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  1. Article: Holmium:YAG laser: effects of various treatments on root surface topography and acid resistance.

    Holt, R A / Nordquist, R E

    Journal of biomedical optics

    2012  Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 230–236

    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1309154-2
    ISSN 1083-3668
    ISSN 1083-3668
    DOI 10.1117/12.231364
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Conference proceedings ; Online: Brave breeds and brains under the spotlight

    Manet, M.W.E. / Kliphuis, S. / Nordquist, R.E. / Goerlich-Jansson, V. / Tuyttens, F.A.M. / Rodenburg, T.B.

    Recent advances in animal welfare science VIII

    how do genetics and light during incubation impact young laying hens stress responsivity?

    2021  

    Abstract: A promising intervention to improve chicken welfare is the presence of light during incubation. More specifically, a cycle alternating a phase of green light and a phase of darkness has proved to help decreasing fearfulness in broilers. The impact on ... ...

    Abstract A promising intervention to improve chicken welfare is the presence of light during incubation. More specifically, a cycle alternating a phase of green light and a phase of darkness has proved to help decreasing fearfulness in broilers. The impact on laying hens, however, is not known. We thus investigated the effects of light during incubation on the stress sensitivity of two common layer hybrids: ISA Brown and Dekalb White. The latter are known to be flightier than the former, especially with humans
    Keywords Life Science
    Language English
    Publisher The International Animal Welfare Science Society (UFAW)
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Conference proceedings ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Testing post-weaning food motivation in low and normal birth weight pigs in a runway and operant conditioning task

    van Eck, L.M. / Antonides, A. / Nordquist, R.E. / van der Staay, F.J.

    Applied Animal Behaviour Science

    2016  Volume 181

    Abstract: Low birth weight (LBW) pigs face more welfare challenges than their normal birth weight (NBW) siblings. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cognitive and learning abilities in these pigs may help to improve their welfare. Early competition in life ...

    Abstract Low birth weight (LBW) pigs face more welfare challenges than their normal birth weight (NBW) siblings. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cognitive and learning abilities in these pigs may help to improve their welfare. Early competition in life over resources, combined with the higher need for nutrient intake, make it likely that LBW pigs have a higher motivation for food than NBW pigs. This study aimed to compare the motivation to obtain food rewards between LBW and NBW pigs, using variable numbers of rewards in two separate tasks; a runway and an operant conditioning task (the nose wheel task). Ten pairs of littermates were used. From each litter, one low birth weight piglet (mean birth weight. ±. SEM: 854. ±. 33. g) and one normal birth weight piglet (1332. ±. 53. g) was selected. Pigs were tested in the runway task at 12 weeks of age and the operant nose wheel task at 19 weeks of age. Both tasks consisted of a baseline phase (two rewards), a high reward phase (eight rewards) and an extinction phase (no rewards). Statistical analyses using mixed models showed that NBW animals left the start box faster than LBW animals in the high reward phase in the runway task. However, their run time in this phase was not shorter and no other birth weight effects were found in any other phase or measure in this task nor in the nose wheel task. All animals decreased their run time in the runway task between the baseline phase and high reward phase, and increased their run time in the extinction phase (p.
    Keywords Birth weight ; Motivation ; Operant conditioning ; Pigs ; Runway
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 591645-8
    ISSN 0168-1591
    ISSN 0168-1591
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Effects of maternal care and selection for low mortality on tyrosine hydroxylase concentrations and cell soma size in hippocampus and nidopallium caudolaterale in adult laying hen.

    Nordquist, R E / Zeinstra, E C / Rodenburg, T B / van der Staay, F J

    Journal of animal science

    2013  Volume 91, Issue 1, Page(s) 137–146

    Abstract: Feather pecking and cannibalism in farm-kept laying hens are damaging behaviors both in terms of animal welfare and economic loss, and a major challenge in modern poultry farming. Both rearing with a foster hen and genetic selection have been ... ...

    Abstract Feather pecking and cannibalism in farm-kept laying hens are damaging behaviors both in terms of animal welfare and economic loss, and a major challenge in modern poultry farming. Both rearing with a foster hen and genetic selection have been demonstrated to reduce feather pecking in laying hens. We examined the effects of rearing with a foster hen, genetic selection for low mortality from cannibalism, and interactions between both, using cellular morphology and levels of the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine production, tyrosine hydroxylase, in the hippocampus and nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) as a potential measure for laying hen welfare. Hens from the second generation of a sib-selection scheme line derived from a pure-bred White Leghorn line, selected for low mortality and for production characteristics, or their control line (CL) selected only for production characteristics, were housed with or without a foster Silky hen for the first 7 wk of life. Aside from the presence or absence of a foster Silky hen during the first 7 wk of life, housing conditions were identical for all hens. The hens were then sacrificed and brains were removed at 52 wk of age. Brains were sectioned and stained using a Nissl staining to reveal cell soma morphology, or using immunocytochemistry for tyrosine hydroxlase. A greater degree of lateralization in the hippocampus was observed in hens reared without a foster hen, as measured by absolute difference in cell soma size between hemispheres (P<0.05). The low mortality line showed decreased concentrations of tyrosine hydroxylase in the NCL compared with the CL (P<0.005). Our results indicate that morphological changes in brain induced in very early life can be detected in adult hens, and that genetic selection against mortality due to cannibalism impacts tyrosine hydroxylase in the NCL of laying hens. These observations strengthen the notion that brain measures may be useful as potential readouts for animal welfare.
    MeSH term(s) Aggression ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/cytology ; Brain/enzymology ; Cannibalism ; Chickens/genetics ; Chickens/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Oviposition ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390959-1
    ISSN 1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
    ISSN (online) 1525-3163
    ISSN 0021-8812
    DOI 10.2527/jas.2012-5227
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The standardization-generalization dilemma: a way out.

    van der Staay, F Josef / Arndt, S S / Nordquist, R E

    Genes, brain, and behavior

    2010  Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) 849–855

    Abstract: Recently, a debate has emerged on the use and necessity of standardization in experimental testing using animal subjects. The difficulties encountered when trying to reconcile standardization and generalization largely underlie this debate. The more ... ...

    Abstract Recently, a debate has emerged on the use and necessity of standardization in experimental testing using animal subjects. The difficulties encountered when trying to reconcile standardization and generalization largely underlie this debate. The more specific the testing procedures are, the less one can generalize to more naturalistic situations, including to human clinical populations. If the goal of a study is to generalize to a larger population, there may be a higher risk attached to false-positive than false-negative results; thus the balance sways toward generalization. Heterogenization of housing conditions and of genetic makeup of experimental animals has been suggested as a possible method to increase the generalizability of results. It is important to remain cognizant, however, of situations in which false negatives can be counterproductive or even dangerous, such as when the goal is to elucidate a physiological mechanism, when expected effect sizes are small, in toxicological studies and in drug safety testing. In such cases, experiments based on standardization may provide more useful information. We pose that it is essential that the goal of the specific experiment conducted is clearly defined and that the decision to balance between standardization and generalization must be made based on the specific needs to meet the intended goal. In this light, we discuss a multi-tiered approach to animal experimentation, in which standardization and generalizability are each given precedence during different phases of a project, depending upon the goal of the experiment.
    MeSH term(s) Animal Experimentation/standards ; Animals ; Epigenomics/methods ; Epigenomics/standards ; Genetics, Behavioral/methods ; Genetics, Behavioral/standards ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Phenotype ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design/standards ; Validation Studies as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2075819-4
    ISSN 1601-183X ; 1601-1848
    ISSN (online) 1601-183X
    ISSN 1601-1848
    DOI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00628.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Optimal beam size for light delivery to absorption-enhanced tumors buried in biological tissues and effect of multiple-beam delivery: a Monte Carlo study.

    Wang, L V / Nordquist, R E / Chen, W R

    Applied optics

    2007  Volume 36, Issue 31, Page(s) 8286–8291

    Abstract: Optimal laser light delivery into turbid biological tissues was studied by using Monte Carlo simulations based on the delta-scattering technique. The goal was to deliver efficiently the maximum amount of optical power into buried tumors being treated ... ...

    Abstract Optimal laser light delivery into turbid biological tissues was studied by using Monte Carlo simulations based on the delta-scattering technique. The goal was to deliver efficiently the maximum amount of optical power into buried tumors being treated while avoiding potential damage to normal tissue caused by strong optical power deposition underneath the tissue surface illuminated by the laser beam. The buried tumors were considered to have much higher absorption than the surrounding normal tissue because of selective uptake of the absorption-enhancement dye. The power delivering efficiency to buried tumors was investigated for various diameters of the laser beam. An optimal beam diameter was estimated to achieve the maximum product of the power coupling efficiency and the power delivered to the buried tumor. The distribution of power deposition was simulated for single-beam delivery and multiple-beam delivery as well. The simulated results showed that with an appropriate dye enhancement and an optimal laser delivery configuration, a high selectivity for laser treatment of tumor could be achieved.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1559-128X
    ISSN 1559-128X
    DOI 10.1364/ao.36.008286
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Effects of environmental enrichment on cognitive performance of pigs in a spatial holeboard discrimination task

    Grimberg-Henrici, C.G.E. / Vermaak, P. / Bolhuis, J.E. / Nordquist, R.E. / van der Staay, F.J.

    Animal Cognition

    2016  Volume 19, Issue 2

    Abstract: This study investigated the effects of environmental enrichment on the cognitive performance of female conventional farm (growing) pigs in a spatial holeboard task. Ten pairs of littermates matched for weight were used. From each litter, one piglet was ... ...

    Abstract This study investigated the effects of environmental enrichment on the cognitive performance of female conventional farm (growing) pigs in a spatial holeboard task. Ten pairs of littermates matched for weight were used. From each litter, one piglet was randomly assigned to a barren environment; the other was assigned to an enriched environment from 4 weeks of age. The enriched environment was double the size of the barren environment, had a floor covered with straw, a rooting area filled with peat, and one of the four different enrichment toys which were exchanged daily. Starting at 11 weeks of age, all pigs were tested in a spatial holeboard discrimination task in which 4 out of 16 holes were baited. Furthermore, basal salivary cortisol levels of all pigs were determined after the end of all testing. All pigs were able to acquire the pattern of baited holes (acquisition phase, 40 trials) and the diagonally mirrored pattern (reversal phase, 20 trials). During the acquisition phase, the reference memory performance of the enriched-housed pigs was better than that of their barren-housed littermates, i.e. they reduced visits to the unbaited set of holes. During the reversal phase, enriched-housed pigs had a better general working memory performance than the barren-housed pigs as indicated by reduced revisits to holes already visited during a trial, irrespective of whether they were of the baited or the unbaited set. The enriched-housed pigs also searched for the hidden bait faster during both phases. The environments did not affect basal salivary cortisol levels. In conclusion, environmental enrichment slightly improved the cognitive performance of pigs in a spatial learning task. We hypothesise that the long period of habituation to and testing in the holeboard acted as enrichment that partially reduced the effects of barren housing.
    Keywords (General) working memory ; Environmental enrichment ; Pig (Sus scrofa) ; Reference memory ; Salivary cortisol ; Spatial holeboard task
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1466332-6
    ISSN 1435-9456 ; 1435-9448
    ISSN (online) 1435-9456
    ISSN 1435-9448
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Effect of resin/fluoride and holmium:YAG laser irradiation on the resistance to the formation of caries-like lesions.

    Holt, R A / Nordquist, R E

    Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists

    1997  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–19

    Abstract: Purpose: This study compared the effects of a combination of a topical application of resin/NaF mixture and holmium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (HO:YAG) laser energy with untreated control sites for their resistance to acid destruction/mechanical ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study compared the effects of a combination of a topical application of resin/NaF mixture and holmium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (HO:YAG) laser energy with untreated control sites for their resistance to acid destruction/mechanical challenges of root surfaces adjacent to restorative margins.
    Materials and methods: Forty-eight extracted human teeth were prepared for restorations with coronal margins in enamel and the apical margins on root surfaces. Four types of restorative materials were used. One half of the restorative/root surface margins were treated with an application of nonfilled resin/fluoride mixture and holmium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation; the remaining portion served as the untreated control for each tooth. Acid (10% formic) and mechanical (air sandblaster) challenges were used to test the effects of these treated sites to their controls and to other types of restorative/root surface margins. The depth of root surface loss within 0 to 2 mm apical from the restorative margins was measured and evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 hours of acid exposures.
    Results: The measurements of tooth loss for the 24- and 48-hour acid-exposure cycles were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA) using a paired t test for the variables. The variables, depth of tooth surface loss for the control sites was compared with the depth of loss of the treated sites on opposing sides of each tooth. The depth of tooth surface loss for the control sites had an average mean of 0.35 (0.25) mm for the 24-hour acid exposures, with the opposing treated sides having a mean of 0.053 (0.05) mm (significant at the 0.05 level). The 48-hour acid-exposure results showed significant increased tooth loss for the control sites, but minimum additional loss on the treated sites. The control sites showed an average mean of 1.16 (0.24) mm and a mean of 0.095 (0.103) mm for the treated areas, significant at the 0.05 level. No measurements were made for the 72-hour cycle groups of composite and amalgam alloy restorations because of the loss of most of the filling materials in the control sites. The control groups of crowns showed an average mean loss of 2.06 (0.37) mm with only 0.20 (0.19) mm surface loss for the treated sites. The paired t test for variables indicated no significant differences of tooth surface loss between various types of restorative margins used in this study.
    Conclusions: HO:YAG laser energy irradiation after application of resin/NaF to restorative margins and adjacent areas showed a significant increased resistance to acid/mechanical destruction on cementum-dentin root surfaces. The integrity of the restorative/dentin margins were maintained after extended exposures to formic acid and mechanical challenges.
    MeSH term(s) Composite Resins/therapeutic use ; Dental Caries Susceptibility/drug effects ; Dental Caries Susceptibility/radiation effects ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods ; Drug Combinations ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Formates/pharmacology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Laser Therapy ; Root Caries/prevention & control ; Sodium Fluoride/therapeutic use ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Composite Resins ; Drug Combinations ; Formates ; formic acid (0YIW783RG1) ; Sodium Fluoride (8ZYQ1474W7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1197213-0
    ISSN 1059-941X
    ISSN 1059-941X
    DOI 10.1111/j.1532-849x.1997.tb00060.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Effects of maternal care and selection for low mortality on tyrosine hydroxylase concentrations and cell soma size in hippocampus and nidopallium caudolaterale in adult laying hen

    Nordquist, R.E. / Zeinstra, E.C. / Rodenburg, T.B. / van der Staay, F.J.

    Journal of Animal Science

    2013  Volume 91, Issue 1

    Abstract: Feather pecking and cannibalism in farm-kept laying hens are damaging behaviors both in terms of animal welfare and economic loss, and a major challenge in modern poultry farming. Both rearing with a foster hen and genetic selection have been ... ...

    Abstract Feather pecking and cannibalism in farm-kept laying hens are damaging behaviors both in terms of animal welfare and economic loss, and a major challenge in modern poultry farming. Both rearing with a foster hen and genetic selection have been demonstrated to reduce feather pecking in laying hens. We examined the effects of rearing with a foster hen, genetic selection for low mortality from cannibalism, and interactions between both, using cellular morphology and levels of the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine production, tyrosine hydroxylase, in the hippocampus and nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) as a potential measure for laying hen welfare. Hens from the second generation of a sib-selection scheme line derived from a pure-bred White Leghorn line, selected for low mortality and for production characteristics, or their control line (CL) selected only for production characteristics, were housed with or without a foster Silky hen for the first 7 wk of life. Aside from the presence or absence of a foster Silky hen during the first 7 wk of life, housing conditions were identical for all hens. The hens were then sacrificed and brains were removed at 52 wk of age. Brains were sectioned and stained using a Nissl staining to reveal cell soma morphology, or using immunocytochemistry for tyrosine hydroxlase. A greater degree of lateralization in the hippocampus was observed in hens reared without a foster hen, as measured by absolute difference in cell soma size between hemispheres (P
    Keywords animal-welfare ; cannibalism ; chick ; d1 ; dopamine ; feather-pecking behavior ; passive-avoidance ; prefrontal cortex ; receptor antagonist ; spatial memory
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 390959-1
    ISSN 1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
    ISSN (online) 1525-3163
    ISSN 0021-8812
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Ciprofloxacin microprecipitates and macroprecipitates in the human corneal epithelium.

    Eiferman, R A / Snyder, J P / Nordquist, R E

    Journal of cataract and refractive surgery

    2001  Volume 27, Issue 10, Page(s) 1701–1702

    Abstract: In 4 corneal transplantation patients treated preoperatively with ciprofloxacin ophthalmic drops, microprecipitates associated with damaged corneal epithelium were noted in 2 patients. Another patient developed a large macroprecipitate in a corneal ulcer. ...

    Abstract In 4 corneal transplantation patients treated preoperatively with ciprofloxacin ophthalmic drops, microprecipitates associated with damaged corneal epithelium were noted in 2 patients. Another patient developed a large macroprecipitate in a corneal ulcer. All specimens were examined by electron microscopy and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The crystalline precipitates were pure ciprofloxacin. The macroprecipitate demonstrated a large zone of inhibition on agar plates seeded with a susceptible organism at 24 and 48 hours. It was bioactive and bioavailable in vitro.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Chemical Precipitation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Ciprofloxacin/adverse effects ; Corneal Transplantation ; Corneal Ulcer/chemically induced ; Corneal Ulcer/pathology ; Epithelium, Corneal/drug effects ; Epithelium, Corneal/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Ophthalmic Solutions
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 632744-8
    ISSN 1873-4502 ; 0886-3350
    ISSN (online) 1873-4502
    ISSN 0886-3350
    DOI 10.1016/s0886-3350(01)00893-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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