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  1. Article ; Online: Radial and vertical variation of wood nutrients in Bornean tropical forest trees

    Inagawa, Takeshi / Riutta, Terhi / Majalap‐Lee, Noreen / Nilus, Reuben / Josue, James / Malhi, Y.

    Biotropica. 2023 Sept., v. 55, no. 5 p.1019-1032

    2023  

    Abstract: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in woody tissue are poorly documented, but are necessary for understanding whole‐tree nutrient use and storage. Here, we report how wood macronutrient concentrations vary radially and ...

    Abstract Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in woody tissue are poorly documented, but are necessary for understanding whole‐tree nutrient use and storage. Here, we report how wood macronutrient concentrations vary radially and along the length of a tree for 10 tropical tree species in Sabah, Malaysia. Bark nutrient concentrations were consistently high: 2.9–13.7 times greater than heartwood depending on the nutrient. In contrast, within the wood both the radial (sapwood vs. heartwood) and vertical (trunk bottom vs. trunk middle) variation was modest. Higher concentrations in sapwood relative to heartwood provide empirical support for wood nutrient resorption during sapwood senescence. Dipterocarp species showed resorption rates of 25.3 ± 7.1% (nitrogen), 62.7 ± 11.9% (phosphorus), and 56.2 ± 12.5% (potassium), respectively, while non‐dipterocarp species showed no evidence of nutrient resorption in wood. This suggests that while dipterocarps have lower wood nutrient concentrations, this family is able to compensate for this by using wood nutrient resorption as an efficient nutrient conservation mechanism. In contrast to other nutrients, calcium and magnesium tended to accumulate in heartwood. Wood density (WD) showed little vertical variation along the trunk. Across the species (WD range of 0.33 to 0.94 mg/cm³), WD was negatively correlated with wood P and K concentration and positively correlated with wood Ca concentration. As our study showed exceptionally high nutrient concentrations in the bark, debarking and leaving the bark of the harvested trees on site during logging operations could substantially contribute to maintaining nutrients within forest ecosystems.
    Keywords Borneo ; Dipterocarpaceae ; bark ; calcium ; heartwood ; magnesium ; nitrogen ; nutrient resorption (physiology) ; phosphorus ; potassium ; resorption ; sapwood ; trees ; tropical forests ; tropical plants ; wood ; wood density ; Malaysia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Size p. 1019-1032.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2052061-X
    ISSN 1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
    ISSN (online) 1744-7429
    ISSN 0006-3606
    DOI 10.1111/btp.13250
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  2. Article ; Online: Multi-stemming enhances tree survival and growth in Borneo’s logged forests

    Kvasnica, Jakub / Matula, Radim / Rejžek, Martin / Ewers, Robert M. / Riutta, Terhi / Turner, Edgar C. / Nilus, Reuben / Svátek, Martin

    Forest Ecology and Management. 2023 Sept., v. 544 p.121140-

    2023  

    Abstract: Multi-stemmed architecture is a common but overlooked tree growth form in tropical rainforests. Although multi-stemming is thought to be a key trait for tree persistence after disturbance, the role of multi-stemmed trees in post-disturbance demographic ... ...

    Abstract Multi-stemmed architecture is a common but overlooked tree growth form in tropical rainforests. Although multi-stemming is thought to be a key trait for tree persistence after disturbance, the role of multi-stemmed trees in post-disturbance demographic processes has been largely unexplored in logged rainforests. Here, we used decade-long measurements on nearly 14,000 tree stems to study post-logging growth and survival along a logging disturbance gradient in Malaysian Borneo. We found that multi-stemming enhanced tree persistence after logging. Along the entire disturbance gradient, multi-stemmed trees suffered significantly lower mortality than single-stemmed trees, and survival strongly increased with the number of stems. Small to medium-sized trees with multiple stems showed greater growth than similar-sized single-stemmed trees, with the difference increasing as the disturbance increased. Our findings demonstrate the significance of multi-stemmed architecture after logging in Borneo’s rainforests and highlight the need to consider the multi-stemmed growth form in forest inventories and models of post-disturbance forest dynamics.
    Keywords Borneo ; administrative management ; forest dynamics ; forests ; mortality ; tree growth ; trees ; Multi-stemmed trees ; Resprouting ; Disturbance gradient ; Logging
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 751138-3
    ISSN 0378-1127
    ISSN 0378-1127
    DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121140
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  3. Article: A Demi-Decade of Mammal Research: A Rapid Assessment within the Heart of Borneo in Sabah.

    Suis, Mohd Aminur Faiz / Miun, Jabanus / Tingkoi, Lawrence / Hastie, Alexander Yuk Loong / Chyang, Arthur Chung Yaw / Nilus, Reuben

    Tropical life sciences research

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 261–277

    Abstract: Sabah contributes 4.2 million hectares to the total Heart of Borneo (HoB) areas. Some of the forest reserves in the HoB are newly gazetted as Totally Protected Forest. Hence, their mammal diversity has to be comprehensively documented. This study aims to ...

    Abstract Sabah contributes 4.2 million hectares to the total Heart of Borneo (HoB) areas. Some of the forest reserves in the HoB are newly gazetted as Totally Protected Forest. Hence, their mammal diversity has to be comprehensively documented. This study aims to record the presence of terrestrial mammal species, and assess the prevalence of poaching in selected forest reserves within the Sabah HoB area. A total of 15 forest reserves were surveyed within a 5-year timeframe which recorded 60 terrestrial mammal species, including 21 Bornean endemics. The variation in total enumerated mammal species in the study sites may be derived from unequal sampling efforts, geographical factors and anthropogenic influences. The intensity of poaching within the study sites is high. Though this study is a rapid assessment, it created baseline information for mammal diversity in some of the least studied forest reserves in Sabah, important for conservation of its terrestrial mammals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-31
    Publishing country Malaysia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2607038-8
    ISSN 2180-4249 ; 1985-3718
    ISSN (online) 2180-4249
    ISSN 1985-3718
    DOI 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.14
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  4. Article: Effects of El Niño drought on tree mortality and growth across forest types at different elevations in Borneo

    Miyamoto, Kazuki / Aiba, Shin-ichiro / Aoyagi, Ryota / Nilus, Reuben

    Forest ecology and management. 2021 June 15, v. 490

    2021  

    Abstract: The 2015–2016 El Niño drought had a strong impact on tropical forest tree dynamics in Borneo. To assess the effects of the drought on trees growing in different environments, we examined differences in tree mortality and growth before and during the ... ...

    Abstract The 2015–2016 El Niño drought had a strong impact on tropical forest tree dynamics in Borneo. To assess the effects of the drought on trees growing in different environments, we examined differences in tree mortality and growth before and during the drought at two elevations (ca. 500 m vs. 1000 m a.s.l.) and among forest types (mainly heath forest on sandy soils and mixed dipterocarp forest) in Sabah, Borneo. We hypothesized that the effects of the drought on trees would be greater at low elevation than at high elevation, and in mixed dipterocarp forest than in heath forest, since tree species in heath forest are likely to adapt to stressful conditions.Tree mortality in heath and mixed dipterocarp forests was higher during the drought than before the drought. In addition, tree mortality was markedly higher at low elevation than at high elevation in both forest types. There was no significant interaction between drought and elevation, indicating that the drought and elevation independently affected tree mortality. Contrary to our expectation, at low elevation, heath forest trees showed comparable or higher mortality than mixed dipterocarp forest trees. Moreover, diameter and basal area growth rates were higher during the drought than before, particularly at low elevation, probably owing to the improved light conditions for surviving trees after the death of surrounding trees. Species-level wood density did not significantly affect tree mortality in our sites. Species mean stem growth rates before the drought negatively affected tree mortality, suggesting that species with higher tree mortality had reduced stem growth prior to the severe drought period.Our results show that the El Niño-induced drought increased mortality and growth of heath forest trees on sandy soils as well as in mixed dipterocarp forest trees. The results also suggest that markedly high tree mortality at low elevation was caused by the additive effect of drought and elevation.
    Keywords Borneo ; Dipterocarpaceae ; El Nino ; additive effect ; administrative management ; altitude ; death ; drought ; forest ecology ; forest trees ; mortality ; stem elongation ; tree mortality ; tropical forests ; wood density
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0615
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 751138-3
    ISSN 0378-1127
    ISSN 0378-1127
    DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119096
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  5. Article ; Online: Bornean tropical forests recovering from logging at risk of regeneration failure.

    Bartholomew, David C / Hayward, Robin / Burslem, David F R P / Bittencourt, Paulo R L / Chapman, Daniel / Bin Suis, Mohd Aminur Faiz / Nilus, Reuben / O'Brien, Michael J / Reynolds, Glen / Rowland, Lucy / Banin, Lindsay F / Dent, Daisy

    Global change biology

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) e17209

    Abstract: Active restoration through silvicultural treatments (enrichment planting, cutting climbers and liberation thinning) is considered an important intervention in logged forests. However, its ability to enhance regeneration is key for long-term recovery of ... ...

    Abstract Active restoration through silvicultural treatments (enrichment planting, cutting climbers and liberation thinning) is considered an important intervention in logged forests. However, its ability to enhance regeneration is key for long-term recovery of logged forests, which remains poorly understood, particularly for the production and survival of seedlings in subsequent generations. To understand the long-term impacts of logging and restoration we tracked the diversity, survival and traits of seedlings that germinated immediately after a mast fruiting in North Borneo in unlogged and logged forests 30-35 years after logging. We monitored 5119 seedlings from germination for ~1.5 years across a mixed landscape of unlogged forests (ULs), naturally regenerating logged forests (NR) and actively restored logged forests via rehabilitative silvicultural treatments (AR), 15-27 years after restoration. We measured 14 leaf, root and biomass allocation traits on 399 seedlings from 15 species. Soon after fruiting, UL and AR forests had higher seedling densities than NR forest, but survival was the lowest in AR forests in the first 6 months. Community composition differed among forest types; AR and NR forests had lower species richness and lower evenness than UL forests by 5-6 months post-mast but did not differ between them. Differences in community composition altered community-weighted mean trait values across forest types, with higher root biomass allocation in NR relative to UL forest. Traits influenced mortality ~3 months post-mast, with more acquisitive traits and relative aboveground investment favoured in AR forests relative to UL forests. Our findings of reduced seedling survival and diversity suggest long time lags in post-logging recruitment, particularly for some taxa. Active restoration of logged forests recovers initial seedling production, but elevated mortality in AR forests lowers the efficacy of active restoration to enhance recruitment or diversity of seedling communities. This suggests current active restoration practices may fail to overcome barriers to regeneration in logged forests, which may drive long-term changes in future forest plant communities.
    MeSH term(s) Trees ; Forestry ; Forests ; Seedlings ; Germination ; Tropical Climate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.17209
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  6. Article ; Online: Divergence of hydraulic traits among tropical forest trees across topographic and vertical environment gradients in Borneo.

    Bittencourt, Paulo Roberto de Lima / Bartholomew, David C / Banin, Lindsay F / Bin Suis, Mohamed Aminur Faiz / Nilus, Reuben / Burslem, David F R P / Rowland, Lucy

    The New phytologist

    2022  Volume 235, Issue 6, Page(s) 2183–2198

    Abstract: Fine-scale topographic-edaphic gradients are common in tropical forests and drive species spatial turnover and marked changes in forest structure and function. We evaluate how hydraulic traits of tropical tree species relate to vertical and horizontal ... ...

    Abstract Fine-scale topographic-edaphic gradients are common in tropical forests and drive species spatial turnover and marked changes in forest structure and function. We evaluate how hydraulic traits of tropical tree species relate to vertical and horizontal spatial niche specialization along such a gradient. Along a topographic-edaphic gradient with uniform climate in Borneo, we measured six key hydraulic traits in 156 individuals of differing heights in 13 species of Dipterocarpaceae. We investigated how hydraulic traits relate to habitat, tree height and their interaction on this gradient. Embolism resistance increased in trees on sandy soils but did not vary with tree height. By contrast, water transport capacity increased on sandier soils and with increasing tree height. Habitat and height only interact for hydraulic efficiency, with slope for height changing from positive to negative from the clay-rich to the sandier soil. Habitat type influenced trait-trait relationships for all traits except wood density. Our data reveal that variation in the hydraulic traits of dipterocarps is driven by a combination of topographic-edaphic conditions, tree height and taxonomic identity. Our work indicates that hydraulic traits play a significant role in shaping forest structure across topographic-edaphic and vertical gradients and may contribute to niche specialization among dipterocarp species.
    MeSH term(s) Borneo ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Soil ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Chemical Substances Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.18280
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  7. Article: Differential nutrient limitation and tree height control leaf physiology, supporting niche partitioning in tropical dipterocarp forests

    Bartholomew, David C. / Banin, Lindsay F. / Bittencourt, Paulo R. L. / Suis, Mohd Aminur Faiz / Mercado, Lina M. / Nilus, Reuben / Burslem, David F. R. P. / Rowland, Lucy

    Functional ecology. 2022 Aug., v. 36, no. 8

    2022  

    Abstract: Revealing the mechanisms of environmental niche partitioning within lowland tropical forests is important for understanding the drivers of current species distributions and potential vulnerability to environmental change. Tropical forest structure and ... ...

    Abstract Revealing the mechanisms of environmental niche partitioning within lowland tropical forests is important for understanding the drivers of current species distributions and potential vulnerability to environmental change. Tropical forest structure and species composition change across edaphic gradients in Borneo over short distances. However, our understanding of how edaphic conditions affect tree physiology and whether these relationships drive niche partitioning within Bornean forests remains incomplete. This study evaluated how leaf physiological function changes with nutrient availability across a fine‐scale edaphic gradient and whether these relationships vary according to tree height. Furthermore, we tested whether intraspecific leaf trait variation allows generalist species to populate a wider range of environments. We measured leaf traits of 218 trees ranging in height from 4 to 66 m from 13 dipterocarp species within four tropical forest types (alluvial, mudstone, sandstone and kerangas) occurring along an <5 km edaphic gradient in North Borneo. The traits measured included saturating photosynthesis (Aₛₐₜ), maximum photosynthetic capacity (Vcₘₐₓ), leaf dark respiration (Rₗₑₐf), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness, minimum stomatal conductance (gdₐᵣₖ) and leaf nutrient concentrations (N, P, Ca, K and Mg). Across all species, leaf traits varied consistently in response to soil nutrient availability across forest types except Rₗₑₐf_ₘₐₛₛ, [Mg]ₗₑₐf and [Ca]ₗₑₐf. Changes in photosynthesis and respiration rates were related to different leaf nutrients across forest types, with greater nutrient‐use efficiency in more nutrient‐poor environments. Generalist species partially or fully compensated reductions in mass‐based photosynthesis through increasing LMA in more nutrient‐poor environments. Leaf traits also varied with tree height, except Vcₘₐₓ_ₘₐₛₛ, but only in response to height‐related modifications of leaf morphology (LMA and leaf thickness). These height–trait relationships did not vary across the edaphic gradient, except for Aₛₐₜ, [N]ₗₑₐf, [P]ₗₑₐf and [K]ₗₑₐf. Our results highlight that modification of leaf physiological function and morphology act as important adaptations for Bornean dipterocarps in response to edaphic and vertical environmental gradients. Meanwhile, multiple nutrients appear to contribute to niche partitioning and could drive species distributions and high biodiversity within Bornean forest landscapes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Keywords Borneo ; Dipterocarpaceae ; leaf morphology ; leaf thickness ; leaves ; mudstone ; nutrient availability ; nutrient use efficiency ; photosynthesis ; sandstone ; soil nutrients ; species diversity ; specific leaf weight ; stomatal conductance ; tree height ; tree physiology ; tropical forests
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Size p. 2084-2103.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020307-X
    ISSN 1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
    ISSN (online) 1365-2435
    ISSN 0269-8463
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2435.14094
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  8. Article: Divergence of hydraulic traits among tropical forest trees across topographic and vertical environment gradients in Borneo

    Bittencourt, Paulo Roberto de Lima / Bartholomew, David C. / Banin, Lindsay F. / Bin Suis, Mohamed Aminur Faiz / Nilus, Reuben / Burslem, David F. R. P. / Rowland, Lucy

    The new phytologist. 2022 Sept., v. 235, no. 6

    2022  

    Abstract: Fine‐scale topographic–edaphic gradients are common in tropical forests and drive species spatial turnover and marked changes in forest structure and function. We evaluate how hydraulic traits of tropical tree species relate to vertical and horizontal ... ...

    Abstract Fine‐scale topographic–edaphic gradients are common in tropical forests and drive species spatial turnover and marked changes in forest structure and function. We evaluate how hydraulic traits of tropical tree species relate to vertical and horizontal spatial niche specialization along such a gradient. Along a topographic–edaphic gradient with uniform climate in Borneo, we measured six key hydraulic traits in 156 individuals of differing heights in 13 species of Dipterocarpaceae. We investigated how hydraulic traits relate to habitat, tree height and their interaction on this gradient. Embolism resistance increased in trees on sandy soils but did not vary with tree height. By contrast, water transport capacity increased on sandier soils and with increasing tree height. Habitat and height only interact for hydraulic efficiency, with slope for height changing from positive to negative from the clay‐rich to the sandier soil. Habitat type influenced trait–trait relationships for all traits except wood density. Our data reveal that variation in the hydraulic traits of dipterocarps is driven by a combination of topographic–edaphic conditions, tree height and taxonomic identity. Our work indicates that hydraulic traits play a significant role in shaping forest structure across topographic–edaphic and vertical gradients and may contribute to niche specialization among dipterocarp species.
    Keywords Borneo ; Dipterocarpaceae ; climate ; embolism ; habitats ; topography ; tree height ; tropical forests ; tropical plants ; wood density
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 2183-2198.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.18280
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  9. Article ; Online: Landscape‐scale drivers of liana load across a Southeast Asian forest canopy differ to the Neotropics

    Waite, Catherine E. / van der Heijden, Geertje M. F. / Field, Richard / Burslem, David F. R. P. / Dalling, James W. / Nilus, Reuben / Rodríguez‐Ronderos, M. Elizabeth / Marshall, Andrew R. / Boyd, Doreen S.

    Journal of Ecology. 2023 Jan., v. 111, no. 1 p.77-89

    2023  

    Abstract: Lianas (woody vines) are a key component of tropical forests, known to reduce forest carbon storage and sequestration and to be increasing in abundance. Analysing how and why lianas are distributed in forest canopies at landscape scales will help us ... ...

    Abstract Lianas (woody vines) are a key component of tropical forests, known to reduce forest carbon storage and sequestration and to be increasing in abundance. Analysing how and why lianas are distributed in forest canopies at landscape scales will help us determine the mechanisms driving changes in lianas over time. This will improve our understanding of liana ecology and projections of tropical forest carbon storage now and into the future. Despite competing hypotheses on the mechanisms driving spatial patterning of lianas, few studies have integrated multiple tree‐level biotic and abiotic factors in an analytical framework. None have done so in the Palaeotropics, which are biogeographically and evolutionarily distinct from the Neotropics, where most research on lianas has been conducted. We used an unoccupied aerial system (UAS; drone) to assess liana load in 50‐ha of Palaeotropical forest canopy in Southeast Asia. We obtained data on hypothesised drivers of liana spatial distribution in the forest canopy, including disturbance, tree characteristics, soil chemistry and topography, from the UAS, from airborne LiDAR and from ground surveys. We integrated these in a comprehensive analytical framework to extract variables at an individual‐tree level and evaluated the relative strengths of the hypothesised drivers and their ability to predict liana distributions through boosted regression tree (BRT) modelling. Tree height and distance to canopy gaps were the two most important predictors of liana load, with relative contribution values in BRT models of 34.60%–45.39% and 7.93%–10.19%, respectively. Our results suggest that taller trees were less often and less heavily infested by lianas than shorter trees, opposite to Neotropical findings. Lianas also occurred more often, and to a greater extent, in tree crowns close to canopy gaps and to neighbouring trees with lianas in their crown. Synthesis. Despite their known importance and prevalence in tropical forests, lianas are not well understood, particularly in the Palaeotropics. Examining 2428 trees across 50‐ha of Palaeotropical forest canopy in Southeast Asia, we find support for the hypothesis that canopy gaps promote liana infestation. However, we also found that liana presence and load declined with tree height, which is opposite to well‐established Neotropical findings. This suggests a fundamental difference between Neotropical and Southeast Asian forests. Considering that most liana literature has focused on the Neotropics, this highlights the need for additional studies in other biogeographic regions to clarify potential differences and enable us to better understand liana impacts on tropical forest ecology, carbon storage and sequestration.
    Keywords Neotropics ; carbon sequestration ; forest canopy ; forest ecology ; geographical distribution ; landscapes ; lidar ; regression analysis ; soil chemistry ; topography ; tree height ; trees ; tropical forests ; South East Asia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Size p. 77-89.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 3023-5
    ISSN 0022-0477
    ISSN 0022-0477
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2745.14015
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  10. Article: Plant Functional Traits on Tropical Ultramafic Habitats Affected by Fire and Mining: Insights for Reclamation

    Quintela-Sabarís, Celestino / Faucon, Michel-Pierre / Repin, Rimi / Sugau, John B / Nilus, Reuben / Echevarria, Guillaume / Leguédois, Sophie

    Diversity. 2020 June 17, v. 12, no. 6

    2020  

    Abstract: Biodiversity-rich tropical ultramafic areas are currently being impacted by land clearing and particularly by mine activities. The reclamation of ultramafic degraded areas requires a knowledge of pioneer plant species. The objective of this study is to ... ...

    Abstract Biodiversity-rich tropical ultramafic areas are currently being impacted by land clearing and particularly by mine activities. The reclamation of ultramafic degraded areas requires a knowledge of pioneer plant species. The objective of this study is to highlight the functional traits of plants that colonize ultramafic areas after disturbance by fire or mining activities. This information will allow trait-assisted selection of candidate species for reclamation. Fifteen plots were established on ultramafic soils in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia) disturbed by recurrent fires (FIRE plots) or by soil excavation and quarrying (MINE plots). In each plot, soil samples were collected and plant cover as well as species abundances were estimated. Fifteen functional traits related to revegetation, nutrient improvement, or Ni phytomining were measured in sampled plants. Vegetation of both FIRE and MINE plots was dominated by perennials with lateral spreading capacity (mainly by rhizomes). Plant communities displayed a conservative growth strategy, which is an adaptation to low nutrient availability on ultramafic soils. Plant height was higher in FIRE than in MINE plots, whereas the number of stems per plant was higher in MINE plots. Perennial plants with lateral spreading capacity and a conservative growth strategy would be the first choice for the reclamation of ultramafic degraded areas. Additional notes for increasing nutrient cycling, managing competition, and implementing of Ni-phytomining are also provided.
    Keywords biogeochemical cycles ; habitats ; land clearing ; land restoration ; mining ; nickel ; nutrient availability ; nutrient improvement ; perennials ; pioneer species ; plant communities ; plant height ; rhizomes ; soil ; soil sampling ; species abundance ; vegetation ; wildfires ; Borneo ; Malaysia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0617
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2518137-3
    ISSN 1424-2818
    ISSN 1424-2818
    DOI 10.3390/d12060248
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