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Article ; Online: Marijuana use behaviors on Texas college campuses.

North, Caroline / Loukas, Alexandra

2023 Volume 141, Page(s) 107634

Abstract: There is limited contemporary research examining marijuana use behaviors that occur on college campuses.: Purpose: This study aimed to determine: (1) What is the prevalence of marijuana use on college campuses, (2) where are students commonly using ... ...

Abstract	There is limited contemporary research examining marijuana use behaviors that occur on college campuses. Purpose: This study aimed to determine: (1) What is the prevalence of marijuana use on college campuses, (2) where are students commonly using marijuana on college campuses, (3) what are the sociodemographic characteristics of students most likely to use marijuana on a college campus, and (4) how do these findings vary between modes of marijuana use (i.e., vaped versus another mode)? Methods: Participants were 14,005 college students (aged 18-25) enrolled in 19 Texas colleges during spring 2022 (Mean age = 20.16; 65.81% female; 30.85% non-Hispanic white, 42.08% Hispanic/Latino, 27.07% another race/ethnicity; 75.81% heterosexual). Results: Nearly 40% of students ever used marijuana and of these students, over 26% ever used marijuana on their college campus. Although the most common mode for marijuana use was smoking, the majority of students that used marijuana on a college campus reported vaping marijuana (64.89%). Students that ever vaped marijuana on campus were 2.35 times more likely than those that used marijuana via other modes to use marijuana in a public location on campus (i.e., not in a dormitory). Conclusions: Findings indicate that marijuana use on college campuses is common and suggest that the ability to vape marijuana may increase marijuana use on college campuses, including in public locations such as classrooms and libraries. College campuses may consider increasing anti-marijuana enforcement efforts, especially those aimed at decreasing electronic vaping device use in general, in order to prevent and decrease marijuana use.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Male ; Marijuana Use ; Texas ; Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Universities
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107634
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Article ; Online: Depressive symptoms and vaping: The mediating effect of outcome expectancies among young adults.

North, Caroline / Loukas, Alexandra

Drug and alcohol dependence

2023 Volume 247, Page(s) 109870

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine if positive affect reinforcement and social enhancement outcome expectancies mediate the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and frequency of electronic nicotine delivery ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine if positive affect reinforcement and social enhancement outcome expectancies mediate the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and frequency of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use one year later among young adults. Method: Participants were 1567 young adults participating in the first three waves of the Marketing and Promotions Across Colleges in Texas project. At Wave 1 participants were 18-25 years old (M = 20.27; SD = 1.86), 61.46% female; 36.25% non-Hispanic white, 33.95% Hispanic/Latino, 14.10% Asian, 7.72% African American/Black, 7.98% two or more races/ethnicities or another race/ethnicity. The independent variable, depressive symptoms, was assessed with the CES-D-10 at Wave 1. The mediating variables, positive affect reinforcement and social enhancement ENDS outcome expectancies were assessed using items adapted from the Youth Tobacco Survey at Wave 2 six months later. The outcome variable was frequency of past 30-day ENDS use at Wave 3, one year after Wave 1. A mediation model was used to test the study hypothesis. Results: Positive affect reinforcement ENDS outcome expectancies (b = 0.013, SE = 0.006, Bootstrap 95%CI: [0.003, 0.025]), but not social enhancement expectancies (b = -0.004, SE = 0.003, Bootstrap 95%CI: [-0.010, 0.0003]), mediated the positive association between elevated depressive symptoms and frequency of ENDS use one year later. Conclusion: Results indicate young adults experiencing elevated depressive symptoms may use ENDS at a greater frequency than their peers because they believe ENDS use will alleviate stress, increase relaxation and/or concentration.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Male ; Vaping ; Depression ; Texas ; Marketing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	519918-9
ISSN	1879-0046 ; 0376-8716
ISSN (online)	1879-0046
ISSN	0376-8716
DOI	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109870
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Article ; Online: Multiple Monitors or Single Canvas? Evaluating Window Management and Layout Strategies on Virtual Displays.

Pavanatto, Leonardo / Lu, Feiyu / North, Chris / Bowman, Doug A

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics

2024 Volume PP

Abstract: Virtual displays enabled through head-worn augmented reality have unique characteristics that can yield extensive amounts of screen space. Existing research has shown that increasing the space on a computer screen can enhance usability. Since virtual ... ...

Abstract	Virtual displays enabled through head-worn augmented reality have unique characteristics that can yield extensive amounts of screen space. Existing research has shown that increasing the space on a computer screen can enhance usability. Since virtual displays offer the unique ability to present content without rigid physical space constraints, they provide various new design possibilities. Therefore, we must understand the trade-offs of layout choices when structuring that space. We propose a single Canvas approach that eliminates boundaries from traditional multi-monitor approaches and instead places windows in one large, unified space. Our user study compared this approach against a multi-monitor setup, and we considered both purely virtual systems and hybrid systems that included a physical monitor. We looked into usability factors such as performance, accuracy, and overall window management. Results show that Canvas displays can cause users to compact window layouts more than multiple monitors with snapping behavior, even though such optimizations may not lead to longer window management times. We did not find conclusive evidence of either setup providing a better user experience. Multi-Monitor displays offer quick window management with snapping and a structured layout through subdivisions. However, Canvas displays allow for more control in placement and size, lowering the amount of space used and, thus, head rotation. Multi-Monitor benefits were more prominent in the hybrid configuration, while the Canvas display was more beneficial in the purely virtual configuration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1941-0506
ISSN (online)	1941-0506
DOI	10.1109/TVCG.2024.3368930
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Article ; Online: Challenges integrating skin sensitization data for assessment of difficult to test substances.

Greminger, Allison / Frasca, Joseph / Goyak, Katy / North, Colin

ALTEX

2023 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 104–118

Abstract: Difficult to test substances, including poorly soluble, mildly irritating, or UVCBs (unknown or variable composition complex reaction products or biological materials), producing weak or borderline in vivo results, face additional challenges in in vitro ... ...

Abstract	Difficult to test substances, including poorly soluble, mildly irritating, or UVCBs (unknown or variable composition complex reaction products or biological materials), producing weak or borderline in vivo results, face additional challenges in in vitro assays that often necessitate data integration in a weight of evidence (WOE) approach to inform skin sensitization potential. Here we present several case studies on difficult to test substances and highlight the utility of the toxicological priority index (ToxPi) as a data visualization tool to compare skin sensitization biological activity. The case study test substances represent two poorly soluble substances, tetrakis (2-ethylbutyl) orthosilicate and decyl palmitate, and two UVCB substances, alkylated anisole and hydrazinecarboximidamide, 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-, reaction products with 2 undecanone. Data from key events within the skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway were gathered from publicly available sources or specifically generated. Incorporating the data for these case study test substances as well as data on chemicals of a known sensitization class (sensitizer, irritating non-sensitizer, and non-sensitizer) into ToxPi produced biological activity profiles which were grouped using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Three of the case study test substances concluded to lack skin sensitization potential by traditional WOE produced biological activity profiles most consistent with non-sensitizing substances, whereas the prediction was less definitive for a substance considered positive by traditional WOE. Visualizing the data using bioactivity profiles can provide further support for WOE conclusions in certain circumstances but is unlikely to replace WOE as a stand-alone prediction due to limitations of the method including the impact of missing data points.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Skin ; Adverse Outcome Pathways ; Local Lymph Node Assay
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	165707-0
ISSN	1868-8551 ; 1018-4562 ; 0946-7785
ISSN (online)	1868-8551
ISSN	1018-4562 ; 0946-7785
DOI	10.14573/altex.2201122
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Article ; Online: Tobacco use behaviors on college campuses in Texas: What, where, and who.

North, Caroline / Grossberg, Lou Ann / Loukas, Alexandra

Journal of American college health : J of ACH

2023 , Page(s) 1–4

Abstract: Purpose: ...

Abstract	Purpose:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604907-2
ISSN	1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
ISSN (online)	1940-3208
ISSN	0744-8481
DOI	10.1080/07448481.2023.2214245
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Book ; Online: DeepSI

Bian, Yali / North, Chris

Interactive Deep Learning for Semantic Interaction

2023

Abstract: In this paper, we design novel interactive deep learning methods to improve semantic interactions in visual analytics applications. The ability of semantic interaction to infer analysts' precise intents during sensemaking is dependent on the quality of ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we design novel interactive deep learning methods to improve semantic interactions in visual analytics applications. The ability of semantic interaction to infer analysts' precise intents during sensemaking is dependent on the quality of the underlying data representation. We propose the $\text{DeepSI}_{\text{finetune}}$ framework that integrates deep learning into the human-in-the-loop interactive sensemaking pipeline, with two important properties. First, deep learning extracts meaningful representations from raw data, which improves semantic interaction inference. Second, semantic interactions are exploited to fine-tune the deep learning representations, which then further improves semantic interaction inference. This feedback loop between human interaction and deep learning enables efficient learning of user- and task-specific representations. To evaluate the advantage of embedding the deep learning within the semantic interaction loop, we compare $\text{DeepSI}_{\text{finetune}}$ against a state-of-the-art but more basic use of deep learning as only a feature extractor pre-processed outside of the interactive loop. Results of two complementary studies, a human-centered qualitative case study and an algorithm-centered simulation-based quantitative experiment, show that $\text{DeepSI}_{\text{finetune}}$ more accurately captures users' complex mental models with fewer interactions.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Publishing date	2023-05-26
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An Examination of Grouping and Spatial Organization Tasks for High-Dimensional Data Exploration.

Wenskovitch, John / North, Chris

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics

2021 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 1742–1752

Abstract: How do analysts think about grouping and spatial operations? This overarching research question incorporates a number of points for investigation, including understanding how analysts begin to explore a dataset, the types of grouping/spatial structures ... ...

Abstract	How do analysts think about grouping and spatial operations? This overarching research question incorporates a number of points for investigation, including understanding how analysts begin to explore a dataset, the types of grouping/spatial structures created and the operations performed on them, the relationship between grouping and spatial structures, the decisions analysts make when exploring individual observations, and the role of external information. This work contributes the design and results of such a study, in which a group of participants are asked to organize the data contained within an unfamiliar quantitative dataset. We identify several overarching approaches taken by participants to design their organizational space, discuss the interactions performed by the participants, and propose design recommendations to improve the usability of future high-dimensional data exploration tools that make use of grouping (clustering) and spatial (dimension reduction) operations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1941-0506
ISSN (online)	1941-0506
DOI	10.1109/TVCG.2020.3028890
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Article: Comprehensive geriatric assessment of a mental health service user with safeguarding needs.

North, Chris

Nursing older people

2016 Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 25–29

Abstract: This is the final article in a short series that presents case study examples of the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in different clinical settings. CGA is a holistic model that is used to determine frail older people's medical and mental ...

Abstract	This is the final article in a short series that presents case study examples of the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in different clinical settings. CGA is a holistic model that is used to determine frail older people's medical and mental health status, as well as any functional, social and environmental issues that might affect their care. When undertaken by nurses, it can enable individualised planning for health, safety and wellbeing. This article explores the case of an older woman living in the community who was receiving support from a number of health and social care services and who had significant safeguarding needs. It highlights the complexity of caring for patients with physical and mental health conditions. CGA can link these conditions and needs together to allow a better understanding of their effects on the patient. The risks of significant transitions in care are also highlighted, along with recommendations for the provision of multidisciplinary care in community settings.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Community Mental Health Services ; Dementia/complications ; Elder Abuse ; Female ; Geriatric Assessment/methods ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Needs Assessment ; Patient Safety ; Schizophrenia/complications ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028615-6
ISSN	2047-8941 ; 1472-0795
ISSN (online)	2047-8941
ISSN	1472-0795
DOI	10.7748/nop.28.5.25.s25
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Article ; Online: Systematic investigation of inadequate food access at a large southeastern land grant university.

Hall, Ralph P / Agnew, Jessica / Liu, Wei / Petrie, Lana / North, Chris

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0298041

Abstract: Over the past decade, the impact of low food security on student well-being and academic performance has become a growing concern at institutions of higher education across the U.S. This mixed methods study adds to the growing body of evidence on the ... ...

Abstract	Over the past decade, the impact of low food security on student well-being and academic performance has become a growing concern at institutions of higher education across the U.S. This mixed methods study adds to the growing body of evidence on the association between student socio-demographic and economic characteristics and food security. An online survey covering food access, student well-being, and housing security was sent to 35,337 undergraduate and graduate students at a large southeastern land grant university. A total of 2,116 complete responses were received; a 6% response rate. The survey responses also included 176 written statements by students. The survey found that 16% of both undergraduate and graduate students had low or very low food security, as defined by a modified USDA food security measure. The socio-demographic and economic characteristics that were linked to a higher likelihood of low food security included: having a GPA of less than 3.0, having a disability, being an international student, being a first-generation student, being a transfer student, going into debt to pay for food, being a Black or African American student, having poor mental health, having uncertain living arrangements, and having no medical insurance. Recommendations for enhancing student access to food, housing, and mental health services are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Universities ; Academic Performance ; Black People ; Black or African American ; Food
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0298041
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Article ; Online: This is the Table I Want! Interactive Data Transformation on Desktop and in Virtual Reality.

In, Sungwon / Lin, Tica / North, Chris / Pfister, Hanspeter / Yang, Yalong

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics

2023 Volume PP

Abstract: Data transformation is an essential step in data science. While experts primarily use programming to transform their data, there is an increasing need to support non-programmers with user interface-based tools. With the rapid development in interaction ... ...

Abstract	Data transformation is an essential step in data science. While experts primarily use programming to transform their data, there is an increasing need to support non-programmers with user interface-based tools. With the rapid development in interaction techniques and computing environments, we report our empirical findings about the effects of interaction techniques and environments on performing data transformation tasks. Specifically, we studied the potential benefits of direct interaction and virtual reality (VR) for data transformation. We compared gesture interaction versus a standard WIMP user interface, each on the desktop and in VR. With the tested data and tasks, we found time performance was similar between desktop and VR. Meanwhile, VR demonstrates preliminary evidence to better support provenance and sense-making throughout the data transformation process. Our exploration of performing data transformation in VR also provides initial affirmation for enabling an iterative and fully immersive data science workflow.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1941-0506
ISSN (online)	1941-0506
DOI	10.1109/TVCG.2023.3299602
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