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Article ; Online: Past, present and future of the fish community of Lake Orta (Italy), one of the world’s largest acidified lakes

Pietro Volta / Norman D. Yan / John M. Gunn

Journal of Limnology, Vol 75, Iss s

2016 Volume 2

Abstract: Since 1926, the fishes in Lake Orta, one of Italy’s deepest natural lakes, were heavily damaged by profundal hypoxia and acidification linked to oxidation of ammonia from industrial effluents and by industrial metal pollution. Of the original 28 fish ... ...

Abstract	Since 1926, the fishes in Lake Orta, one of Italy’s deepest natural lakes, were heavily damaged by profundal hypoxia and acidification linked to oxidation of ammonia from industrial effluents and by industrial metal pollution. Of the original 28 fish species, only perch survived the lake’s contamination. Recently, the water quality of the lake has been largely restored by reductions in pollutant inputs, and a massive liming intervention. These interventions restored fish habitat, but it is unclear whether the recent fish reintroductions were successful, and the present status of the fish community is unknown. Here we reviewed the history of the Lake Orta fish assemblage. Using an extensive 2014 sampling campaign, we compared the present fish community to both its pre-pollution composition and to the assemblages of nearby un-polluted, but otherwise similar lakes, Lake Mergozzo and Lake Maggiore. While nearshore fish density now appears normal in lake Orta, the open water community remains impoverished both in numbers and in species. Epilimnetic and hypolimnetic benthic nets were dominated by perch and roach in all the three lakes, but the catch of pelagic nets differed among lakes. Perch ( Perca fluviatilis) , rudd ( Scardinius erythrophthalmus) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) dominated in Lake Orta while shad ( Alosa fallax lacustris ) and coregonids ( Coregonus spp.) were dominant in the open waters of the other two lakes, but missing from Lake Orta. Many fully or partially migratory species, including marble trout ( Salmo trutta marmoratus) , eel ( Anguilla Anguilla) and barbel ( Barbus plebejus) were also missing from Lake Orta, a consequence of their initial extirpation and blocked re-colonization routes along the River Strona. In comparison with both pre-pollution and contemporary reference data, the fish community of Lake Orta has not been rehabilitated. The recovery of the littoral community is complete, but cold water species such as burbot ( Lota lota), Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus) and bullhead ( ...
Keywords	Lake acidification ; lake restoration ; copper pollution ; deep lakes ; fish species ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PAGEPress Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mechanisms underlying recovery of zooplankton in Lake Orta after liming

Roberta Piscia / Norman D. Yan / Marina M. Manca

Journal of Limnology, Vol 75, Iss s

2016 Volume 2

Abstract: The goal of this study was to improve the understanding of the large-scale mechanisms underlying the recovery of the zooplankton of Lake Orta from historical contamination, following reduced input of ammonia and metals and the subsequent 1989/90 liming ... ...

Abstract	The goal of this study was to improve the understanding of the large-scale mechanisms underlying the recovery of the zooplankton of Lake Orta from historical contamination, following reduced input of ammonia and metals and the subsequent 1989/90 liming intervention. The industrial pollution had been severe and long-lasting (1929-1990). Zooplankton biodiversity has improved, but most of the new taxa appearing in our counts are rotifers, while many calanoids and the large cladoceran predators ( Bythotrephes and Leptodora ) that are common in the nearby Lake Maggiore, were still absent from Lake Orta 17 years after liming. To aid understanding of the large-scale mechanisms controlling changes in annual richness, we assessed the annual persistence (P) of Crustacea and Rotifera taxa as an estimator of whether propagules that survived introduction, as result of the natural recolonization process, also thrived. We found that the rate of introduction of zooplankton colonists and their persistence in the water column of Lake Orta changed from 1971 to 2007. New rotifer taxa appeared in the lake after the mid-1980s, when discharge of toxic substances decreased, but their annual persistence was low (P<0.5) until the turn of the century. The numerical values of rotifer and crustacean persistence in Lake Orta were unexpectedly high in 2001 and 2007 (0.55 and 0.72 for rotifers, 0.85 and 0.86 for crustacean, respectively), much higher than in limed lakes in Sudbury, Canada, and in adjacent Lake Maggiore. We hypothesize this could be related to the lack of Cladoceran predators and zooplanktivorous fish in the pelagic waters of Lake Orta.
Keywords	Annual persistence ; annual taxa richness ; pollution ; zooplankton ; Lake Orta ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PAGEPress Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: What have we learned about ecological recovery from liming interventions of acid lakes in Canada and Italy?

Marina M. Manca / Carla Bonacina / Norman D. Yan

Journal of Limnology, Vol 75, Iss s

2016 Volume 2

Abstract: The idea of launching another special issue of the Journal of limnology on Lake Orta was born in 2014, on the 25 th anniversary of its liming intervention, during an International symposium on Lake Orta organized and hosted by the Pallanza Institute ( ... ...

Abstract	The idea of launching another special issue of the Journal of limnology on Lake Orta was born in 2014, on the 25 th anniversary of its liming intervention, during an International symposium on Lake Orta organized and hosted by the Pallanza Institute ( http://www.ise.cnr.it/vb ). The conference did not simply celebrate the past. While the liming of Lake Orta was undoubtedly a great national and international success, the speakers at the conference, instead sought to enlarge and deepen knowledge of patterns and mechanisms of lake ecosystem responses to the water quality improvements, or chemical recovery, that accompanied Lake Orta’s liming.
Keywords	Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PAGEPress Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Calcium and sodium as regulators of the recovery of four Daphnia species along a gradient of metal and base cations in metal contaminated lakes in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Martha Patricia Celis-Salgado / Wendel (Bill) Keller / Norman D. Yan

Journal of Limnology, Vol 75, Iss s

2016 Volume 2

Abstract: Smelting of sulphur-rich metallic ores in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, has caused acidification and metal contamination of thousands of lakes in the region. Recent reductions in smelter emissions have resulted in much ecological recovery, but the recovery ... ...

Abstract	Smelting of sulphur-rich metallic ores in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, has caused acidification and metal contamination of thousands of lakes in the region. Recent reductions in smelter emissions have resulted in much ecological recovery, but the recovery of Daphnia species has been poor. To determine if Cu and Ni toxicity could explain differences in daphniid recovery among lakes, we compared results of 14 d static with renewal bioassays in waters from Blue Chalk Lake, an uncontaminated reference lake 200 km from Sudbury, and from five Sudbury lakes ranging in distance from the smelters and varying in metal and cation concentrations. We spiked Blue Chalk Lake water with Cu and Ni to levels resembling those of the Sudbury lakes and also tested the lake waters for toxicity. Survival of Daphnia pulex , D . pulicaria and D. mendotae decreased monotonically with increasing metal concentrations in the spiked Blue Chalk Lake treatments, falling from 90% in the controls to 0% at the two highest Cu and Ni levels, reflecting levels of Middle and Hannah lakes. In contrast, survival in waters collected from the actual Sudbury lakes did not monotonically track their total metal concentrations. Rather, survival fell to 0% in Clearwater Lake water, a lake with intermediate metal contamination (8.9 and 79.9 μg L –1 of Cu and Ni, respectively) vs 70-100% in the other lakes. We performed an additional assay with Clearwater Lake waters increasing its Ca and Na concentrations, singly and in combination to levels that reflected the levels in Middle Lake. The survival of the four daphniid species increased from 0% up to 80-100% with added Ca and from 0% to 60-90% with added Na. Lipid-ovarian indices had a similar trend to survival for D. mendotae and D. pulicaria in Bioassay 1, varying with the cation concentrations in the lakes for the daphniids in Bioassay 2. The bioassays results imply that regional recovery patterns of daphniids in Sudbury lakes cannot be understood without as a minimum considering both metal and base cation ...
Keywords	Daphnia ; Sudbury lakes ; copper ; nickel ; calcium ; sodium ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PAGEPress Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Could a residential wood ash recycling programme be part of the solution to calcium decline in lakes and forests in Muskoka (Ontario, Canada)?

Shakira S.E. Azan / Norman D. Yan / Martha P. Celis-Salgado / Shelley E. Arnott / James A. Rusak / Peter Sutey

FACETS, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 69-

2019 Volume 90

Abstract: One possible solution to the recent decline of calcium (Ca) concentrations in Canadian Shield forests and lakes in eastern North America is the addition of Ca-rich wood ash to watersheds. We investigated the feasibility of using small, mainly residential ...

Abstract	One possible solution to the recent decline of calcium (Ca) concentrations in Canadian Shield forests and lakes in eastern North America is the addition of Ca-rich wood ash to watersheds. We investigated the feasibility of using small, mainly residential sources of non-industrial wood ash (NIWA) for this purpose by quantifying concentrations of its major nutrients and metals, its toxicity to Daphnia in aqueous extracts, and estimating the amount of NIWA available in the District of Muskoka in central Ontario. Locally collected NIWA averaged 30% Ca, and also contained smaller but significant amounts of K, Mg, Na, and P. Of these, K was so soluble that it was toxic to Daphnia over 48 h in the concentrate and 10-fold dilution; however, sedimented ash was not toxic over 15 d. Most metal levels in NIWA were below targets permitting unrestricted land application. However, Cu and Zn were just above these targets, but well below those for conditional use. Muskoka residents generate about 235 000 kg of NIWA annually, not enough to treat all central Ontario areas affected; however, a NIWA recycling programme implemented across southern Ontario could generate enough ash to solve the Ca decline problem in Muskoka’s forests and lakes.
Keywords	calcium decline ; Muskoka ; wood ash ; forests ; Daphnia ; recycling ; Education ; L ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Ca2+ levels in Daphnia hemolymph may explain occurrences of daphniid species along recent Ca gradients in Canadian soft-water lakes

Durant, Andrea C / Andrew Donini / Martha P. Celis-Salgado / Norman D. Yan / Shayan Ezatollahpour / Shelley E. Arnott

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. 2018 Apr., v. 218

2018

Abstract: Calcium levels are declining in eastern North American and western European lakes. This widespread issue is affecting the composition of crustacean zooplankton communities, as the presence and abundance of several calcium-rich daphniid species are ... ...

Abstract	Calcium levels are declining in eastern North American and western European lakes. This widespread issue is affecting the composition of crustacean zooplankton communities, as the presence and abundance of several calcium-rich daphniid species are declining, while two other daphniids, D. catawba and D. ambigua, that apparently tolerate low calcium environments, are prospering. The physiological basis for low calcium tolerance of these daphniids is unknown. In this study the presence of one Ca-rich (D. pulicaria) and one Ca-poor (D. ambigua) daphniid species in Canadian Shield lakes is assessed in relation to lake water Ca levels. The occurrence of D. ambigua was independent of Ca levels in Ontario lakes, whereas D. pulicaria was more likely to occur in lakes with relatively more Ca. In the laboratory, D. ambigua maintained lower levels of hemolymph Ca2+ across a range of low Ca levels (0.7 to 7 mg l−1) compared with D. pulicaria. The hemolymph pH remained steady across this Ca gradient in D. ambigua while it was significantly more acidic in D. pulicaria in the two lowest Ca treatments. While Ca2+ uptake was observed adjacent to the surface of D. ambigua individuals, Ca2+ loss was observed for D. pulicaria assayed under moderately high Ca levels. Based on these observations we propose that D. ambigua is able to survive in low Ca lakes by maintaining low free ionic Ca2+ levels in the hemolymph which minimizes the Ca gradient across the body wall in low Ca water thus limiting overall Ca loss and facilitating Ca2+ uptake.
Keywords	calcium ; Canadian Shield ; Daphnia ; hemolymph ; integument ; lakes ; pH ; zooplankton
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-04
Size	p. 8-15.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121246-1
ISSN	1531-4332 ; 0300-9629 ; 1095-6433
ISSN (online)	1531-4332
ISSN	0300-9629 ; 1095-6433
DOI	10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.01.009
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A review of the effects of Bythotrephes longimanus and calcium decline on zooplankton communities â can interactive effects be predicted?

Azan, Shakira S.E / Shelley E. Arnott / Norman D. Yan

Environmental reviews. 2015 Sept. 28, v. 23, no. 4

2015

Abstract: Anthropogenic stressors including acid deposition, invasive species, and calcium (Ca) decline have produced widespread damage to Canadian Shield lakes, especially to their zooplankton communities. Here, we review current knowledge on the individual ... ...

Abstract	Anthropogenic stressors including acid deposition, invasive species, and calcium (Ca) decline have produced widespread damage to Canadian Shield lakes, especially to their zooplankton communities. Here, we review current knowledge on the individual effects on zooplankton by the non-indigenous predator Bythotrephes longimanus and Ca decline; we identify knowledge gaps in this literature and examine the likely interactive impacts of Bythotrephes invasions and Ca decline on zooplankton. The negative impacts of Bythotrephes longimanus on zooplankton communities are well known, whereas current understanding of the effects of declining Ca on zooplankton is restricted to Daphnia spp.; hence, there is a large knowledge gap on how declining Ca may affect zooplankton communities in general. The co-occurring impacts of Bythotrephes and declining Ca have rarely been studied at the species level, and we expect daphniids, particularly Daphnia retrocurva and Daphniapulicaria, to be the most sensitive to both stressors. We also expect a synergistic negative interaction on cladocerans in lakes with both stressors, leaving a community dominated by Holopedium glacialis and (or) copepods. Our predictions form testable hypotheses but since species and ecosystem response to multiple stressors are difficult to predict, we may actually see ecological surprises in Canadian Shield lakes as Bythotrephes continues to spread and Ca levels continue to fall.
Keywords	Bythotrephes longimanus ; Canadian Shield ; Copepoda ; Daphnia retrocurva ; acid deposition ; anthropogenic stressors ; calcium ; ecosystems ; invasive species ; lakes ; prediction ; zooplankton
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0928
Size	p. 395-413.
Publishing place	NRC Research Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2027518-3
ISSN	1208-6053 ; 1181-8700
ISSN (online)	1208-6053
ISSN	1181-8700
DOI	10.1139/er-2015-0027
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The future of species invasions in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin

Pagnucco, Katie S / Anthony Ricciardi / George A. Maynard / Norman D. Yan / Shannon A. Fera / Thomas F. Nalepa

International Association for Great Lakes Research Journal of Great Lakes research. 2015, v. 41

2015

Abstract: No other freshwater system contains as many non-native species or has been invaded as frequently as the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin. Over 180 non-native species have become established in the basin within the past two centuries. Collectively, ... ...

Abstract	No other freshwater system contains as many non-native species or has been invaded as frequently as the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin. Over 180 non-native species have become established in the basin within the past two centuries. Collectively, these invasions have altered biodiversity, habitat structure, productivity, water quality, contaminant cycling and ecosystem services. The composition and rate of discovery of invaders are correlated with changes in dominant vectors, such as transoceanic shipping. We review the invasion history of the basin and identify future invasion threats by considering trends and potential scenarios in changing vectors and pathways. Whereas most non-native species discovered since the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 were attributable to ballast water discharge from transoceanic vessels, recent regulations have apparently reduced the threat of this vector. Nevertheless, non-native species may continue to be introduced through poorly-regulated vectors, particularly those associated with trade in live organisms. The spread and impact of current and future invaders are expected to be exacerbated by interactions with other anthropogenic stressors that are increasing in frequency and spatial extent. Most notably, the continued warming of surface waters of the Great Lakes basin will lift thermal barriers to invasions by warm-water taxa. Contrary to any perception that the âworst is overâ (i.e. most harmful invasions have already occurred), the basin remains vulnerable to further ecological and economic disruptions from non-native species.
Keywords	anthropogenic stressors ; ballast water ; basins ; biodiversity ; ecosystem services ; freshwater ; habitats ; introduced species ; shipping ; surface water ; water quality ; watersheds ; Great Lakes
Language	English
Size	p. 96-107.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2163239-X
ISSN	0380-1330 ; 0380-1330
ISSN (online)	0380-1330
ISSN	0380-1330
DOI	10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Predicting chronic copper and nickel reproductive toxicity to Daphnia pulex-pulicaria from whole-animal metabolic profiles

Taylor, Nadine S / Craig Johnson / James C. McGeer / Jennifer A. Kirwan / John M. Gunn / Mark R. Viant / Norman D. Yan

Environmental pollution. 2016 May, v. 212

2016

Abstract: The emergence of omics approaches in environmental research has enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying toxicity; however, extrapolation from molecular effects to whole-organism and population level outcomes remains a considerable ... ...

Abstract	The emergence of omics approaches in environmental research has enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying toxicity; however, extrapolation from molecular effects to whole-organism and population level outcomes remains a considerable challenge. Using environmentally relevant, sublethal, concentrations of two metals (Cu and Ni), both singly and in binary mixtures, we integrated data from traditional chronic, partial life-cycle toxicity testing and metabolomics to generate a statistical model that was predictive of reproductive impairment in a Daphnia pulex-pulicaria hybrid that was isolated from an historically metal-stressed lake. Furthermore, we determined that the metabolic profiles of organisms exposed in a separate acute assay were also predictive of impaired reproduction following metal exposure. Thus we were able to directly associate molecular profiles to a key population response â reproduction, a key step towards improving environmental risk assessment and management.
Keywords	copper ; Daphnia ; environmental assessment ; hybrids ; lakes ; metabolomics ; nickel ; prediction ; reproduction ; reproductive toxicology ; risk assessment ; statistical models ; toxicity ; toxicity testing
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-05
Size	p. 325-329.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.074
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Arrive, survive and thrive

Norman D. Yan / John Bailey / James C. McGeer / Marina M. Manca / Wendel (Bill) Keller / Martha P. Celis-Salgado / John M. Gunn

Journal of Limnology, Vol 75, Iss s

essential stages in the re-colonization and recovery of zooplankton in urban lakes in Sudbury, Canada

2016 Volume 2

Abstract: The recovery of lakes from severe, historical acid and metal pollution requires that colonists of extirpated species arrive, survive and subsequently thrive. We employed 40 year records from weekly to monthly crustacean zooplankton samples from Middle ... ...

Abstract	The recovery of lakes from severe, historical acid and metal pollution requires that colonists of extirpated species arrive, survive and subsequently thrive. We employed 40 year records from weekly to monthly crustacean zooplankton samples from Middle and Clearwater lakes near Sudbury, Canada, to identify the main mechanistic bottlenecks in this recovery process. While both lakes now have circum-neutral pH, acidity decreased more rapidly in Middle Lake because of past liming interventions, while Clearwater Lake, being larger and supporting more housing, likely receives more zooplankton colonists than Middle Lake. Community richness increased much faster in Middle Lake than in Clearwater Lake, at 1.6 vs 0.9 species decade -1 , respectively. Richness has recovered in Middle Lake, when assessed against a target of 9-16 species collection -1 determined from regional reference lakes, but it has not yet recovered in Clearwater Lake. Species accumulation curves and a metric of annual persistence show that this difference is a product not of greater rates of species introduction into Middle Lake, but rather to their greater annual persistence once introduced. Greater annual persistence was associated with better habitat quality ( i.e ., lower acid and metal toxicity) in Middle Lake, particularly early in the record, and lower planktivore abundance, more recently. These results support a growing consensus that ecological recovery of zooplankton from acidification and metal pollution does not depend strongly on propagule introduction rates which are adequate, but rather on propagule persistence, in lake-rich, suburban landscapes such as those near Sudbury.
Keywords	Liming ; zooplankton ; ecological recovery ; species richness ; Sudbury ; species persistence ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PAGEPress Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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