contributed to by international differences in rates of age-related cognitive decline. Our primary goal was to investigate how rates of age-related decline in cognitive test performance varied among international cohort studies of cognitive aging. We also determined the extent to which sex, educational attainment, and apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE*4) carrier status were associated with decline. Methods and findings We harmonized longitudinal data for 14 cohorts from 12 countries (Australia, Brazil, France, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Singapore, Spain, South Korea, United Kingdom, United States), for a total of 42,170 individuals aged 54-105 y (42% male), including 3.3% with dementia at baseline. The studies began between 1989 and 2011, with all but three ongoing, and each had 2-16 assessment waves (median = 3) and a follow-up duration of 2-15 y. We analyzed standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and memory, processing speed, language, and executive functioning test scores using linear mixed models, adjusted for sex and education, and meta-analytic techniques. Performance on all cognitive measures declined with age, with the most rapid rate of change pooled across cohorts a moderate -0.26 standard deviations per decade (SD/decade) (95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.35, -0.16], p < 0.001) for processing speed. Rates of decline accelerated slightly with age, with executive functioning showing the largest additional rate of decline with every further decade of age (-0.07 SD/decade, 95% CI [-0.10, -0.03], p = 0.002). There was a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the associations across cohorts, including a slightly faster decline (p = 0.021) on the MMSE for Asians (-0.20 SD/decade, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.12], p < 0.001) than for whites (-0.09 SD/decade, 95% CI [-0.16, -0.02], p = 0.009). Males declined on the MMSE at a slightly slower rate than females (difference = 0.023 SD/decade, 95% CI [0.011, 0.035], p < ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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