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Book ; Online: Advancing Methods for Psychological Assessment Across Borders

Ruggeri, Kai / Diana Roman, Gabriela / Walczak, Agnieszka / Norton, Sam / Cipresso, Pietro / Del Pino, Rocio / Egumenovska, Kristina

2020

Keywords	Science: general issues ; Psychology ; psychological methods ; early career researchers ; behavioral science ; reproducibility
Size	1 electronic resource (212 pages)
Publisher	Frontiers Media SA
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021230459
ISBN	9782889459483 ; 2889459489
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Validation of the Problematic Khat Use Screening Test: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Mihretu, Awoke / Fekadu, Abebaw / Norton, Sam / Habtamu, Kassahun / Teferra, Solomon

European addiction research

2022 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 275–286

Abstract: Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Problematic Khat Use Screening Test (PKUST-17) in Ethiopia.: Methods: A validation study of PKUST-17 was carried out among 510 khat users, using a house-to-house survey. Confirmatory ...

Abstract	Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Problematic Khat Use Screening Test (PKUST-17) in Ethiopia. Methods: A validation study of PKUST-17 was carried out among 510 khat users, using a house-to-house survey. Confirmatory factor analysis and 2-parametric item response theory (IRT) were used to evaluate the construct validity of PKUST-17. We also used Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient and other test statistics to assess the convergent validity of PKUST-17 with depression symptoms, functional impairment, and other characteristics of participants. We generated latent classes of problematic khat use using latent profile analysis (LPA) and validated the classes using multinomial logistic regression. Results: The data confirm the unidimensional model of the PKUST-17. The internal consistency of PKUST-17 was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). IRT discrimination parameters indicated that each item had a strong ability to distinguish participants across the spectrum of problematic khat use (α thresholds range from 1.02 to 2.9). The items were fairly or moderately severe to be endorsed by participants (β thresholds vary from 1.43 to 5.57). The LPA identified three latent classes which have severity differences: mild (34%), moderate (34%), and severe (32%) problematic khat use. Depression symptoms, functional impairment, and other khat use patterns were also associated with moderate and severe problematic khat use class membership compared to mild problematic khat use class. Conclusion: We found that the PKUST-17 is a culturally appropriate, brief, easy to use, and psychometrically sound screening test. PKUST-17 can be used to screen khat users with different levels of risk for providing stepped care at different healthcare levels, including integration of services in primary care. Future studies need to test the predictive capacity of the PKUST-17 for khat-related harms.
MeSH term(s)	Catha/adverse effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1215786-7
ISSN	1421-9891 ; 1022-6877
ISSN (online)	1421-9891
ISSN	1022-6877
DOI	10.1159/000522618
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Article ; Online: The efficacy of cue exposure therapy on alcohol use disorders: A quantitative meta-analysis and systematic review.

Kiyak, Ceyda / Simonetti, Matilde E / Norton, Sam / Deluca, Paolo

Addictive behaviors

2022 Volume 139, Page(s) 107578

Abstract: Background: Cue exposure therapy (CET) techniques involves repeated and controlled exposures to alcohol stimuli which rest upon the well-established principles of Pavlovian extinction (Byrne et al., 2019). However, the efficacy of CET while treating ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cue exposure therapy (CET) techniques involves repeated and controlled exposures to alcohol stimuli which rest upon the well-established principles of Pavlovian extinction (Byrne et al., 2019). However, the efficacy of CET while treating alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is still a matter of debate. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of CET on AUDs by using previous meta-analysis study on the same topic from Mellentin et al. (2017) as a base. Methods: A computer-assisted search of relevant articles identified 879 studies in Medline, PsycInfo and Embase, of which 11 studies (published between 1992 and 2019) were selected. Three outcome measures were extracted: alcohol consumption defined as drinks per day (drinking intensity) and alcohol reduction defined as drinking days and relapse (drinking frequency). This study is registered with PROSPERO (Registration no: #CRD42021259077). Results: The present meta-analytical review found small to medium effect on drinks per day (g = -0.35; 95 %CI -0.72 to 0.03), drinking days (g = -0.30; 95 %CI -0.54 to -0.06) and relapse (OR = -0.58; 95 %CI 0.29 to 1.15) while investigating the efficacy of CET on AUDs. GRADE assessment was used to evaluate the overall quality, and it was assessed as low. Regarding Risk of Bias, the studies in this systematic review were evaluated with "some concerns". Conclusion: The present meta-analysis demonstrated that CET has small to medium effect on drinks per day, drinking days and relapse. Future research should strive to conduct larger scale multi-site CET trials with additional methodological innovations and increase retention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alcoholism/therapy ; Alcohol Drinking/therapy ; Implosive Therapy/methods ; Cues ; Ethanol
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107578
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Article ; Online: Childhood gender nonconformity and the stability of self-reported sexual orientation from adolescence to young adulthood in a birth cohort.

Xu, Yin / Norton, Sam / Rahman, Qazi

Developmental psychology

2021 Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 557–569

Abstract: This study quantified changes in self-reported sexual orientation from adolescence to early adulthood, and whether childhood gender nonconformity (GNC) predicted sexual orientation changes. Youth (2,678 boys and 3,359 girls; 96.09% ethnically White) from ...

Abstract	This study quantified changes in self-reported sexual orientation from adolescence to early adulthood, and whether childhood gender nonconformity (GNC) predicted sexual orientation changes. Youth (2,678 boys and 3,359 girls; 96.09% ethnically White) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were included. Self-reported sexual orientation was measured using sexual attraction (5-point scale) at ages 15.5, 21, and 23. GNC was measured via Preschool Activities Inventory at ages 2.5, 3.5, and 4.75 years. The prevalence of boys and girls who reported being gay/lesbian increased from 15.5 to 21 years old whereas the proportion of bisexuals was relatively stable for both sexes. Among boys, heterosexuality and being gay were equally stable and relatively more stable compared to bisexuality. Among girls, reporting being lesbian and bisexual were equally unstable and relatively less stable than heterosexuality. Girls reporting being lesbian were more likely to report changes in their sexual orientation than gay adolescent boys. The stability of being lesbian and bisexual among girls, and bisexuality among boys, increased over time. Overall, few people changed their self-reported sexual orientation between ages 21 and 23. GNC at 2.5 years, and changes in GNC from 2.5 to 4.75 years, predicted being lesbian/gay at 15.5, 21, and 23 years and changes from being heterosexual to lesbian/gay from 15.5 to 21 years in each sex. In conclusion, self-reported sexual orientation from adolescence to young adulthood is relatively stable in males compared to females, and childhood GNC is a predictor of any, albeit small, sexual orientation changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Bisexuality ; Female ; Heterosexuality ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Self Report ; Sexuality/psychology ; Sexuality/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2066223-3
ISSN	1939-0599 ; 0012-1649
ISSN (online)	1939-0599
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0001164
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Article ; Online: A randomized controlled trial of a digital cognitive-behavioral therapy program (COMPASS) for managing depression and anxiety related to living with a long-term physical health condition.

Picariello, Federica / Hulme, Katrin / Seaton, Natasha / Hudson, Joanna L / Norton, Sam / Wroe, Abigail / Moss-Morris, Rona

Psychological medicine

2024 , Page(s) 1–14

Abstract: Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of COMPASS, a therapist-supported digital therapeutic for reducing psychological distress (anxiety/depression) in people living with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs).: Methods: A two-armed ... ...

Abstract	Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of COMPASS, a therapist-supported digital therapeutic for reducing psychological distress (anxiety/depression) in people living with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs). Methods: A two-armed randomized-controlled trial recruiting from LTC charities. Participants with anxiety and/or depression symptoms related to their LTC(s) were randomized (concealed allocation via independent administrator) to COMPASS (access to 11 tailored modules plus five thirty-minute therapist support sessions) or standard charity support (SCS). Assessments were completed online pre-randomization, at 6- and 12-weeks post-randomization. Primary outcome was Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale; PHQ-ADS measured at 12-weeks. Analysis used intention-to-treat principles with adjusted mean differences estimated using linear mixed-effects models. Data-analyst was blinded to group allocation. Results: 194 participants were randomized to COMPASS ( Conclusion: Compared with SCS, COMPASS digital therapeutic with minimal therapist input reduces psychological distress at post-treatment (12-weeks). COMPASS offers a potentially scalable implementation model for health services but its translation to these contexts needs further evaluating. Trial registration: NCT04535778.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291723003756
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Article ; Online: Computational Analysis of High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry Data from Clinical Tissue Samples.

Norton, Sam / Kemp, Roslyn

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2019 Volume 1989, Page(s) 295–307

Abstract: The advent of mass cytometry has resulted in the generation of high-dimensional, single-cell expression data sets from clinical samples. These data sets cannot be effectively analyzed using traditional approaches. Instead, new approaches using ... ...

Abstract	The advent of mass cytometry has resulted in the generation of high-dimensional, single-cell expression data sets from clinical samples. These data sets cannot be effectively analyzed using traditional approaches. Instead, new approaches using dimensionality reduction and network analysis techniques have been implemented to assess these data. Here, detailed methods are described for analyzing immune cell expression from clinical samples using network analyses. Specifically, details are given for performing SCAFFoLD and CITRUS analyses. The methods described will use immune cell tumor infiltrate as an example.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Computational Biology/methods ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Humans ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/cytology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4939-9454-0_19
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Article ; Online: Adolescent Sexual Behavior Patterns, Mental Health, and Early Life Adversities in a British Birth Cohort.

Xu, Yin / Norton, Sam / Rahman, Qazi

Journal of sex research

2021 Volume 59, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: This study tested adolescent sexual behavior patterns at age 14, their association with mental health at age 17 (psychological well-being, substance use, and self-harm attempts), and the influence of early life adversities upon this association. A ... ...

Abstract	This study tested adolescent sexual behavior patterns at age 14, their association with mental health at age 17 (psychological well-being, substance use, and self-harm attempts), and the influence of early life adversities upon this association. A British birth cohort (5,593 boys and 5,724 girls from the Millennium Cohort Study) was used. Latent class analysis suggested five subgroups of adolescent sexual behaviors: a "no sexual behavior" (50.74%), a "kisser" (39.92%), a "touching under clothes" (4.71%), a "genital touching" (2.64%), and an "all sexual activities" class (1.99%). Adolescents from the "kisser," "touching under clothes," "genital touching," and "all sexual activities" classes reported significantly more substance use and self-harm attempts compared to adolescents from the "no sexual behavior" group. The associations became weaker after controlling for early life adversities (reducing around 4.38% to 37.35% for boys, and 9.29% to 52.56% for girls), and reduced to a smaller degree after further controlling for mental health variables at 14. The associations between sexual behaviors and psychological well-being became non-significant after controlling for early life adversities. Adolescents who have engaged in low-intensity sexual activities at early age may have poorer reported mental health, a pattern that is stronger for girls and early life adversity may partially explain this association.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Birth Cohort ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Sexual Behavior/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	220889-1
ISSN	1559-8519 ; 0022-4499
ISSN (online)	1559-8519
ISSN	0022-4499
DOI	10.1080/00224499.2021.1959509
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Article ; Online: Do interventions for mood improve inflammatory biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease?: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Seaton, Natasha / Hudson, Joanna / Harding, Sophie / Norton, Sam / Mondelli, Valeria / Jones, Annie S K / Moss-Morris, Rona

EBioMedicine

2024 Volume 100, Page(s) 104910

Abstract: Background: Psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms and the gut-brain axis appear relevant to disease activity and progression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). A recent review showed no effect of psychological therapies on self-reported disease activity ...

Abstract	Background: Psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms and the gut-brain axis appear relevant to disease activity and progression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). A recent review showed no effect of psychological therapies on self-reported disease activity in IBD. This meta-analysis aims to establish whether interventions targeting mood outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress) impact inflammation levels in IBD and possible moderators of these effects. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. We searched five electronic databases and included randomised controlled trials where interventions targeted mood and assessed inflammatory outcomes pre- and post-intervention in adults with IBD. Independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Data were pooled to estimate standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). A random-effects robust variance estimation accounted for studies measuring multiple biomarkers. Intervention type, mood as a primary or secondary outcome, effect on mood outcomes and IBD subtype were investigated as treatment effect moderators. Where there were sufficient biomarkers, individual meta-analyses were run (Pre-registration PROSPERO: CRD42023389401). Findings: 28 RCTs involving 1789 participants met inclusion criteria. Interventions demonstrated small, statistically significant effects on biomarkers (-0.35, 95% CI: -0.48, -0.22, p < 0.001) and medium effects on mood outcomes (-0.50, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.27, p < 0.001), without evidence of substantive heterogeneity or publication bias. Individual analyses showed small effects for improved faecal calprotectin (-0.19, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.03, p = 0.018) and C-Reactive Protein (-0.29, 95% CI: -0.47, -0.10, p = 0.002). Effect sizes were larger for psychological therapy interventions (compared with exercise or antidepressants) and when there was an effect (SMD ≥0.2) on mood. Interpretation: Treatments which address mood outcomes have beneficial effects on generic inflammation as well as disease-specific biomarkers (faecal calprotectin and C-Reactive Protein). Psychological interventions and interventions with larger treatment effects on mood accentuated the effect on biomarkers. More research is required to understand the biological or behavioural mechanisms underlying this effect. Funding: The Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; C-Reactive Protein ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy ; Biomarkers ; Inflammation/therapy ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
Chemical Substances	C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Biomarkers ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851331-9
ISSN	2352-3964
ISSN (online)	2352-3964
DOI	10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104910
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Article ; Online: Parental status and characteristics of women in substance use treatment services: Analysis of electronic patient records.

Canfield, Martha / Norton, Sam / Downs, Johnny / Gilchrist, Gail

Journal of substance abuse treatment

2021 Volume 127, Page(s) 108365

Abstract: Background: Many women receiving substance use treatment services are mothers. Despite this, research has not proved whether substance use treatment services are addressing the specific needs of mothers. This study explored differences in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many women receiving substance use treatment services are mothers. Despite this, research has not proved whether substance use treatment services are addressing the specific needs of mothers. This study explored differences in sociodemographic, psychological, patterns of substance use, and treatment characteristics between mothers and women without children, and between mothers whose children were in alternative care. Method: The study extracted data from electronic patient records (EPRs) of women who attended South London and Maudsley (SLaM) National Health Services (NHS) Foundation Trust addiction services between 2013 and 2020 (N = 4370). Results: The study identified 1730 participants (39.6%) as mothers, of whom 1340 (77.4%) had dependent children. The average number of births was 1.83 (SD = 1.0). Of the participants, 54.3% of mothers did not disclose whether their dependent child(ren) was under their care and 37.5% of mothers indicated that at least one of their child(ren) was in alternative care. Alcohol was the most reported type of substance used in the past 28 days. Mothers also highly reported suicide attempts and hospitalization due to mental health problems. Compared to women without children, mothers were more likely to be young, experience housing problems, use opioids and/or crack-cocaine in the past 28 days and experience lifetime domestic violence victimizations. Mothers were also less likely to have alcohol-related problems, experience overdose, and social isolation than women without children. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for substance use services to invest in approaches to improve mothers' disclosure of parenting and childcare issues. It also demonstrates that EPRs can identify key characteristics of mothers.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Humans ; London ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605923-5
ISSN	1873-6483 ; 0740-5472
ISSN (online)	1873-6483
ISSN	0740-5472
DOI	10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108365
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Article ; Online: Pain sensitisation and joint inflammation in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

Chaabo, Khaldoun / Chan, Estee / Garrood, Toby / Rutter-Locher, Zoe / Vincent, Alex / Galloway, James / Norton, Sam / Kirkham, Bruce W

RMD open

2024 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: Introduction: Despite better therapies and strategies, many people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have persistent pain, often from abnormal pain processing, now termed nociplastic pain. However, RA patients with fibromyalgia (FM), a central nociplastic ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Despite better therapies and strategies, many people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have persistent pain, often from abnormal pain processing, now termed nociplastic pain. However, RA patients with fibromyalgia (FM), a central nociplastic pain syndrome, also have power doppler ultrasound (PDUS+) joint inflammation. To understand the complex causes of pain, we performed clinical examination and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) plus comprehensive PDUS evaluation not previously combined. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of sequential RA patients with at least moderate DAS28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate disease activity, we assessed 66/68 joints for swelling and tenderness, respectively, FM American College of Rheumatology 2010 diagnostic criteria, completed PROMs for function, quality of life and mood, alongside PDUS examination of 44 joints. Statistical analysis included logistic regression modelling and regularised (lasso) logistic regression methods. Results: From 158 patients, 72 (46%) patients met FM criteria, with significantly worse tender joint counts and PROMs, but no differences in PDUS compared with the non-FM group. Categorising patients by PDUS+ joint presence and/or FM criteria, we identified four distinct groups: 43 (27.2%) patients with -FM-PD, 43 (27.2%) with -FM+PD, 42 (26.6%) with +FM-PD and 30 (19%) with +FM+PD. Both FM+ groups had worse PROMs for fatigue, mood and pain, compared with the FM- groups. We were unable to develop algorithms to identify different groups. Conclusion: The unexpected group -FM-PD group may have peripheral nociplastic pain, not commonly recognised in rheumatology. Only 46% of patients demonstrated PDUS+ inflammation. However clinical examination and PROMs did not reliably differentiate groups, emphasising PDUS remains an important tool.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Quality of Life ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Pain/etiology ; Fibromyalgia/complications ; Fibromyalgia/diagnosis ; Inflammation
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2812592-7
ISSN	2056-5933 ; 2056-5933
ISSN (online)	2056-5933
ISSN	2056-5933
DOI	10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003784
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