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  1. Article ; Online: Spillover effects of organic agriculture on pesticide use on nearby fields.

    Larsen, Ashley E / Noack, Frederik / Powers, L Claire

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2024  Volume 383, Issue 6689, Page(s) eadf2572

    Abstract: The environmental impacts of organic agriculture are only partially understood and whether such practices have spillover effects on pests or pest control activity in nearby fields remains unknown. Using about 14,000 field observations per year from 2013 ... ...

    Abstract The environmental impacts of organic agriculture are only partially understood and whether such practices have spillover effects on pests or pest control activity in nearby fields remains unknown. Using about 14,000 field observations per year from 2013 to 2019 in Kern County, California, we postulate that organic crop producers benefit from surrounding organic fields decreasing overall pesticide use and, specifically, pesticides targeting insect pests. Conventional fields, by contrast, tend to increase pesticide use as the area of surrounding organic production increases. Our simulation suggests that spatially clustering organic cropland can entirely mitigate spillover effects that lead to an increase in net pesticide use.
    MeSH term(s) Environment ; Organic Agriculture ; Pest Control ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Computer Simulation
    Chemical Substances Pesticides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.adf2572
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    Zs.A 27: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: The land use consequences of rural to urban migration

    Brewer, Julia / Larsen, Ashley / Noack, Frederik

    American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2024 Jan., v. 106, no. 1 p.177-205

    2024  

    Abstract: Rural to urban migration (RUM) is a key component of economic development, but its environmental consequences are not well understood. Here, we study the impacts of RUM on agriculture and land use using household panel data in combination with tree cover ...

    Abstract Rural to urban migration (RUM) is a key component of economic development, but its environmental consequences are not well understood. Here, we study the impacts of RUM on agriculture and land use using household panel data in combination with tree cover data from Uganda. Our results show that the labor loss and the inflow of remittances from RUM lead to a reduction in crop diversity but no shift toward less labor‐intensive crops or crops with a high up‐front investment. In addition to those results at the intensive margin, we find a reduction of cultivated area at the household level, which translates into reduced tree cover loss at the district level. These results suggest an important but nuanced role of RUM for land use change.
    Keywords agricultural economics ; cultivation area ; economic development ; labor ; land use change ; trees ; Uganda
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2024-01
    Size p. 177-205.
    Publishing place Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 218188-5
    ISSN 0002-9092
    ISSN 0002-9092
    DOI 10.1111/ajae.12369
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  3. Article: A bird's eye view of farm size and biodiversity: The ecological legacy of the iron curtain

    Noack, Frederik / Larsen, Ashley / Kamp, Johannes / Levers, Christian

    American journal of agricultural economics. 2022 Aug., v. 104, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: Agriculture is a major threat to global biodiversity. A common claim is that large‐scale agro‐industrial farming is mainly responsible for the biodiversity decline, while smaller family farms are more wildlife friendly. Here we leverage a natural ... ...

    Abstract Agriculture is a major threat to global biodiversity. A common claim is that large‐scale agro‐industrial farming is mainly responsible for the biodiversity decline, while smaller family farms are more wildlife friendly. Here we leverage a natural experiment along the former inner German border to estimate the causal impact of farm size on biodiversity. We combine land cover data with bird diversity data to establish the mechanisms through which farm size affects bird diversity. Our main results show that the increase in farm size at the former inner German border reduces bird diversity by 15%. The results suggest further that the decline is the result of land cover simplification rather than land use intensification.
    Keywords biodiversity ; birds ; farm size ; land cover ; land use ; wildlife
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Size p. 1460-1484.
    Publishing place Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 218188-5
    ISSN 0002-9092
    ISSN 0002-9092
    DOI 10.1111/ajae.12274
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  4. Article ; Online: Human casualties are the dominant cost of human-wildlife conflict in India.

    Gulati, Sumeet / Karanth, Krithi K / Le, Nguyet Anh / Noack, Frederik

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2021  Volume 118, Issue 8

    Abstract: Reducing the costs from human-wildlife conflict, mostly borne by marginal rural households, is a priority for conservation. We estimate the mean species-specific cost for households suffering damages from one of 15 major species of wildlife in India. Our ...

    Abstract Reducing the costs from human-wildlife conflict, mostly borne by marginal rural households, is a priority for conservation. We estimate the mean species-specific cost for households suffering damages from one of 15 major species of wildlife in India. Our data are from a survey of 5,196 households living near 11 wildlife reserves in India, and self-reported annual costs include crop and livestock losses and human casualties (injuries and death). By employing conservative estimates from the literature on the value of a statistical life (VSL), we find that costs from human casualties overwhelm crop and livestock damages for all species associated with fatalities. Farmers experiencing a negative interaction with an elephant over the last year incur damages on average that are 600 and 900 times those incurred by farmers with negative interactions with the next most costly herbivores: the pig and the nilgai. Similarly, farmers experiencing a negative interaction with a tiger over the last year incur damage that is on average 3 times that inflicted by a leopard and 100 times that from a wolf. These cost differences are largely driven by differences in the incidence of human death and casualties. Our estimate of costs fluctuates across reserves, mostly due to a variation of human casualties. Understanding the drivers of human casualties and reducing their incidence are crucial to reducing the costs from human-wildlife conflict.Most of the tales were about animals, for the Jungle was always at their door. The deer and the pig grubbed up their crops, and now and again the tiger carried off a man at twilight, within sight of the village gates. "Tiger! Tiger!" (Rudyard Kipling,
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Crops, Agricultural/economics ; Farmers ; Humans ; Livestock/physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Public Opinion
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1921338118
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  5. Article ; Online: Identifying the landscape drivers of agricultural insecticide use leveraging evidence from 100,000 fields.

    Larsen, Ashley E / Noack, Frederik

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2017  Volume 114, Issue 21, Page(s) 5473–5478

    Abstract: Agricultural landscape intensification has enabled food production to meet growing demand. However, there are concerns that more simplified cropland with lower crop diversity, less noncrop habitat, and larger fields results in increased use of pesticides ...

    Abstract Agricultural landscape intensification has enabled food production to meet growing demand. However, there are concerns that more simplified cropland with lower crop diversity, less noncrop habitat, and larger fields results in increased use of pesticides due to a lack of natural pest control and more homogeneous crop resources. Here, we use data on crop production and insecticide use from over 100,000 field-level observations from Kern County, California, encompassing the years 2005-2013 to test if crop diversity, field size, and cropland extent affect insecticide use in practice. Overall, we find that higher crop diversity does reduce insecticide use, but the relationship is strongly influenced by the differences in crop types between diverse and less diverse landscapes. Further, we find insecticide use increases with increasing field size. The effect of cropland extent is distance-dependent, with nearby cropland decreasing insecticide use, whereas cropland further away increases insecticide use. This refined spatial perspective provides unique understanding of how different components of landscape simplification influence insecticide use over space and for different crops. Our results indicate that neither the traditionally conceived "simplified" nor "complex" agricultural landscape is most beneficial to reducing insecticide inputs; reality is far more complex.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1620674114
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  6. Book ; Article ; Online: Rural-urban migration and the re-organization of agriculture

    Madhok, Raahil / Noack, Frederik / Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq / Deschênes, Olivier

    2022  

    Abstract: This paper studies the response of agricultural production to rural labor loss during the process of urbanization. Using household microdata from India and exogenous variation in migration induced by urban income shocks interacted with distance to cities, ...

    Abstract This paper studies the response of agricultural production to rural labor loss during the process of urbanization. Using household microdata from India and exogenous variation in migration induced by urban income shocks interacted with distance to cities, we document sharp declines in crop production among migrant-sending households residing near cities. Households with migration opportunities do not substitute agricultural labour with capital, nor do they adopt new agricultural machinery. Instead, they divest from agriculture altogether and cultivate less land. We use a two-sector general equilibrium model with crop and land markets to trace the ensuing spatial reorganization of agriculture. Other non-migrant village residents expand farming (land market channel) and farmers in more remote villages with fewer migration opportunities adopt yield-enhancing technologies and produce more crops (crop market channel). Counterfactual simulations show that over half of the aggregate food production losses driven by urbanization is mitigated by these spillovers. This leads to a spatial reorganization in which food production moves away from urban areas and towards remote areas with low emigration.
    Keywords ddc:330
    Subject code 910
    Language English
    Publisher New Haven, CT: Yale University, Economic Growth Center
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Structural Change in Resource-Abundant Economies

    Noack, Frederik [Verfasser]

    2014  

    Author's details Frederik Noack
    Keywords Wirtschaft ; Economics
    Subject code sg330
    Language English
    Publisher Universitätsbibliothek Kiel
    Publishing place Kiel
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
    Database Digital theses on the web

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  8. Book ; Online: Informal credit markets, common-pool resources and education

    Riekhof, Marie-Catherine / Noack, Frederik

    (Economics working paper series / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 252 (July 2016))

    2016  

    Author's details M.-C. Riekhof and F. Noack
    Series title Economics working paper series / CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich ; 252 (July 2016)
    Keywords Kreditmarkt ; Informelle Wirtschaft ; Humankapital ; Bildungsinvestition ; Kinderarbeit ; Externer Effekt ; Theorie
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich
    Publishing place Zürich
    Document type Book ; Online
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-a-010683882
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  9. Article: Climate, crops, and forests: a pan-tropical analysis of household income generation

    Wunder, Sven / Angelsen, Arild / Noack, Frederik

    Environment and development economics. 2018 June, v. 23, no. 3

    2018  

    Abstract: Rural households in developing countries depend on crops, forest extraction and other income sources for their livelihoods, but these livelihood contributions are sensitive to climate change. Combining socioeconomic data from about 8,000 smallholder ... ...

    Abstract Rural households in developing countries depend on crops, forest extraction and other income sources for their livelihoods, but these livelihood contributions are sensitive to climate change. Combining socioeconomic data from about 8,000 smallholder households across the tropics with gridded precipitation and temperature data, we find that households have the highest crop income at 21°C temperature and 2,000 mm precipitation. Forest incomes increase on both sides of this agricultural maximum. We further find indications that crop income declines in response to weather shocks while forest income increases, suggesting that households may cope by reallocating inputs from agriculture to forests. Forest production may thus be less sensitive than crop production to climatic fluctuations, gaining comparative advantage in extreme climates and under weather anomalies. This suggests that well-managed forests might help poor rural households to cope with and adapt to future climate change.
    Keywords climate change ; crop production ; crops ; developing countries ; forests ; household income ; households ; livelihood ; temperature ; timber production ; tropics ; weather
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-06
    Size p. 279-297.
    Publishing place Cambridge University Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1501045-4
    ISSN 1469-4395 ; 1355-770X
    ISSN (online) 1469-4395
    ISSN 1355-770X
    DOI 10.1017/S1355770X18000116
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  10. Article: When will higher interest payments lead to more education?

    Riekhof, Marie-Catherine / Noack, Frederik

    Essays in resource and development economics , p. 37-57

    2014  , Page(s) 37–57

    Author's details Marie-Catherine Riekhof with Frederik Noack
    Keywords Indien ; Informeller Finanzsektor ; Zins ; Kredittilgung ; Bildungsinvestition ; Kinderarbeit ; Gemeingüter ; Ungelernte Arbeitskräfte ; Theorie ; Fischerei
    Language English
    Size graph. Darst.
    Document type Article
    Database ECONomics Information System

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