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Article ; Online: The SPIN framework to control and prevent the Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea.

Wirsiy, Frankline Sevidzem / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Bain, Luchuo Engelbert

2023 Volume 44, Page(s) 110

Abstract: A full grasp of the epidemiological factors promoting transmission is necessary for responding to highly infectious diseases, which involves their control and prevention. With the recent outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Equatorial Guinea, we ... ...

Abstract	A full grasp of the epidemiological factors promoting transmission is necessary for responding to highly infectious diseases, which involves their control and prevention. With the recent outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Equatorial Guinea, we saw the need to re-shed some technical light based on our field experiences and published literature. We reviewed 15 previous MVD outbreaks globally. Coupled with core One-Health approaches, we highlighted the SPIN (socio-environmental context, possible transmission routes, informing and guiding public health action, needs in terms of control measures) framework as a guiding tool for response teams to appropriately approach this highly contagious infectious disease outbreak for collective and stronger global health security. The Central African Regional Collaborating Centre (RCC) of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has a big lead role to play, most especially in coordinating the community engagement and risk communication packages of the response, which is highly needed at this point. We reiterate that this framework remains relevant, if not timely, in rethinking pandemic preparedness and response in resource-limited settings.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology ; Marburg Virus Disease/prevention & control ; Equatorial Guinea ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Public Health ; Africa/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2514347-5
ISSN	1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
ISSN (online)	1937-8688
ISSN	1937-8688
DOI	10.11604/pamj.2023.44.110.39368
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of Linkage to Care and Prevention Interventions Following HIV Self-Testing: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda / Badru, Oluwaseun Abdulganiyu / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Bain, Luchuo Engelbert

AIDS and behavior

2023 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 1314–1326

Abstract: Over 38.4 million people were living with HIV globally in 2021. The HIV continuum includes HIV testing, diagnosis, linkage to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), and retention in care. An important innovation in the HIV care continuum is HIV self- ... ...

Abstract	Over 38.4 million people were living with HIV globally in 2021. The HIV continuum includes HIV testing, diagnosis, linkage to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), and retention in care. An important innovation in the HIV care continuum is HIV self-testing. There is a paucity of evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at linking self-testers to care and prevention, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). To bridge this gap, we carried out a global systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the effectiveness of interventions post-HIV self-testing regarding: (1) linkage to care or ART, (2) linkage to PrEP, and (3) the impact of HIV self-test (HIVST) interventions on sexual behaviors. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), MEDLINE (Ovid), Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. We included only published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiment that compared HIVST to the standard of care (SoC). Studies with sufficient data were aggregated using meta-analysis on RevMan 5.4 at a 95% confidence interval. Cochrane's Q test was used to assess heterogeneity between the studies, while Higgins and Thompson's I
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Sexual Behavior ; HIV Testing ; Self-Testing ; Self Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1339885-4
ISSN	1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
ISSN (online)	1573-3254
ISSN	1090-7165
DOI	10.1007/s10461-023-04162-5
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Article: Prevalence, Epidemiological, and Clinical Profile of Patients Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Context in Health Facilities in the East Region, Cameroon.

François Anicet, Onana Akoa / Kouanfack, Charles / Dama, Ulrich / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Abanda, Jean Ndibi / Tchoffo, Désiré / Mbu, Pearl Nsom / Yoniene, Pierre Yassa

International journal of MCH and AIDS

2024 Volume 13, Page(s) e006

Abstract: Background and objective: Suspected cases of tuberculosis (TB) are identified for confirmation by bacteriological tests through clinical screening for TB in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during routine visits or when ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Suspected cases of tuberculosis (TB) are identified for confirmation by bacteriological tests through clinical screening for TB in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during routine visits or when antiretrovirals (ARVs) are dispensed. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HIV-TB coinfected patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) setting in health facilities in the East Region of Cameroon. This study addresses knowledge gaps on HIV-TB coinfection during COVID-19, aiming to provide insights into the interaction and impact of HIV, TB, and COVID-19 on individuals' health. Methods: This was an observational study. It involved two retrospective cohorts of HIV-TB coinfected patients before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted manual reviews of the medical records and antiretroviral therapy (ART) and TB registers of 262 patients. These patients were coinfected with HIV and TB during the period from April 2019 to April 2021 in 11 health facilities in the East Cameroon health region. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the cases were extracted from the consultation registers and entered into the KoBo Collect application, then analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25. Results: In this study of 262 HIV-TB coinfection cases, 60.3% occurred before COVID-19, and 39.7% during the pandemic. HIV-TB coinfection prevalence among HIV patients was 1%. Patients averaged 39.3 years in age, with a significant shift in sex ratios from 0.65 to 1.33 between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 cohorts. Education varied, with 45.8% having secondary education, 44.8% with primary, 2.4% having higher education, and 7.1% having none. Most (78.9%) had professional occupations, and 53.7% lived in rural areas. The majority were newly diagnosed (96.3% before COVID-19; 93.3% during COVID-19), with 3.7% relapses and 4.2% discontinuing treatment. Most had pulmonary TB (84.9%) and were aware of treatment duration (94.6%). About 65.4% experienced treatment-related adverse events. Regarding family support, 69.3% received help with medication. However, the concern was 80.6% did not adhere to anti-COVID-19 measures. Conclusion and global health implications: Gender was significantly associated with compliance. Most patients were on treatment, but a small percentage had discontinued it. Patients need to be made aware of the importance of complying with anti-COVID-19 barrier measures to prevent a potential worsening of the health situation. Moreover, clinical and biological monitoring needs to be stepped up throughout the course of anti-TB treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715876-7
ISSN	2161-864X ; 2161-8674
ISSN (online)	2161-864X
ISSN	2161-8674
DOI	10.25259/IJMA_683
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Article ; Online: Marburg virus disease outbreak in Guinea: a SPIN framework of its transmission and control measures for an exemplary response pattern in West Africa.

Wirsiy, Frankline Sevidzem / Ako-Arrey, Denis Ebot / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Yeika, Eugene Vernyuy / Bain, Luchuo Engelbert

The Pan African medical journal

2021 Volume 40, Page(s) 143

Abstract: Responding to highly infectious diseases relies on a thorough understanding of transmission epidemiology. With the recent outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Guinea, we saw the need to shed some technical light based on published literature and ... ...

Abstract	Responding to highly infectious diseases relies on a thorough understanding of transmission epidemiology. With the recent outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Guinea, we saw the need to shed some technical light based on published literature and our field experiences. We reviewed 14 previous MVD outbreaks globally. Coupled with core one - health approaches, we propose a Socio-environmental context, Possible transmission routes, Informing and guiding public health action, Needs in terms of control measures (SPIN) framework as a guiding tool for response teams to appropriately approach future infectious disease outbreaks.
MeSH term(s)	Africa, Western ; Animals ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Guinea/epidemiology ; Humans ; Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology ; Marburg Virus Disease/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-08
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2514347-5
ISSN	1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
ISSN (online)	1937-8688
ISSN	1937-8688
DOI	10.11604/pamj.2021.40.143.31709
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Article: Malaria Elimination: What Can Africa Learn from China?

Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Ngou, Olivia / Subi, Caroline Ekoko / Mohlin, Sofia / Bemadoum, Fidele / Teboh, Sylvanus / Wirsiy, Frankline Sevidzem / Engelbert Bain, Luchuo

International journal of MCH and AIDS

2022 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) e526

Abstract: For decades now, malaria has been an important public health concern in Africa, which bears the greatest burden for the disease, affecting children and adults alike. Although a few countries (Australia, Brunei, Singapore, and Algeria, among others) have ... ...

Abstract	For decades now, malaria has been an important public health concern in Africa, which bears the greatest burden for the disease, affecting children and adults alike. Although a few countries (Australia, Brunei, Singapore, and Algeria, among others) have previously eliminated malaria, the World Health Organization (WHO), on June 30, 2021, declared China malaria-free. This commentary seeks to explore what China did differently to eliminate malaria and what Africa can learn from China's experience. First, Africa can use innovative tools and strategies used by China to attain success. Second, Africa can create a multi-sector collaboration among Heads of States in high burden malaria-affected countries by involving all stakeholders such as ministries of health, finance, research, education, development, public security, the army, police, commerce, industry, and information technology, customs, media and tourism to jointly fight malaria in all African countries. Furthermore, African countries could adapt the genetics-based approaches used by China in the elimination of mosquito breeding grounds. Finally, Africa can also adapt a better surveillance system of reporting on malaria daily as China did in their experience.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715876-7
ISSN	2161-864X ; 2161-8674
ISSN (online)	2161-864X
ISSN	2161-8674
DOI	10.21106/ijma.526
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Article ; Online: Non-SHEF2 Model related containment and control measures against COVID-19 in Africa.

Wirsiy, Frankline Sevidzem / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Bede, Fala / Nzoyom, Rosette Boseme / Cumber, Samuel Nambile

The Pan African medical journal

2020 Volume 35, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 86

Abstract: COVID-19 Pandemic has the potential to overwhelm the underserved health care systems of African countries characterized by inadequate infrastructure and too few medical personnel. In responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic, many African countries are using a ...

Abstract	COVID-19 Pandemic has the potential to overwhelm the underserved health care systems of African countries characterized by inadequate infrastructure and too few medical personnel. In responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic, many African countries are using a combination of containment and mitigation activities but in this commentary, we focus on what we term the Non-SHEF2 (S: Social distancing, H: Hands, E: Elbows, F: Face, F: Feel) model related control and containment measures which include seven key measures against COVID-19 doped 'TITHQC2' namely, T: Travel-related measures, I: Information and guidance, T: Treatment; H: Hospital containment measures; Q: Quarantine, C: Community containment measures, C: Case detection and contact tracing. COVID-19 is a reality and demands rapid and decisive action to be taken.
MeSH term(s)	Africa ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Contact Tracing ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Quarantine ; Travel
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-21
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2514347-5
ISSN	1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
ISSN (online)	1937-8688
ISSN	1937-8688
DOI	10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.24061
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Article ; Online: Socio-economic predictors of uptake of malaria interventions among pregnant women and mothers of under 5 children in Oyo State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Oladimeji, Kelechi Elizabeth / Tsoka-Gwegweni, Joyce Mahlako / Anyiam, Felix Emeka / Yaya, Sanni / Nutor, Jerry John / Abiodun, Gbenga / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Hegazy, Doaa / Awe, Oluwafunmilola Deborah / Goon, Daniel Ter

The Pan African medical journal

2023 Volume 44, Page(s) 65

Abstract: Introduction: socio-economic status (SES), especially for women, influence access to care. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SES and uptake of malaria intervention by pregnant women and non-pregnant mothers of children under 5 years ...

Abstract	Introduction: socio-economic status (SES), especially for women, influence access to care. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SES and uptake of malaria intervention by pregnant women and non-pregnant mothers of children under 5 years old in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted at Adeoyo teaching hospital located in Ibadan, Nigeria. The hospital-based study population included consenting mothers. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered modified validated demographic health survey questionnaire. The statistical analysis involved both descriptive (mean, count, frequency) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, logistic regression). Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: mean age of the study´s total of 1373 respondents was 29 years (SD: 5.2). Of these, 60% (818) were pregnant. The non-pregnant mothers of children under five years old showed a significantly increased odds (OR: 7.55, 95% CI: 3.81, 14.93) for the uptake of malaria intervention. Within the low SES category, women aged 35 years and above were significantly less likely to utilize malaria intervention (OR=0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.46; p=0.005) compared to those younger. In the middle SES, women who have one or two children were 3.51 times more likely than women with three or more children to utilize malaria intervention (OR=3.51; 95% CI: 1.67-7.37; p=0.001). Conclusion: the findings provide evidence that age, maternal grouping, and parity within the SES category can significantly impact on uptake of malaria interventions. There is a need for strategies to boost the SES of women because they play significant roles in the wellbeing of members of the home.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Child ; Pregnancy ; Child, Preschool ; Adult ; Pregnant Women ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Social Class
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2514347-5
ISSN	1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
ISSN (online)	1937-8688
ISSN	1937-8688
DOI	10.11604/pamj.2023.44.65.27885
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Article ; Online: Political instability and hiv/aids response in the south west and north west regions of Cameroon: a qualitative study.

Mekolle, Julius Enongene / Tshimwanga, Katayi Edouard / Ongeh, Niba Juste / Agbornkwai, Agbor Nyenty / Amadeus, Omeichu Agwenam / Esa, Ismaela / Mekolle, Keshia Ebude / Forbinake, Ndung Ako / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Atanga, Pascal Nji

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 2155

Abstract: Background: Politically motivated violence and insecurity continue to be a major threat to progress in HIV epidemic control and a significant contributor to health inequality. Despite a decreasing HIV/AIDS disease burden, the Republic of Cameroon in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Politically motivated violence and insecurity continue to be a major threat to progress in HIV epidemic control and a significant contributor to health inequality. Despite a decreasing HIV/AIDS disease burden, the Republic of Cameroon in West Africa is experiencing ongoing political instability in her North and South West Regions. Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key frontline health care providers' (fHCP) perceptions of the effects of political instability on HIV/AIDS response gains in Cameroon since 2018, as well as lessons learned for overcoming them. Methods: Between July and August 2022, semi-structured, in-depth key informant interviews involving 10 purposively selected participants were conducted in the two regions. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, coded thematically, and analyzed manually. Results: Six overarching themes emerged from the transcribed key informant interviews. They were as follows: Challenge with access to and availability of health care services (HIV care, commodity supply chain) in the smaller communities; Impact on continuity of treatment; Increased risk of new HIV infections; The socioeconomic impact of the crisis on the quality of life; The impact of the crisis on fHCPs' physical and mental health and the health system'; and Coping mechanisms. Conclusions: Frontline healthcare workers have acknowledged the significant impact the current political instability has had in hindering the development and advancement of a successful local response to HIV/AIDS in the two impacted regions of Cameroon. Coordinated efforts must be made to strengthen the health sector in areas such as HIV healthcare decentralization, supply chain, and protecting frontline healthcare workers from political quagmires in order to lessen the impact of the nation's socio-political crisis on the HIV/AIDS response and, more generally, on the entire health sector.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Health Status Disparities ; Quality of Life ; Qualitative Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-16994-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Use of Trained Non-Medical Staff to Improve Access to HIV Testing Services in Africa: Implementation of the World Health Organization Opt-out Approach in Cameroon.

Kouanfack, Charles / Lekelem, Skinner Nguefack / Bede, Fala / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Nouafo, Yvette Micha / Tchokonte, Christian / Zephirin, Nicaise Tsomo / Fouda, Pierre Joseph

International journal of MCH and AIDS

2021 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 119–127

Abstract: Background: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2019 estimated that 450,000 to 50,000 people in Cameroon were living with HIV, yet only 79% knew their HIV status which is far from the 90% target for 2020. To address this situation, ...

Abstract	Background: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2019 estimated that 450,000 to 50,000 people in Cameroon were living with HIV, yet only 79% knew their HIV status which is far from the 90% target for 2020. To address this situation, Cameroon adopted the "Opt-out" strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) and use of trained non-medical cadre (psychosocial agents) to reach out to more people with HIV testing services (HTS). This describes the implementation and outcomes of this strategy by reviewing the activity of a typical day in the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) in Cameroon. Methods: HTS were offered to hospitalized and ambulatory patients (including their companions) in different departments of the YCH. Following screening for recent HIV testing, those with unknown HIV status that gave consent or did not explicitly refuse testing (as per the "Opt-out Strategy"), were counseled and tested for HIV. Testing followed the "National HIV Rapid Testing Algorithm" using rapid diagnostic test kits. Results were either positive, negative or indeterminate. Patients with positive HIV results were linked to the Care and Treatment Center for treatment initiation. Results: Of the 350 patients screened and offered HTS using non-medical cadre (psychosocial agents), 193 (55.1%) were hospitalized and 157 (44.9%) came for outpatient visits. The age of participants ranged from 14 to 92 years and the yield of HIV testing in the sample population was 5.1% (6.2% for hospitalized patients and 3.8% for outpatient clinics). Statistics revealed that five HIV-positive patients had never been offered HTS before the study. The study revealed that HTS acceptance rate among hospitalized patients was 69.6% and that all new positive patients started antiretroviral treatment on the same day. Conclusion and global health implications: It is feasible to use trained non-medical staff for HIV testing services (HTS). Task-shifting by using trained psychosocial agents can help in case identification and linkage to HIV treatment services.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715876-7
ISSN	2161-864X ; 2161-8674
ISSN (online)	2161-864X
ISSN	2161-8674
DOI	10.21106/ijma.426
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Acceptability of COVID-19 Vaccine in Africa.

Wirsiy, Frankline Sevidzem / Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu / Ako-Arrey, Denis Ebot / Dongmo, Esther Kenfack / Manjong, Florence Titu / Cumber, Samuel Nambile

International journal of MCH and AIDS

2021 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 134–138

Abstract: As Africa prepares to overcome the difficult challenges of COVID-19 vaccination roll-outs, a number of factors, including equitable access, effective and efficient sufficient supply chains, a scope of established determinants will need to be considered ... ...

Abstract	As Africa prepares to overcome the difficult challenges of COVID-19 vaccination roll-outs, a number of factors, including equitable access, effective and efficient sufficient supply chains, a scope of established determinants will need to be considered in order to enhance vaccine acceptability and uptake. In this commentary, we present six major determinants of vaccine acceptability and uptake in Africa. We summarize these determinants with the acronym VAMRIS: V= Vaccine hesitancy; A= Attitude and uptake by health care workers; M= Misinformation; R= Religion; I= Immunization roll out plans; S= Social influences and enabling environment. Understanding determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptability will guide public health officials make informed decisions. As the Vaccine becomes progressively available, strategies for efficient roll-out to achieve massive uptake by the targeted population will depend on a number of factors. These include: community engagement efforts; types of health promotion activities and/or messages; community sensitization to dispel myths and misconceptions; endorsements and buy-ins from local champions, celebrities, authorities; logistic considerations; and incentives to health counsellors/workers to create demand.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715876-7
ISSN	2161-864X ; 2161-8674
ISSN (online)	2161-864X
ISSN	2161-8674
DOI	10.21106/ijma.482
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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