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Article ; Online: Detection and Genetic Correlation Analysis of Diarrhea Cases and Norovirus in Oysters in Yantai, China.

Sun, Zhenlu / Niu, Peihua / Jin, Miao / Gao, Qiao / Wang, Ji / Ma, Xuejun

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 819890

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to assess the correlation between Norovirus (NoV), diarrhea, and raw oysters from the eastern coastal areas of Yantai, Shandong, China.: Methods: Marine oysters were selected from the three aquatic markets in Laishan ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to assess the correlation between Norovirus (NoV), diarrhea, and raw oysters from the eastern coastal areas of Yantai, Shandong, China. Methods: Marine oysters were selected from the three aquatic markets in Laishan district, Yantai City, in March 2019. Meanwhile, 100 fecal samples were collected from patients with diarrhea from the same areas during the same period. Nucleic acids were extracted from these samples and detected by employing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for NoV GI/GII. The VP1 gene of the coat protein of NoV was amplified by semi-nested RT-PCR and sequenced. Sequence comparison of VP1 was performed with BioEdit software, and the evolutionary tree was constructed with Mega7.0 software. Results: Of the 151 oysters, 42 (27.8%) were positive for NoV. Among them, 32 (21.2%) were GII-positive, 10 (6.6%) were GI-positive, and one GI VP1 sequence was obtained in the oyster samples. Of 100 fecal samples from patients with diarrhea, 38 were GII-positive and 17 were GI-positive. Totally, 19 GII VP 1 sequences and eight GI VP 1 sequences were obtained. Two G1 VP 1 sequences in two fecal samples showed 98.7% nucleotide sequence identity and 99.1% amino acid sequence identity G1 VP 1 acquired in the oyster sample. Conclusions: The results suggest that oysters may be responsible for the spread of NoV in Yantai, Shandong province, China.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caliciviridae Infections ; China ; Diarrhea ; Genotype ; Humans ; Norovirus/genetics ; Ostreidae/genetics ; RNA, Viral
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.819890
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Current status and capacity of pathogen laboratories in centers for disease control and prevention in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Wang, Ji / Niu, Peihua / Zhang, Ruiqing / Li, Jingyi / Nie, Mingzhu / Ma, Xuejun

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 927318

Abstract: The pathogen laboratory (p-lab) is the core and primary department of centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in China to respond to infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. To understand the current status and capacity of p-labs in ... ...

Abstract	The pathogen laboratory (p-lab) is the core and primary department of centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in China to respond to infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. To understand the current status and capacity of p-labs in Chinese CDCs during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey among 399 respondents from 239 CDCs. Differences in the current status of p-labs in CDCs of provinces, cities, and counties mainly comprised laboratory equipment, IEIs, mastery of personal occupational skills, and maximum detection capacity. Most CDCs reported a lack of staff and funds for personnel, which should be a priority in China's upcoming public health reform. The development of sequencing technologies has received considerable attention in CDCs. These are mainly used to study respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven development of the CDCs in China, and personnel and funds are considered key factors in improving the detection capacity of CDC p-labs.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Care Reform ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.927318
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Article ; Online: Rotavirus Infection and Genotyping in Yantai, Shandong Province, 2017-2019.

Sun, Zhenlu / Zhang, Guifang / Li, Chunyan / Niu, Peihua / Li, Xia / Gao, Qiao / Guo, Kai / Zhang, Ruiqing / Wang, Ji / Ma, Xuejun

Tropical medicine and infectious disease

2023 Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract: Purpose: Rotavirus (RV) ranked first among infectious diarrhea-causing pathogens in Yantai from 2017 to 2019. This study investigated the seroserotypes of RV in Yantai, Shandong, from 2017 to 2019 to identify the dominant serotypes and explore the ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Rotavirus (RV) ranked first among infectious diarrhea-causing pathogens in Yantai from 2017 to 2019. This study investigated the seroserotypes of RV in Yantai, Shandong, from 2017 to 2019 to identify the dominant serotypes and explore the epidemic pattern, aiming to effectively reduce the infection rate, better guide vaccination, and help in epidemiological prevention and control. Methods: A total of 2227 human diarrhea samples were collected from 2017 to 2019 in Yantai. The VP7 (G serotype) and VP4 (P serotype) genes of 467 RV-positive samples were amplified using two-round nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for G/P genotyping. Results: The genotyping results of RV in Yantai from 2017 to 2019 revealed that G9 was the dominant serotype for all G serotypes, P[8] was the dominant serotype for all P serotypes, and G9P[8] was the dominant serotype for all G/P combinations. G9 serotype accounted for 60.84%, 95.65%, and 83.76% of the total RV samples collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. P[8] accounted for 75.52%, 94.69%, and 88.89% of the RV-positive samples collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. G9P[8] accounted for 60.84%, 94.69%, and 83.76% of the total RV samples collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Of the total 467 samples from 2017 to 2019, G2P[4] accounted for 3.64% (17/467), G3P[8] for 1.28% (6/467), and G1P[8] for 0.86% (4/467). Conclusion: This study revealed the epidemiological characteristics of RV infection and the development pattern of dominant serotypes in Yantai in recent years, guiding the selection of RV vaccines. The prioritization of vaccines containing G9 serotype for infants in Yantai in recent years is recommended.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2414-6366
ISSN (online)	2414-6366
DOI	10.3390/tropicalmed8020101
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Article ; Online: Genotyping and traceability analysis of norovirus in Yantai between 2017 and 2019.

Sun, Zhenlu / Niu, Peihua / Jin, Miao / Zhang, Ruiqing / Gao, Qiao / Wang, Hongtao / Ma, Xuejun / Wang, Ji

Journal of medical virology

2023 Volume 95, Issue 11, Page(s) e29220

Abstract: To investigate the diversity and evolution of noroviruses in Yantai in recent years, this study focused on the coat protein regions of norovirus-positive samples with nucleic acid detection (cycle threshold) values below 30 between 2017 and 2019. A total ...

Abstract	To investigate the diversity and evolution of noroviruses in Yantai in recent years, this study focused on the coat protein regions of norovirus-positive samples with nucleic acid detection (cycle threshold) values below 30 between 2017 and 2019. A total of 81 sequences were obtained for genotyping. Initially, a high-throughput sequencing approach was established to perform the whole-genome sequencing of multiple typical diarrheal strains. Using bioinformatics software such as BEAST, recombinant variant analysis was performed for each genotype of the norovirus strains, and genetic evolutionary analysis was conducted for the dominant strain GII.4, as well as the rare variant GII.21. The results showed that there were multiple genotypes such as GI.3, GI.6, GI.7, GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.13, GII.17, GII.21, and GIX.1 in the positive samples of norovirus from 2017 to 2019. GII.4 is characterized by diverse genotypes, with new changes in antigenic epitopes occurring during the course of the epidemic. This may have led to the emergence of a new pandemic. This suggests a need to strengthen surveillance. The results of this study suggest that attention should be paid to the predominant genotypes prevalent in neighboring countries and regions, and the safety supervision of imported food should be strengthened to aid in the prevention and control of related viruses.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Norovirus/genetics ; Genotype ; Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Pandemics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.29220
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Article: Aetiological Characteristics of Infectious Diarrhea in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China in 2017

Sun, Zhenlu / Xu, Jinjie / Niu, Peihua / Jin, Miao / Gao, Qiao / Zhang, Ruiqing / Wang, Ji / Zhang, Yong / Ma, Xuejun

Viruses. 2022 Jan. 23, v. 14, no. 2

2022

Abstract: This study aimed to analyse the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China and provide a reference for its prevention and control. A total of 713 stool specimens collected ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to analyse the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China and provide a reference for its prevention and control. A total of 713 stool specimens collected within 3 days of diarrhea onset from January to December 2017 at secondary or higher hospitals in Yantai City were tested for 10 causative pathogens, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The top two rotaviruses and norovirus were analysed for typing and geographical distribution. The total positive rate was 46.56% (332/713), and 268 of 713 specimens contained at least one pathogen; 64 had at least two pathogens, accounting for 19.28% of the positive specimens (64/332). The positivity rates of rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoVs) GI, norovirus (NoVs) GII, enterovirus universal (EV), enteric adenoviruses (EAdV), sapovirus (SaV), astrovirus (Astv), Salmonella (SE), Listeria monocytogenes (LiMo), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) were 20.06% (143/713), 1.82% (13/713), 12.84% (89/713), 10.66% (76/713), 4.07% (29/713), 0.42% (3/713), 2.38% (17/713), 1.54% (11/713), 1.82% (13/713), and 1.54% (11/713), respectively. Infectious diarrhea showed a high prevalence in young children aged 1-5 years, accounting for 48.6% of the total number of cases. Bacterial diarrhea was predominant in summer, and viral diarrhea was distributed throughout the year, without a significant seasonal pattern. Rotavirus is dominated by G9P, accounting for 81.82%, while norovirus is dominated by the GII type and has diverse characteristics. The aetiology of infectious diarrhea in Yantai is mainly viral, with RV, NoVs, EV, EAdV, and Astv being the most frequent pathogens. Continuous surveillance of infectious diarrhea diseases can help us understand its epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics, thereby taking targeted preventive and control measures in different seasons.
Keywords	Adenoviridae ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Norovirus ; Rotavirus ; Salmonella ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; diarrhea ; geographical distribution ; monitoring ; pathogens ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; seasonal variation ; summer ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0123
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14020216
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Sequencing the Complete Genome of COVID-19 Virus from Clinical Samples Using the Sanger Method.

Lu, Roujian / Niu, Peihua / Zhao, Li / Wang, Huijuan / Wang, Wenling / Tan, Wenjie

China CDC weekly

2021 Volume 2, Issue 25, Page(s) 447–452

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2096-7071
ISSN (online)	2096-7071
DOI	10.46234/ccdcw2020.088
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Aetiological Characteristics of Infectious Diarrhea in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China in 2017.

Sun, Zhenlu / Xu, Jinjie / Niu, Peihua / Jin, Miao / Gao, Qiao / Zhang, Ruiqing / Wang, Ji / Zhang, Yong / Ma, Xuejun

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract	This study aimed to analyse the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China and provide a reference for its prevention and control. A total of 713 stool specimens collected within 3 days of diarrhea onset from January to December 2017 at secondary or higher hospitals in Yantai City were tested for 10 causative pathogens, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The top two rotaviruses and norovirus were analysed for typing and geographical distribution. The total positive rate was 46.56% (332/713), and 268 of 713 specimens contained at least one pathogen; 64 had at least two pathogens, accounting for 19.28% of the positive specimens (64/332). The positivity rates of rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoVs) GI, norovirus (NoVs) GII, enterovirus universal (EV), enteric adenoviruses (EAdV), sapovirus (SaV), astrovirus (Astv),
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology ; Cities/epidemiology ; Dysentery/epidemiology ; Dysentery/etiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Viruses/classification ; Viruses/genetics ; Viruses/isolation & purification ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14020216
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 cold-chain transmission: Characteristics, risks, and strategies.

Chen, Cao / Feng, Yenan / Chen, Zhixiao / Xia, Ying / Zhao, Xiang / Wang, Ji / Nie, Kai / Niu, Peihua / Han, Jun / Xu, Wenbo

Journal of medical virology

2022 Volume 94, Issue 8, Page(s) 3540–3547

Abstract: Low temperature and certain humidity are conducive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for long-time survival and long-distance spread during logistics and trades. Contaminated cold-chain or frozen products and outer packaging ...

Abstract	Low temperature and certain humidity are conducive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for long-time survival and long-distance spread during logistics and trades. Contaminated cold-chain or frozen products and outer packaging act as the carrier of SARS-CoV-2, that infects the high-risk population who works in the ports, cold storage or seafood market. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide, multiple localized outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 contaminated imported cold-chain products have been reported in China, which brought challenges to COVID-19 prevention and control. Here, we review the evidences of SARS-CoV-2 cold-chain transmission from six confirmed cold-chain related COVID-19 outbreaks in China, especially in terms of SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing and virus isolation. In addition, we summarize the characteristics and mode of SARS-CoV-2 cold-chain transmission from both six COVID-19 outbreaks in China and the outbreaks suspected cold-chain transmission in other countries. Finally, we analyze the underlying risks of SARS-CoV-2 cold-chain transmission and propose the preventive countermeasures.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.27750
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Article ; Online: A Novel Coronavirus Genome Identified in a Cluster of Pneumonia Cases - Wuhan, China 2019-2020.

Tan, Wenjie / Zhao, Xiang / Ma, Xuejun / Wang, Wenling / Niu, Peihua / Xu, Wenbo / Gao, George F / Wu, Guizhen

China CDC weekly

2021 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 61–62

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-29
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2096-7071
ISSN (online)	2096-7071
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Three Novel Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Detection of COVID-19 Virus.

Niu, Peihua / Lu, Roujian / Zhao, Li / Wang, Huijuan / Huang, Baoying / Ye, Fei / Wang, Wenling / Tan, Wenjie

China CDC weekly

2021 Volume 2, Issue 25, Page(s) 453–457

Abstract: What is already known on this topic?: A novel human coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV, is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have released the primers and probes of real-time reverse transcription polymerase ... ...

Abstract	What is already known on this topic?: A novel human coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV, is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have released the primers and probes of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for the laboratory detection of COVID-19 infection. What is added by this report?: Here we provide detailed technical data and evaluate the performance of three novel rRT-PCR assays targeting the ORF1ab, N, and E genes for detection of COVID-19 infection. The application of rRT-PCR assays among four types of specimens (alveolar lavage, sputum, throat swabs, and stool) from patients with COVID-19 indicated that the mean viral loads detected in sputum were higher than other specimens. What are the implications for public health practice?: These rRT-PCR assays reported here could be used for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 infection with high sensitivity, specificity, and applicability. Sputum rather than throat swabs and stool should be a priority for specimen collection for laboratory detection of COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-21
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2096-7071
ISSN (online)	2096-7071
DOI	10.46234/ccdcw2020.116
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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