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  1. Article ; Online: Individual differences in the desirable difficulty effect during lexical acquisition.

    Eskenazi, Michael A / Nix, Bailey

    Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

    2020  Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 45–52

    Abstract: Reading in difficult or novel fonts results in slower and less efficient reading (Slattery & Rayner, 2010); however, these fonts may also lead to better learning and memory (Diemand-Yauman, Oppenheimer, & Vaughan, 2011). This effect is consistent with a ... ...

    Abstract Reading in difficult or novel fonts results in slower and less efficient reading (Slattery & Rayner, 2010); however, these fonts may also lead to better learning and memory (Diemand-Yauman, Oppenheimer, & Vaughan, 2011). This effect is consistent with a desirable difficulty effect such that more effort during encoding results in better long term retention (Bjork, 1994). The effect is robust and found in many contexts; however, it has not yet been applied to the process of lexical acquisition. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether readers would learn words better when presented in Sans Forgetica, a font designed to induce desirable difficulty. One hundred sixty participants were randomly assigned to one font type and read sentences with 15 very low-frequency English words presented in two different informative contexts while their eye movements were monitored. They completed a spelling skill assessment and tests of their orthographic and semantic acquisition of the words. Linear mixed effects analyses were conducted and indicate that high-skill spellers learned the spelling and meaning of words better in the desirable difficulty font, but low-skill spellers did not show the same benefit. This pattern highlights the importance of individual differences in learning such that a desirable difficulty for one reader may be an undesirable difficulty for another. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Aptitude ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Individuality ; Learning ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Photic Stimulation ; Reading
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 627313-0
    ISSN 1939-1285 ; 0278-7393
    ISSN (online) 1939-1285
    ISSN 0278-7393
    DOI 10.1037/xlm0000809
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Treatment retention and reductions in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) during the first 90 days of a telehealth program for alcohol use disorder.

    Hallgren, Kevin A / Galloway, Gantt P / Witkiewitz, Katie / Linde, Paul / Nix, Bob / Mendelson, John E

    The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse

    2023  Volume 49, Issue 2, Page(s) 249–259

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Alcoholism/drug therapy ; Blood Alcohol Content ; Alcohol Drinking ; Telemedicine
    Chemical Substances Blood Alcohol Content
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 193086-2
    ISSN 1097-9891 ; 0095-2990
    ISSN (online) 1097-9891
    ISSN 0095-2990
    DOI 10.1080/00952990.2023.2175322
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  3. Article: The Effects of Prescribed Burning on Soil and Litter Invertebrate Diversity and Abundance in an Illinois Oak Woodland

    Jacobs, K.A / Nix B / Scharenbroch B.C

    Natural areas journal. 2015 Apr., v. 35, no. 2

    2015  

    Abstract: The effect of 23 years of low intensity prescribed burning on soil and litter invertebrates was studied over 18 months. Samples were collected from 40 plots distributed among annually burned, periodically burned (every 3–4 yrs), and unburned areas of ... ...

    Abstract The effect of 23 years of low intensity prescribed burning on soil and litter invertebrates was studied over 18 months. Samples were collected from 40 plots distributed among annually burned, periodically burned (every 3–4 yrs), and unburned areas of an oak woodland. A total of 26,416 invertebrates representing 21 classes and orders were extracted from soil core and litter layer samples using Berlese-Tullgren funnels. Invertebrates were 25 times more abundant in litter than soil, and Acari and Collembola were the most prevalent taxa, accounting for 76% and 17%, respectively, of the total collection. Statistical analyses of the Shannon entropy index for diversity and associated values of class and order richness, evenness, and abundance indicated that burning was not associated with significant changes in the broad invertebrate community. Average Shannon entropy indices (H) ranged from 0.73 to 0.78 across burn treatments for soil samples and from 0.43 to 0.46 for litter samples. However, within Acari, diversity indices were significantly lower (P < 0.0005) in annually burned plots (H = 0.72) versus unburned controls (H = 0.85), and periodic burn plots had an intermediate H value of 0.79. Taxa evenness was similar in all treatments (J = 0.40–0.57), reflecting the widespread distribution of Acari and Collembola and rare occurrence of several orders from which 20 or fewer individuals were collected. Fall sample dates had more diverse (soil and litter) and abundant (soil) invertebrate assemblages than the spring date (P ≤ 0.001). reflecting large seasonal shifts in Acari. The average depth of the litter layer was similar, at 2.8–3.1 cm, in all three burn treatments, and was most varied in unburned plots. Collectively, the findings suggest that long term burning of the woodland for the purpose of vegetation management has not altered significantly the broadly classified invertebrate community. Possible influences of postfire recovery interval, low fire intensity, and remnant litter refugia are considered.
    Keywords Acari ; Collembola ; entropy ; fire intensity ; invertebrates ; prescribed burning ; refuge habitats ; soil ; soil sampling ; spring ; statistical analysis ; woodlands ; arthropods ; litter ; microfauna ; mites ; springtails ; urban woodland ; Illinois
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-04
    Size p. 318-327.
    Publishing place Natural Areas Association
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2486532-1
    ISSN 0885-8608
    ISSN 0885-8608
    DOI 10.3375%2F043.035.0214
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Effects of milk flow on the physiological and behavioural responses to feeding in an infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

    Pados, Britt F / Thoyre, Suzanne M / Estrem, Hayley H / Park, Jinhee / Knafl, George J / Nix, Brant

    Cardiology in the young

    2017  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 139–153

    Abstract: Infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome often experience difficulty with oral feeding, which contributes to growth failure, morbidity, and mortality. In response to feeding difficulty, clinicians often change the bottle nipple, and thus milk flow ... ...

    Abstract Infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome often experience difficulty with oral feeding, which contributes to growth failure, morbidity, and mortality. In response to feeding difficulty, clinicians often change the bottle nipple, and thus milk flow rate. Slow-flow nipples have been found to reduce the stress of feeding in other fragile infants, but no research has evaluated the responses of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome to alterations in milk flow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological and behavioural responses of an infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome to bottle feeding with either a slow-flow (Dr. Brown's Preemie) or a standard-flow (Dr. Brown's Level 2) nipple. A single infant was studied for three feedings: two slow-flow and one standard-flow. Oral feeding, whether with a slow-flow or a standard-flow nipple, was distressing for this infant. During slow-flow feeding, she experienced more coughing events, whereas during standard-flow she experienced more gagging. Disengagement and compelling disorganisation were most common during feeding 3, that is slow-flow, which occurred 2 days after surgical placement of a gastrostomy tube. Clinically significant changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate were seen during all feedings. Heart rate was higher during standard-flow and respiratory rate was higher during slow-flow. Further research is needed to examine the responses of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome to oral feeding and to identify strategies that will support these fragile infants as they learn to feed. Future research should evaluate an even slower-flow nipple along with additional supportive feeding strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Bottle Feeding/methods ; Female ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome/physiopathology ; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome/psychology ; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome/rehabilitation ; Infant ; Infant Behavior ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Milk, Human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1078466-4
    ISSN 1467-1107 ; 1047-9511
    ISSN (online) 1467-1107
    ISSN 1047-9511
    DOI 10.1017/S1047951116000251
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  5. Article ; Online: Genetic risk factors for perception of symptoms in GERD: an observational cohort study.

    Patel, A / Hasak, S / Nix, B D / Sayuk, G S / Newberry, R D / Gyawali, C P

    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics

    2017  Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–297

    Abstract: Background: Genetic polymorphisms in G-protein beta-3 subunit (GNβ3) and beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) are associated with pain and gut hypersensitivity, which can overlap with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).: Aim: To evaluate ... ...

    Abstract Background: Genetic polymorphisms in G-protein beta-3 subunit (GNβ3) and beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) are associated with pain and gut hypersensitivity, which can overlap with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
    Aim: To evaluate relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within GNβ3 and ADRB2 systems, and reflux symptom burden, GERD phenotypes from ambulatory reflux monitoring, and quality of life.
    Methods: Symptomatic adults undergoing ambulatory reflux testing were recruited and phenotyped based on acid burden and symptom reflux association; major oesophageal motor disorders and prior foregut surgery were exclusions. A comparison asymptomatic control cohort was also identified. Subjects and controls completed questionnaires assessing symptom burden on visual analog scales, short-form health survey-36 (SF-36), and Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (BAI and BDI). Genotyping was performed from saliva samples; 6 SNPs selected from each of the two genes of interest were compared.
    Results: Saliva from 151 study subjects (55.3 ± 1.2 years, 63.6% F) and 60 control subjects (50.9 ± 2.2 years, 66.7%) had sufficient genetic material for genotyping. Study subjects had higher symptom burden, worse total and physical health, and higher anxiety scores compared to controls (P ≤ .002). Tested SNPs within ADRB2 were similar between study subjects and controls (P > .09). Study subjects with recessive alleles in 3 GNβ3 SNPs (Rs2301339, Rs5443, and Rs5446) had worse symptom severity (P = .011), worse mental health (P = .03), and higher depression scores (P = .005) despite no associations with GERD phenotypes or reflux metrics.
    Conclusions: Genetic variation within GNβ3 predicts oesophageal symptom burden and affect, but not oesophageal acid burden or symptom association with reflux episodes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity/complications ; Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology ; Food Hypersensitivity/genetics ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/epidemiology ; Pain/etiology ; Pain/genetics ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Perception ; Pilot Projects ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Chemical Substances G-protein beta3 subunit ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639012-2
    ISSN 1365-2036 ; 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    ISSN (online) 1365-2036
    ISSN 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    DOI 10.1111/apt.14414
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  6. Article: Two decades of low-severity prescribed fire increases soil nutrient availability in a Midwestern, USA oak (Quercus) forest

    Scharenbroch, B. C. / Nix, B. / Jacobs, K. A. / Bowles, M. L.

    Geoderma

    2012  Volume -, Issue 183/184, Page(s) 80

    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 281080-3
    ISSN 0016-7061
    Database Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  7. Article ; Online: Opioid medication use in patients with gastrointestinal diagnoses vs unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms in the US Veterans Health Administration.

    Sayuk, G S / Kanuri, N / Gyawali, C P / Gott, B M / Nix, B D / Rosenheck, R A

    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics

    2018  Volume 47, Issue 6, Page(s) 784–791

    Abstract: Background: While opioid prescriptions have increased alarmingly in the United States (US), their use for unexplained chronic gastrointestinal (GI) pain (eg, irritable bowel syndrome) carries an especially high risk for adverse effects and questionable ... ...

    Abstract Background: While opioid prescriptions have increased alarmingly in the United States (US), their use for unexplained chronic gastrointestinal (GI) pain (eg, irritable bowel syndrome) carries an especially high risk for adverse effects and questionable benefit.
    Aim: To compare opioid use among US veterans with structural GI diagnoses (SGID) and those with unexplained GI symptoms or functional GI diagnoses (FGID), a group for whom opioids have no accepted role.
    Methods: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative data from fiscal year 2012 were used to identify veterans with diagnostic codes recorded for SGID and FGID. This cohort study examined VHA pharmacy data to compare groups receiving ≥ 1 opioid prescription during the year and number of prescriptions filled. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounding factors (demographics, medical diagnoses, social factors) and identified potential mediators (service use, psychiatric comorbidity) of opioid use in these groups.
    Results: A greater proportion of veterans with FGID received an opioid prescription during fiscal year 2012 (36.0% of 272 431) compared to only 28.9% of 1 223 744 in the SGID group (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.25). In multivariate logistic regression, personality disorders and drug abuse (OR 1.23 for each group), recent homelessness (OR 1.22), psychotropic medication fills (OR 1.55) and emergency department encounters (OR 1.21) were independently associated with opioid prescription use.
    Conclusions: Despite the potential for adverse consequences, opioids more often are prescribed for veterans with chronic, unexplained GI symptoms compared to those with structural diagnoses. Psychiatric comorbidities and frequent healthcare encounters mediate some of the opioid use risk.
    MeSH term(s) Abdominal Pain/diagnosis ; Abdominal Pain/drug therapy ; Abdominal Pain/epidemiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Medically Unexplained Symptoms ; Middle Aged ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use ; United States/epidemiology ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs ; Veterans/statistics & numerical data ; Veterans Health
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Psychotropic Drugs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639012-2
    ISSN 1365-2036 ; 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    ISSN (online) 1365-2036
    ISSN 0269-2813 ; 0953-0673
    DOI 10.1111/apt.14503
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  8. Article ; Online: The perception of facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional simulated images.

    McAvinchey, Grainne / Maxim, Fay / Nix, Barry / Djordjevic, Jelena / Linklater, Rognvald / Landini, Gabriel

    The Angle orthodontist

    2014  Volume 84, Issue 6, Page(s) 957–965

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate the perception of facial asymmetry in young adults to identify the amounts of chin asymmetry that can be regarded as normal and may benefit from correction.: Materials and methods: Three-dimensional (3D) images of 56 ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate the perception of facial asymmetry in young adults to identify the amounts of chin asymmetry that can be regarded as normal and may benefit from correction.
    Materials and methods: Three-dimensional (3D) images of 56 individuals of mixed ethnicity were obtained and used to produce average 3D images of male and female faces. Distortion was then applied to these average faces using a 3D graphics package to simulate different amounts of chin point asymmetry. Five observer groups (lay individuals, dental students, dental care professionals, dental practitioners, and orthodontists) assessed timed presentations of 3D images, rating them as "normal," "acceptable," or "would benefit from correction." Time-to-event analysis was used to assess the level of chin asymmetry perceived as normal and beneficial for correction for each group.
    Results: The factors influencing the perception of facial asymmetry were the degree of asymmetry and the observer group. Direction of the asymmetry and gender of the assessed individual did not affect the perception of asymmetry, except in the 4- to 6-mm distortion range. The gender of the observer had no influence on perception. There were statistically significant differences in the amounts of asymmetry that the laypeople and orthodontists considered to be normal (5.6 ± 2.7 mm and 3.6 ± 1.5 mm, respectively; P < .001) and felt would benefit from surgical correction (11.8 ± 4.0 mm and 9.7 ± 3.0 mm, respectively; P  =  .001).
    Conclusions: Perception of asymmetry is affected by the amount of asymmetry and the observer group, with orthodontists being more critical.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Attitude to Health ; Chin/pathology ; Computer Graphics ; Dental Auxiliaries/psychology ; Dentists/psychology ; Facial Asymmetry/classification ; Facial Asymmetry/psychology ; Female ; General Practice, Dental ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Male ; Orthodontics ; Sex Factors ; Students, Dental/psychology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390289-4
    ISSN 1945-7103 ; 0003-3219
    ISSN (online) 1945-7103
    ISSN 0003-3219
    DOI 10.2319/120213-888.1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Psychosis in neurosyphilis: an association of poor prognosis.

    Allen, Melissa / Aisenberg, Gabriel / Nix, Bobby / Regenold, William T / Person, Cheryl

    General hospital psychiatry

    2014  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 361.e5–6

    Abstract: The spectrum of neurosyphilis includes asymptomatic patients, those with variable neurologic deficit, and those with complex cognitive, psychotic and mood dysfunction. Although the neurologic symptoms of neurosyphilis can remit with penicillin treatment, ...

    Abstract The spectrum of neurosyphilis includes asymptomatic patients, those with variable neurologic deficit, and those with complex cognitive, psychotic and mood dysfunction. Although the neurologic symptoms of neurosyphilis can remit with penicillin treatment, the psychiatric symptoms may persist. We identify two neurosyphilis cases characterized by prominent psychoses and describe commonalities that might assist clinicians in identifying neurosyphilis early.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosyphilis/complications ; Prognosis ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy ; Psychotic Disorders/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392299-6
    ISSN 1873-7714 ; 0163-8343
    ISSN (online) 1873-7714
    ISSN 0163-8343
    DOI 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.01.015
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  10. Article ; Online: Interference in the autoDELFIA(R) hAFP immunoassay and effect on second-trimester Down's syndrome screening.

    Mannings, Leanne / Trow, Sandy / Newman, Janet / Nix, Barry / Evans, Carol

    Annals of clinical biochemistry

    2011  Volume 48, Issue Pt 5, Page(s) 438–440

    Abstract: Background: Falsely decreased serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) concentrations are reported in the autoDELFIA(®) hAFP immunoassay due to interference by complement. AFP is measured, using this assay, as part of second-trimester and integrated Down's syndrome ...

    Abstract Background: Falsely decreased serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) concentrations are reported in the autoDELFIA(®) hAFP immunoassay due to interference by complement. AFP is measured, using this assay, as part of second-trimester and integrated Down's syndrome screening tests. Decreased AFP concentrations increase the calculated risk of Down's syndrome; therefore falsely low AFP, due to assay interference, may artificially increase a patient's risk, and have the potential to cause false screen positive results. It was our aim to assess whether negative interference in the autoDELFIA(®) hAFP assay was a cause of very low AFP concentrations, and to examine the effect of falsely decreased concentrations on the calculated risk of Down's syndrome.
    Methods: Three hundred and twenty-three sequential Down's screening serum samples with very low serum AFP concentration (<15 KU/L) using the autoDELFIA(®) hAFP immunoassay were selected and AFP re-measured using the E170 AFP immunoassay.
    Results: Interference was detected in nine samples (from eight patients) on the basis of discordant AFP concentrations. The interference decreased following storage of samples at 4°C to deplete complement. Use of the falsely low AFP concentrations to calculate risk of Down's syndrome resulted in significantly increased calculated risk compared with complement depleted results.
    Conclusions: Laboratories should be aware that falsely low AFP concentrations due to complement interference may be obtained using the autoDELFIA(®) hAFP immunoassay. We have shown that falsely low AFP concentrations increase the calculated risk of Down's syndrome. This is a potential cause of false Down's syndrome screen positive results.
    MeSH term(s) Complement System Proteins/chemistry ; Down Syndrome/diagnosis ; False Negative Reactions ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoassay/methods ; Mass Screening/methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods ; Risk Assessment ; alpha-Fetoproteins/chemistry ; alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances alpha-Fetoproteins ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390309-6
    ISSN 1758-1001 ; 0004-5632
    ISSN (online) 1758-1001
    ISSN 0004-5632
    DOI 10.1258/acb.2011.011061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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