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  1. Article ; Online: Trends in blood pressure changes and hypertension prevalence in Australian adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Nolde, Janis M / Streets, Fleur / Meyer, Denny / Chen, Won Sun / Wei, Jiajun / Wickramasinghe, Nilmini / Hannebery, Patrick / Lambert, Gavin W / Schlaich, Markus P

    Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)

    2024  Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 145–154

    Abstract: Efforts to limit the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to the implementation of public health measures and reallocation of health resources. To investigate trends in blood pressure (BP), hypertension and BMI in the Australian ... ...

    Abstract Efforts to limit the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to the implementation of public health measures and reallocation of health resources. To investigate trends in blood pressure (BP), hypertension and BMI in the Australian population during the COVID-19 pandemic, data from publicly accessible health stations were analyzed. Average BP and BMI measured by the SiSU Health Station network in Australia in over 1.6 million health screenings were compared between the years 2018 and 2021. Additionally, paired trajectories for BP and BMI development before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were calculated. Comparisons between pre-COVID years and post-COVID years of 2018 versus 2020, 2019 versus 2020, 2018 versus 2021, and 2019 versus 2021 showed increases in average adjusted systolic BP of 2.0, 1.7, 2.6, and 2.3 mmHg, respectively. Paired analysis of longitudinal data showed an overall increase in the trajectory of systolic BP of 3.2 mmHg between pre- and post-COVID years. The prevalence of hypertension in users of the health stations increased by approximately 25% in the years 2020-2021. Similar trends were seen for BMI. Data from public Australian health stations indicated a strong trend toward higher BP during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the population level, BP increments have been shown to markedly increase cardiovascular disease risk. Anti-pandemic measures need to be carefully evaluated in terms of secondary public health effects and health support systems extended to effectively target cardiovascular risk.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Blood Pressure ; Pandemics ; Prevalence ; Australia/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2077222-1
    ISSN 1751-7176 ; 1524-6175
    ISSN (online) 1751-7176
    ISSN 1524-6175
    DOI 10.1111/jch.14761
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: No Evidence for Long Term Blood Pressure Differences Between Eversion and Conventional Carotid Endarterectomy in Two Independent Study Cohorts.

    Nolde, Janis M / Cheng, Suk F / Richards, Toby / Schlaich, Markus P

    European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery

    2021  Volume 63, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–42

    Abstract: Objective: Blood pressure (BP) management is a vital aspect of stroke prevention and post-stroke care. Different surgical carotid endarterectomy (CEA) techniques may impact on BP control post-operatively. Specifically, the carotid sinus nerve, which ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Blood pressure (BP) management is a vital aspect of stroke prevention and post-stroke care. Different surgical carotid endarterectomy (CEA) techniques may impact on BP control post-operatively. Specifically, the carotid sinus nerve, which innervates the carotid baroreceptors and carotid body, is commonly left intact during conventional CEA but is routinely transected as part of eversion CEA. The aim of this study was to assess long term BP control after eversion and conventional CEA.
    Methods: Patients from the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS cohort) and a personal series of patients from the Stroke Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL cohort) were separately analysed and divided into eversion and conventional CEA groups. Mixed effect linear models were fitted and adjusted for baseline demographic data and antihypertensive treatment to test for changes in BP from baseline over a three year follow up period after the respective procedures.
    Results: There were no differences in changes in baseline BP readings and follow up readings between eversion and conventional CEA in the ICSS or UCL cohorts. In the ICSS cohort a mild but significant systolic (-8.6 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI] -10.6 - -6.6) and diastolic (-4.9 mmHg; 95% CI -6.0 - -3.8) BP lowering effect was evident at discharge in the conventional group but not in the eversion CEA group. BP monitoring during follow up did not reveal any consistent BP changes with either conventional or eversion CEA vs. baseline levels.
    Conclusion: Neither conventional nor eversion CEA seem to result in clinically significant long term BP changes. Potential concerns related to either short or long term alterations in BP levels with transection of the carotid sinus nerve during eversion CEA could not be substantiated.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Sinus/innervation ; Carotid Stenosis/complications ; Carotid Stenosis/surgery ; Endarterectomy, Carotid/adverse effects ; Endarterectomy, Carotid/methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/etiology ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/physiopathology ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/surgery ; Male ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/physiopathology ; Stroke/surgery ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Antihypertensive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1225869-6
    ISSN 1532-2165 ; 1078-5884
    ISSN (online) 1532-2165
    ISSN 1078-5884
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.09.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Evaluation of Circulating Platelet Extracellular Vesicles and Hypertension Mediated Organ Damage.

    Lugo-Gavidia, Leslie Marisol / Burger, Dylan / Nolde, Janis M / Matthews, Vance B / Schlaich, Markus P

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 23

    Abstract: Elevated circulating platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) have been associated with arterial hypertension. The role of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) to induce EV release is still unknown. We studied the micro- and macro-vascular ... ...

    Abstract Elevated circulating platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) have been associated with arterial hypertension. The role of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) to induce EV release is still unknown. We studied the micro- and macro-vascular changes (retinal vascular density and pulse wave velocity), endothelial function (flow-mediated vasodilation of brachial artery and finger plethysmography), and assessed the psychosocial status (anxiety and depression) in hypertensive patients to determine their relationship with EV release. Pulse wave velocity showed a significant positive correlation with pEVs (r = 0.33; p = 0.01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) negatively correlated with retinal vascularity. The superficial retinal vascular plexus density in the whole image showed a significant negative correlation with 24 h SBP (r = −0.38, p < 0.01), day-SBP (r = −0.35, p = 0.01), and night-SBP (r = −0.27, p = 0.04). pEVs did not show significant associations with microvascular damage (retinal vascular density), endothelial function (flow-mediated vasodilation of brachial artery and finger plethysmography), or psychosocial status (anxiety and depression). Our results indicate that the pEV levels were associated with macrovascular damage measured by PWV, whereas no significant association between pEVs and microvascular damage, endothelial function, or emotional status could be detected. The potential utility of pEV in clinical practice in the context of HMOD may be limited to macrovascular changes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Hypertension ; Brachial Artery ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Extracellular Vesicles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms232315150
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Global Impact of Different Blood Pressure Thresholds in 4 021 690 Participants of the May Measurement Month Initiative.

    Nolde, Janis M / Beaney, Thomas / Carnagarin, Revathy / Schutte, Aletta E / Poulter, Neil R / Schlaich, Markus P

    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

    2022  Volume 79, Issue 7, Page(s) 1497–1505

    Abstract: Background: Influential guidelines currently define hypertension at different thresholds of blood pressure (BP). The global May Measurement Month initiative provides a unique opportunity to estimate the potential consequences of universal lowering of BP ...

    Abstract Background: Influential guidelines currently define hypertension at different thresholds of blood pressure (BP). The global May Measurement Month initiative provides a unique opportunity to estimate the potential consequences of universal lowering of BP thresholds on the prevalence of hypertension based on a large, real-world, patient-level data set.
    Methods: The average of the second and third of 3 attended BP readings after 5 minutes of rest from 4 021 690 standardized, opportunistic BP screenings in various settings of the 2017 to 2019 May Measurement Month initiatives from 104 countries were analyzed to assess the demographic and phenotypic impact of 3 defined BP thresholds.
    Results: The age- and sex-standardized median of the relative increase in rate of hypertension with a change of thresholds from ≥140/≥90 to ≥130/≥80 mm Hg was 72.3% (interquartile range, 59.3%-91.3%) among the participating countries. With a change from ≥140/≥90 to ≥120/≥70 mm Hg, the median range was 162.6% (interquartile range, 132.8%-202.6%). The increase in rate of hypertension was most pronounced in low-income (95.3% and 203.9%) and least pronounced in high-income countries (71.6% and 167.1%).
    Conclusions: The impact of a universal application of lower BP thresholds for the definition of hypertension would have an enormous impact on the prevalence of hypertension globally with large disparities between countries and substantial heterogeneity of demographic and phenotypic patterns, which should be confirmed in dedicated population studies. While focusing on lower BP targets may constitute an opportunity for early intervention, the potential socioeconomic consequences may pose unsurmountable obstacles for most health care systems worldwide.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Pressure/physiology ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Humans ; Hypertension/diagnosis ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 423736-5
    ISSN 1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    ISSN (online) 1524-4563
    ISSN 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    DOI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19144
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Neural Network Modelling for Predicting Gene Variants Causative of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in the Clinic.

    Nolde, Janis M / Pang, Jing / Chan, Dick C / Ward, Natalie C / Mian, Ajmal / Schlaich, Markus P / Watts, Gerald F

    Heart, lung & circulation

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) e44–e45

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics ; Neural Networks, Computer
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2020980-0
    ISSN 1444-2892 ; 1443-9506
    ISSN (online) 1444-2892
    ISSN 1443-9506
    DOI 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.04.003
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  6. Article ; Online: Taming resistant hypertension: The promise of novel pharmacologic approaches and renal denervation.

    Azzam, Omar / Nejad, Sayeh Heidari / Carnagarin, Revathy / Nolde, Janis M / Galindo-Kiuchi, Marcio / Schlaich, Markus P

    British journal of pharmacology

    2023  Volume 181, Issue 3, Page(s) 319–339

    Abstract: Resistant hypertension is associated with an exceedingly high cardiovascular risk and there remains an unmet therapeutic need driven by pathophysiologic pathways unaddressed by guideline-recommended therapy. While spironolactone is widely considered as ... ...

    Abstract Resistant hypertension is associated with an exceedingly high cardiovascular risk and there remains an unmet therapeutic need driven by pathophysiologic pathways unaddressed by guideline-recommended therapy. While spironolactone is widely considered as the preferable fourth-line drug, its broad application is limited by its side effect profile, especially off-target steroid receptor-mediated effects and hyperkalaemia in at-risk subpopulations. Recent landmark trials have reported promising safety and efficacy results for a number of novel compounds targeting relevant pathophysiologic pathways that remain unopposed by contemporary drugs. These include the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, aprocitentan, the aldosterone synthase inhibitor, baxdrostat and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone. Furthermore, the evidence base for consideration of catheter-based renal denervation as a safe and effective adjunct therapeutic approach across the clinical spectrum of hypertension has been further substantiated. This review will summarise the recently published evidence on novel antihypertensive drugs and renal denervation in the context of resistant hypertension.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Kidney ; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Spironolactone/therapeutic use ; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Denervation
    Chemical Substances Antihypertensive Agents ; Spironolactone (27O7W4T232) ; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80081-8
    ISSN 1476-5381 ; 0007-1188
    ISSN (online) 1476-5381
    ISSN 0007-1188
    DOI 10.1111/bph.16247
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  7. Article ; Online: Ocular biomarkers: useful incidental findings by deep learning algorithms in fundus photographs.

    Martin, Eve / Cook, Angus G / Frost, Shaun M / Turner, Angus W / Chen, Fred K / McAllister, Ian L / Nolde, Janis M / Schlaich, Markus P

    Eye (London, England)

    2024  

    Abstract: Background/objectives: Artificial intelligence can assist with ocular image analysis for screening and diagnosis, but it is not yet capable of autonomous full-spectrum screening. Hypothetically, false-positive results may have unrealized screening ... ...

    Abstract Background/objectives: Artificial intelligence can assist with ocular image analysis for screening and diagnosis, but it is not yet capable of autonomous full-spectrum screening. Hypothetically, false-positive results may have unrealized screening potential arising from signals persisting despite training and/or ambiguous signals such as from biomarker overlap or high comorbidity. The study aimed to explore the potential to detect clinically useful incidental ocular biomarkers by screening fundus photographs of hypertensive adults using diabetic deep learning algorithms.
    Subjects/methods: Patients referred for treatment-resistant hypertension were imaged at a hospital unit in Perth, Australia, between 2016 and 2022. The same 45° colour fundus photograph selected for each of the 433 participants imaged was processed by three deep learning algorithms. Two expert retinal specialists graded all false-positive results for diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic participants.
    Results: Of the 29 non-diabetic participants misclassified as positive for diabetic retinopathy, 28 (97%) had clinically useful retinal biomarkers. The models designed to screen for fewer diseases captured more incidental disease. All three algorithms showed a positive correlation between severity of hypertensive retinopathy and misclassified diabetic retinopathy.
    Conclusions: The results suggest that diabetic deep learning models may be responsive to hypertensive and other clinically useful retinal biomarkers within an at-risk, hypertensive cohort. Observing that models trained for fewer diseases captured more incidental pathology increases confidence in signalling hypotheses aligned with using self-supervised learning to develop autonomous comprehensive screening. Meanwhile, non-referable and false-positive outputs of other deep learning screening models could be explored for immediate clinical use in other populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 91001-6
    ISSN 1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
    ISSN (online) 1476-5454
    ISSN 0950-222X
    DOI 10.1038/s41433-024-03085-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Long-Term Blood Pressure Reductions Following Catheter-Based Renal Denervation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    Sesa-Ashton, Gianni / Nolde, Janis M / Muente, Ida / Carnagarin, Revathy / Macefield, Vaughan G / Dawood, Tye / Lambert, Elisabeth A / Lambert, Gavin W / Walton, Antony / Esler, Murray D / Schlaich, Markus P

    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

    2024  Volume 81, Issue 6, Page(s) e63–e70

    Abstract: Background: Renal denervation is a recognized adjunct therapy for hypertension with clinically significant blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects. Long-term follow-up data are critical to ascertain durability of the effect and safety. Aside from the 36- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Renal denervation is a recognized adjunct therapy for hypertension with clinically significant blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects. Long-term follow-up data are critical to ascertain durability of the effect and safety. Aside from the 36-month follow-up data available from randomized control trials, recent cohort analyses extended follow-up out to 10 years. We sought to analyze study-level data and quantify the ambulatory BP reduction of renal denervation across contemporary randomized sham-controlled trials and available long-term follow-up data up to 10 years from observational studies.
    Methods: A systematic review was performed with data from 4 observational studies with follow-up out to 10 years and 2 randomized controlled trials meeting search and inclusion criteria with follow-up data out to 36 months. Study-level data were extracted and compared statistically.
    Results: In 2 contemporary randomized controlled trials with 36-month follow-up, an average sham-adjusted ambulatory systolic BP reduction of -12.7±4.5 mm Hg from baseline was observed (
    Conclusions: Renal denervation is associated with a significant and clinically meaningful reduction in ambulatory systolic BP in both contemporary randomized sham-controlled trials up to 36 months and observational cohort studies up to 10 years without adverse consequences on renal function.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hypertension/surgery ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Kidney/innervation ; Sympathectomy/methods ; Catheter Ablation/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review ; Meta-Analysis
    ZDB-ID 423736-5
    ISSN 1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    ISSN (online) 1524-4563
    ISSN 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    DOI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22314
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Therapeutic inertia in hypertension management - status quo in primary care.

    Schlaich, Markus P / Kiuchi, Marcio G / Nolde, Janis M / Lugo-Gavidia, Leslie Marisol / Carnagarin, Revathy

    Journal of hypertension

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 6, Page(s) 1107–1108

    MeSH term(s) Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Primary Health Care
    Chemical Substances Antihypertensive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605532-1
    ISSN 1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    ISSN (online) 1473-5598
    ISSN 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    DOI 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002830
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  10. Article ; Online: Lipoprotein (a) and Hypertension.

    Ward, Natalie C / Nolde, Janis M / Chan, Justine / Carnagarin, Revathy / Watts, Gerald F / Schlaich, Markus P

    Current hypertension reports

    2021  Volume 23, Issue 12, Page(s) 44

    Abstract: Purpose of review: To provide an overview of the associations between elevated blood pressure and lipoprotein (a) and possible causal links, as well as data on the prevalence of elevated lipoprotein (a) in a cohort of hypertensive patients.: Recent ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: To provide an overview of the associations between elevated blood pressure and lipoprotein (a) and possible causal links, as well as data on the prevalence of elevated lipoprotein (a) in a cohort of hypertensive patients.
    Recent findings: Elevated lipoprotein (a) is now considered to be an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic valve disease. Despite this, there are limited data demonstrating an association between elevated lipoprotein (a) and hypertension. Further, there is limited mechanistic data linking lipoprotein (a) and hypertension through either renal impairment or direct effects on the vasculature. Despite the links between lipoprotein (a) and atherosclerosis, there are limited data demonstrating an association with hypertension. Evidence from our clinic suggests that ~ 30% of the patients in this at-risk, hypertensive cohort had elevated lipoprotein (a) levels and that measurement of lipoprotein (a) maybe useful in risk stratification.
    MeSH term(s) Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Calcinosis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Lipoprotein(a)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057367-4
    ISSN 1534-3111 ; 1522-6417
    ISSN (online) 1534-3111
    ISSN 1522-6417
    DOI 10.1007/s11906-021-01161-6
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