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Article: Meta-Analyses of Splicing and Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Identified Susceptibility Genes of Glioma.

Patro, C Pawan K / Nousome, Darryl / Lai, Rose K

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 609657

Abstract: Background: The functions of most glioma risk alleles are unknown. Very few studies had evaluated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and insights of susceptibility genes were limited due to scarcity of available brain tissues. Moreover, no prior ...

Abstract	Background: The functions of most glioma risk alleles are unknown. Very few studies had evaluated expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and insights of susceptibility genes were limited due to scarcity of available brain tissues. Moreover, no prior study had examined the effect of glioma risk alleles on alternative RNA splicing. Objective: This study explored splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTL) as molecular QTL and improved the power of QTL mapping through meta-analyses of both Methods: We first evaluated eQTLs and sQTLs of the CommonMind Consortium (CMC) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) using genotyping, or whole-genome sequencing and RNA-seq data. Alternative splicing events were characterized using an annotation-free method that detected intron excision events. Then, we conducted meta-analyses by pooling the eQTL and sQTL results of CMC and GTEx using the inverse variance-weighted model. Afterward, we integrated QTL meta-analysis results (Q < 0.05) with the Glioma International Case Control Study (GICC) GWAS meta-analysis (case:12,496, control:18,190), using a summary statistics-based mendelian randomization (SMR) method. Results: Between CMC and GTEx, we combined the QTL data of 354 unique individuals of European ancestry. SMR analyses revealed 15 eQTLs in 11 loci and 32 sQTLs in 9 loci relevant to glioma risk. Two loci only harbored sQTLs (1q44 and 16p13.3). In seven loci, both eQTL and sQTL coexisted (2q33.3, 7p11.2, 11q23.3 15q24.2, 16p12.1, 20q13.33, and 22q13.1), but the target genes were different for five of these seven loci. Three eQTL loci (9p21.3, 20q13.33, and 22q13.1) and 4 sQTL loci (11q23.3, 16p13.3, 16q12.1, and 20q13.33) harbored multiple target genes. Eight target genes of sQTLs ( Conclusion: Our study revealed that the regulation of transcriptome by glioma risk alleles is complex, with the potential for eQTL and sQTL jointly affecting gliomagenesis in risk loci. QTLs of many loci involved multiple target genes, some of which were specific to alternative splicing. Therefore, quantitative trait loci that evaluate only total gene expression will miss many important target genes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606823-0
ISSN	1664-8021
ISSN	1664-8021
DOI	10.3389/fgene.2021.609657
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Article ; Online: Five-year survival of patients with late-stage prostate cancer: comparison of the Military Health System and the U.S. general population.

Lin, Jie / Nousome, Darryl / Jiang, Jiji / Chesnut, Gregory T / Shriver, Craig D / Zhu, Kangmin

British journal of cancer

2023 Volume 128, Issue 6, Page(s) 1070–1076

Abstract: Background: While the 5-year survival rate for local and regional prostate cancer is nearly 100%, it decreases dramatically for advanced tumours. Accessibility to health care is an important factor for cancer prognosis. The U.S. Military Health System ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: While the 5-year survival rate for local and regional prostate cancer is nearly 100%, it decreases dramatically for advanced tumours. Accessibility to health care is an important factor for cancer prognosis. The U.S. Military Health System (MHS) provides universal health care to its beneficiaries, reducing financial barriers to medical care. However, whether the universal care translates into improved survival among patients with advanced prostate cancer in the MHS is unknown. In this study, we compared the MHS and the U.S. general population in survival of patients with advanced prostate cancer (stages III and IV). Methods: The MHS patients (N = 5379) were identified from the Department of Defense's (DoD) Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR). Patients in the U.S. general population (N = 21,516) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programme. The two populations were matched on age, race, and diagnosis year. Results: The ACTUR patients exhibited longer 5-year survival than the matched SEER patients (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.67-0.83), after adjustment for the potential confounders. The improved survival was observed for ages 50 years or older, both White patients and Black patients, all tumour stages and grades. This was also demonstrated despite the receipt of surgery or radiation treatment. Conclusions: MHS beneficiaries with advanced prostate cancer had longer survival than their counterparts in the U.S. general population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Black People ; Military Health Services ; Military Personnel ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Registries ; SEER Program ; United States ; White
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80075-2
ISSN	1532-1827 ; 0007-0920
ISSN (online)	1532-1827
ISSN	0007-0920
DOI	10.1038/s41416-022-02136-3
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Article: Identification of a dysfunctional exon-skipping splice variant in

Toyoda, Yu / Cho, Sung Kweon / Tasic, Velibor / Pavelcová, Kateřina / Bohatá, Jana / Suzuki, Hiroshi / David, Victor A / Yoon, Jaeho / Pallaiova, Anna / Šaligová, Jana / Nousome, Darryl / Cachau, Raul / Winkler, Cheryl A / Takada, Tappei / Stibůrková, Blanka

Frontiers in genetics

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1048330

Abstract: Renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a pathological condition characterized by extremely low serum urate and overexcretion of urate in the kidney; this inheritable disorder is classified into type 1 and type 2 based on causative genes encoding physiologically- ... ...

Abstract	Renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a pathological condition characterized by extremely low serum urate and overexcretion of urate in the kidney; this inheritable disorder is classified into type 1 and type 2 based on causative genes encoding physiologically-important urate transporters,
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606823-0
ISSN	1664-8021
ISSN	1664-8021
DOI	10.3389/fgene.2022.1048330
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Article: Association of

Duncan, Allison / Nousome, Darryl / Ricks, Randy / Kuo, Huai-Ching / Ravindranath, Lakshmi / Dobi, Albert / Cullen, Jennifer / Srivastava, Shiv / Chesnut, Gregory T / Petrovics, Gyorgy / Kohaar, Indu

Biomedicines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: Growing evidence indicates the involvement of a genetic component in prostate cancer (CaP) susceptibility and clinical severity. Studies have reported the role of germline mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ... ...

Abstract	Growing evidence indicates the involvement of a genetic component in prostate cancer (CaP) susceptibility and clinical severity. Studies have reported the role of germline mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines11051404
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Article ; Online: Immunologic Assessment of Tumors from a Race-matched Military Cohort Identifies Mast Cell Depletion as a Marker of Prostate Cancer Progression.

Schafer, Cara C / Jiang, Jiji / Elsamanoudi, Sally / Nousome, Darryl / Young, Denise Y / Song, Yingjie / Sesterhenn, Isabell A / Chesnut, Gregory T / Tan, Shyh-Han

Cancer research communications

2023 Volume 3, Issue 8, Page(s) 1423–1434

Abstract: Elucidating the cellular immune components underlying aggressive prostate cancer, especially among African American (AA) men who are disproportionately affected by this disease compared with Caucasian American (CA) men, will support more inclusive ... ...

Abstract	Elucidating the cellular immune components underlying aggressive prostate cancer, especially among African American (AA) men who are disproportionately affected by this disease compared with Caucasian American (CA) men, will support more inclusive precision medicine treatment strategies. We aimed to evaluate which immune-related genes and cell types are differentially expressed in AA tumors and how immunobiology impacts prostate cancer progression. We purified nucleic acid from tumor biopsies, obtained following radical prostatectomy, from 51 patients (AA = 26, CA = 25). Gene expression was measured using the NanoString platform from which we estimated immune cell abundances and assessed differences between groups based on clinicopathologic data. Product-limit estimates determined associations with biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free and metastasis-free survival. Significance: Our findings demonstrate that there are immune-related genes and pathways that differ by race. Impaired intratumoral cellular immune composition, especially for TIL-normalized mast cells, may be vital in predicting and contributing to prostate cancer disease progression.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Mast Cells/pathology ; Military Personnel ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prognosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics ; Disease Progression ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C
Chemical Substances	Prostate-Specific Antigen (EC 3.4.21.77) ; KLRC2 protein, human ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2767-9764
ISSN (online)	2767-9764
DOI	10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-22-0463
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Article ; Online: The CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib in BRCA wild-type platinum-resistant recurrent high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: a phase 2 trial.

Giudice, Elena / Huang, Tzu-Ting / Nair, Jayakumar R / Zurcher, Grant / McCoy, Ann / Nousome, Darryl / Radke, Marc R / Swisher, Elizabeth M / Lipkowitz, Stanley / Ibanez, Kristen / Donohue, Duncan / Malys, Tyler / Lee, Min-Jung / Redd, Bernadette / Levy, Elliot / Rastogi, Shraddha / Sato, Nahoko / Trepel, Jane B / Lee, Jung-Min

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 2805

Abstract: The multi-cohort phase 2 trial NCT02203513 was designed to evaluate the clinical activity of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) prexasertib in patients with breast or ovarian cancer. Here we report the activity of CHK1i in platinum-resistant high-grade serous ... ...

Abstract	The multi-cohort phase 2 trial NCT02203513 was designed to evaluate the clinical activity of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) prexasertib in patients with breast or ovarian cancer. Here we report the activity of CHK1i in platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) with measurable and biopsiable disease (cohort 5), or without biopsiable disease (cohort 6). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcomes were safety and progression-free survival (PFS). 49 heavily pretreated patients were enrolled (24 in cohort 5, 25 in cohort 6). Among the 39 RECISTv1.1-evaluable patients, ORR was 33.3% in cohort 5 and 28.6% in cohort 6. Primary endpoint was not evaluable due to early stop of the trial. The median PFS was 4 months in cohort 5 and 6 months in cohort 6. Toxicity was manageable. Translational research was an exploratory endpoint. Potential biomarkers were investigated using pre-treatment fresh biopsies and serial blood samples. Transcriptomic analysis revealed high levels of DNA replication-related genes (POLA1, POLE, GINS3) associated with lack of clinical benefit [defined post-hoc as PFS < 6 months]. Subsequent preclinical experiments demonstrated significant cytotoxicity of POLA1 silencing in combination with CHK1i in platinum-resistant HGSOC cell line models. Therefore, POLA1 expression may be predictive for CHK1i resistance, and the concurrent POLA1 inhibition may improve the efficacy of CHK1i monotherapy in this hard-to-treat population, deserving further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Pyrazoles/therapeutic use ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Pyrazines
Chemical Substances	prexasertib ; BRCA1 Protein ; Pyrazoles ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; GINS3 protein, human ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Pyrazines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-47215-6
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Article ; Online: Sequencing-based functional assays for classification of BRCA2 variants in mouse ESCs.

Biswas, Kajal / Mitrophanov, Alexander Y / Sahu, Sounak / Sullivan, Teresa / Southon, Eileen / Nousome, Darryl / Reid, Susan / Narula, Sakshi / Smolen, Julia / Sengupta, Trisha / Riedel-Topper, Maximilian / Kapoor, Medha / Babbar, Anav / Stauffer, Stacey / Cleveland, Linda / Tandon, Mayank / Malys, Tyler / Sharan, Shyam K

Cell reports methods

2023 Volume 3, Issue 11, Page(s) 100628

Abstract: Sequencing of genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, is recommended for individuals with a personal or family history of early onset and/or bilateral breast and/or ovarian cancer or a history of male breast cancer. Such sequencing efforts have resulted in the ... ...

Abstract	Sequencing of genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, is recommended for individuals with a personal or family history of early onset and/or bilateral breast and/or ovarian cancer or a history of male breast cancer. Such sequencing efforts have resulted in the identification of more than 17,000 BRCA2 variants. The functional significance of most variants remains unknown; consequently, they are called variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUSs). We have previously developed mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-based assays for functional classification of BRCA2 variants. We now developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approach for functional evaluation of BRCA2 variants using pools of mESCs expressing 10-25 BRCA2 variants from a given exon. We use this approach for functional evaluation of 223 variants listed in ClinVar. Our functional classification of BRCA2 variants is concordant with the classification reported in ClinVar or those reported by other orthogonal assays.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Animals ; Mice ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics
Chemical Substances	BRCA2 protein, human ; BRCA2 Protein
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-2375
ISSN (online)	2667-2375
DOI	10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100628
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Article ; Online: Saturation genome editing of 11 codons and exon 13 of BRCA2 coupled with chemotherapeutic drug response accurately determines pathogenicity of variants.

Sahu, Sounak / Sullivan, Teresa L / Mitrophanov, Alexander Y / Galloux, Mélissa / Nousome, Darryl / Southon, Eileen / Caylor, Dylan / Mishra, Arun Prakash / Evans, Christine N / Clapp, Michelle E / Burkett, Sandra / Malys, Tyler / Chari, Raj / Biswas, Kajal / Sharan, Shyam K

PLoS genetics

2023 Volume 19, Issue 9, Page(s) e1010940

Abstract: The unknown pathogenicity of a significant number of variants found in cancer-related genes is attributed to limited epidemiological data, resulting in their classification as variant of uncertain significance (VUS). To date, Breast Cancer gene-2 (BRCA2) ...

Abstract	The unknown pathogenicity of a significant number of variants found in cancer-related genes is attributed to limited epidemiological data, resulting in their classification as variant of uncertain significance (VUS). To date, Breast Cancer gene-2 (BRCA2) has the highest number of VUSs, which has necessitated the development of several robust functional assays to determine their functional significance. Here we report the use of a humanized-mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) line expressing a single copy of the human BRCA2 for a CRISPR-Cas9-based high-throughput functional assay. As a proof-of-principle, we have saturated 11 codons encoded by BRCA2 exons 3, 18, 19 and all possible single-nucleotide variants in exon 13 and multiplexed these variants for their functional categorization. Specifically, we used a pool of 180-mer single-stranded donor DNA to generate all possible combination of variants. Using a high throughput sequencing-based approach, we show a significant drop in the frequency of non-functional variants, whereas functional variants are enriched in the pool of the cells. We further demonstrate the response of these variants to the DNA-damaging agents, cisplatin and olaparib, allowing us to use cellular survival and drug response as parameters for variant classification. Using this approach, we have categorized 599 BRCA2 variants including 93-single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across the 11 codons, of which 28 are reported in ClinVar. We also functionally categorized 252 SNVs from exon 13 into 188 functional and 60 non-functional variants, demonstrating that saturation genome editing (SGE) coupled with drug sensitivity assays can enhance functional annotation of BRCA2 VUS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Female ; Gene Editing ; Virulence ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; BRCA2 Protein/metabolism ; Exons/genetics ; Codon ; Nucleotides ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics
Chemical Substances	BRCA2 Protein ; Codon ; Nucleotides ; BRCA1 Protein ; BRCA2 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2186725-2
ISSN	1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
ISSN (online)	1553-7404
ISSN	1553-7390
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgen.1010940
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Article ; Online: Early Immune Changes Support Signet Ring Cell Dormancy in CDH1-Driven Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Carcinogenesis.

Green, Benjamin L / Gamble, Lauren A / Diggs, Laurence P / Nousome, Darryl / Patterson, Jesse C / Joughin, Brian A / Gasmi, Billel / Lux, Stephanie C / Samaranayake, Sarah G / Miettinen, Markku / Quezado, Martha / Hernandez, Jonathan M / Yaffe, Michael B / Davis, Jeremy L

Molecular cancer research : MCR

2023 Volume 21, Issue 12, Page(s) 1356–1365

Abstract: Stage IA gastric adenocarcinoma, characterized by foci of intramucosal signet ring cells (SRC), is found in nearly all asymptomatic patients with germline pathogenic CDH1 variants and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome (HDGC). The molecular steps ...

Abstract	Stage IA gastric adenocarcinoma, characterized by foci of intramucosal signet ring cells (SRC), is found in nearly all asymptomatic patients with germline pathogenic CDH1 variants and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome (HDGC). The molecular steps involved in initiating malignant transformation and promoting SRC dormancy in HDGC are unknown. Here, whole-exome bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of SRCs and adjacent non-SRC epithelium (NEP) was performed on laser-capture microdissected (LCM) regions of interest found in risk-reducing total gastrectomy specimens from patients with HDGC (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03030404). In total, 20 patients (6 male, 14 female) with confirmed HDGC were identified. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) demonstrated upregulation of certain individual EMT and proliferation genes. However, no oncogenic pathways were found to be upregulated in SRCs. Rather, SRC regions had significant enrichment in pathways involved in T-cell signaling. CIBERSORTx predicted significant increases in the presence of regulatory T cells (Treg) specific to SRC regions. IHC confirmed an increase in FOXP3+ cells in SRC foci, as well as elevations in CD4+ T cells and HLA-DR staining. In summary, the tumor immune microenvironment is microscopically inseparable from stage IA gastric SRCs using a granular isolation technique. An elevation in CD4+ T cells within SRC regions correlates with clinically observed SRC dormancy, while Treg upregulation represents a potential immune escape mechanism. Implications: Characterization of the tumor-immune microenvironment in HDGC underscores the potential for the immune system to shape the transcriptional profile of the earliest tumors, which suggests immune-directed therapy as a potential cancer interception strategy in diffuse-type gastric cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Gastrectomy ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/genetics ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/surgery ; Adenocarcinoma ; Cadherins/genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Antigens, CD
Chemical Substances	Cadherins ; CDH1 protein, human ; Antigens, CD
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2098788-2
ISSN	1557-3125 ; 1541-7786
ISSN (online)	1557-3125
ISSN	1541-7786
DOI	10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-23-0122
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Article ; Online: Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Healthy Eyes of Black, Chinese, and Latino Americans: A Population-Based Multiethnic Study.

Nousome, Darryl / Mckean-Cowdin, Roberta / Richter, Grace M / Burkemper, Bruce / Torres, Mina / Varma, Rohit / Jiang, Xuejuan

Ophthalmology

2020 Volume 128, Issue 7, Page(s) 1005–1015

Abstract: Purpose: To compare peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness among healthy adults by race and ethnicity and to identify determinants of RNFL thickness.: Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.: Participants: Data from 6133 ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness among healthy adults by race and ethnicity and to identify determinants of RNFL thickness. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Participants: Data from 6133 individuals (11 585 eyes) from 3 population-based studies in Los Angeles County, California, 50 years of age or older and of self-described African, Chinese, or Latin American ancestry. Methods: We measured RNFL thickness and optic nerve head parameters using the Cirrus HD-OCT 4000. Multivariate linear mixed regression was used to evaluate factors associated with RNFL thickness among participants without ocular diseases. Main outcome measures: Determinants and modifiers of RNFL thickness. Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.1 years (standard deviation, 7.4 years). Black Americans showed the lowest RNFL thickness and smallest cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and Chinese Americans showed the largest CDR and disc area after adjusting for age and gender (all P < 0.05). Per each 10-year older age group, the average RNFL thickness was 2.5 μm (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3.1 μm), 2.8 μm (95% CI, 2.3-3.3 μm), and 3.5 μm (95% CI, 2.9-4.1 μm) thinner for Black, Chinese, and Latino Americans, respectively (age trend P < 0.05 and interaction P = 0.041). Black Americans compared with Chinese Americans, older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, greater axial length (AL), bigger disc area, and lower scan signal strength were associated with thinner average RNFL. Race, age, AL, disc area, and scan signal strength consistently were associated with RNFL thickness in all quadrants, whereas gender, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with RNFL thickness in select quadrants. Age and race explained the greatest proportion of variance of RNFL thickness. Conclusions: Clinically important differences in RNFL thickness are present in healthy adults 50 years of age or older from different racial and ethnic groups of the same age, with the thinnest measures observed in Black Americans. This difference remains after accounting for disc size and AL. Furthermore, age-related RNFL thinning differs by race and ethnicity. Longitudinal studies are needed to verify our findings and to assess the influence of race and ethnicity in the clinical application of RNFL thickness.
MeSH term(s)	African Americans ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Americans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hispanic or Latino ; Humans ; Los Angeles/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers ; Population Surveillance/methods ; Reference Values ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	392083-5
ISSN	1549-4713 ; 0161-6420
ISSN (online)	1549-4713
ISSN	0161-6420
DOI	10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.11.015
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