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Article ; Online: Socio-technical system analysis of responsible data sharing in water systems as critical infrastructure.

Hazell, Peter / Novitzky, Peter / van den Oord, Steven

Frontiers in big data

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 1057155

Abstract: Attention is increasingly focused on the protection of water systems as critical infrastructure, including subsystems of supply, sanitation, hygiene, and management. Similarly increasing consideration is paid to the growing role and impact of data on ... ...

Abstract	Attention is increasingly focused on the protection of water systems as critical infrastructure, including subsystems of supply, sanitation, hygiene, and management. Similarly increasing consideration is paid to the growing role and impact of data on water systems and management. We explore key challenges associated with data-driven water systems as critical infrastructure. First, we describe the status of water infrastructure as a part of national critical infrastructure. Second, as this infrastructure increasingly relies on the constant flow of data from a huge variety, quality, and complexity of sensors, we provide a descriptive framework to map in detail the particular expertise needed across data-driven water management, applied to the UK water infrastructure as our use case. Third, through the framework of Capabilities Approach (CA) we analyze the specific challenges of data-driven water management, and argue that the current predominant narratives in the water infrastructure discourse have difficulties to effectively convey existing and emerging challenges. Fourth, we further demonstrate the widening gap between infrastructure services and consumer goods, arguing for increased convergence of the utilization of consumer data, and developing open data ecosystems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2624-909X
ISSN (online)	2624-909X
DOI	10.3389/fdata.2022.1057155
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A systematic review of ethical challenges and opportunities of addressing domestic violence with AI-technologies and online tools.

Novitzky, Peter / Janssen, Janine / Kokkeler, Ben

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) e17140

Abstract: Domestic violence remains a pressing complex social problem of people of any gender, age, socio-economic status, and ethno-cultural background, an issue that worsened worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital, online, or artificial intelligence- ... ...

Abstract	Domestic violence remains a pressing complex social problem of people of any gender, age, socio-economic status, and ethno-cultural background, an issue that worsened worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital, online, or artificial intelligence-based smart technological services, applications, and tools provide novel approaches in addressing domestic violence, including intimate partner violence. This systematic literature review analyses the ethical challenges and opportunities these (protective) digital and smart technologies provide to the stakeholders involved. Our results highlight that the public health and societal issue are the leading narratives of domestic violence, which is predominantly interpreted as gender-based violence. The review highlights an emerging trend of the role of machine learning- and artificial intelligence-based approaches in identifying and preventing domestic violence. However, we argue that little recommendation is available to professionals about how to use these approaches in a responsible way, and that the smartness of high-tech technologies is often challenged by basic-level technologies from perpetrators, creating an imbalance that also limits an impactful development of a comprehensive socio-technical regime that serves the safety and resilience of families in their communal setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17140
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Article ; Online: Accessibility and inclusiveness of new information and communication technologies for disabled users and content creators in the Metaverse.

Radanliev, Petar / De Roure, David / Novitzky, Peter / Sluganovic, Ivo

Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology

2023 , Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: Purpose: The study critically reassesses existing Metaverse concepts and proposes a novel framework for inclusiveness of physically disabled artists. The purpose is to enable and inspire physically disabled users and content creators to participate in ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The study critically reassesses existing Metaverse concepts and proposes a novel framework for inclusiveness of physically disabled artists. The purpose is to enable and inspire physically disabled users and content creators to participate in the evolving concept of the Metaverse. The article also highlights the need for standards and regulations governing the inclusion of people with disabilities in Metaverse projects. Materials and methods: The study examines current information technologies and their relevance to the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in the Metaverse. We analyse existing Metaverse concepts, exploring emerging information technologies such as Virtual and Augmented Reality, and the Internet of Things. The emerging framework in the article is based on the active involvement of disabled creatives in the development of solutions for inclusivity. Results: The review reveals that despite the proliferation of Blockchain Metaverse projects, the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in the Metaverse remains distant, with limited standards and regulations in place. The article proposes a concept of the Metaverse that leverages emerging technologies, to enable greater engagement of disabled creatives. This approach is designed to enhance inclusiveness in the Metaverse landscape. Conclusions: Active involvement of physically disabled individuals in the design and development of Metaverse platforms is crucial for promoting inclusivity. The framework for accessibility and inclusiveness in decentralised Metaverses provides a basis for the meaningful participation of disabled creatives. The article emphasises the importance of addressing the mechanisms for art production by individuals with disabilities in the emerging Metaverse landscape.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThis article addresses a global challenge related to helping disabled people operate in the modern society, targeting new and emerging technologies, and enabling early understanding of required actions for inclusiveness of people with disabilities in the Metaverse.The increased use of advanced technologies (e.g., AI and IoT) in the Metaverse, amplified the importance of this research being conducted.The aggregate impact from this research for science and society is a more inclusive, and unbiassed Metaverses that are compliant with regulations on anti-disability discrimination. This is followed by the secondary values, related to increased technological opportunities from a breakthrough in designing new, more inclusive, and autonomous devices.The research study presents a new framework for integrating new technologies in existing Metaverses, resulting with a stronger accessibility and inclusiveness of the Metaverse. This creates a new understanding on how new technologies can be used for disability discrimination prevention and early understanding of disability requirements. We also highlighted normative constraints and the need for further reflection and weighing to avoid dystopian futures for the physically disabled in relation to the Metaverse.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2221782-4
ISSN	1748-3115 ; 1748-3107
ISSN (online)	1748-3115
ISSN	1748-3107
DOI	10.1080/17483107.2023.2241882
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Book ; Online: Accessibility and Inclusiveness of New Information and Communication Technologies for Disabled Users and Content Creators in the Metaverse

Radanliev, Petar / De Roure, David / Novitzky, Peter / Sluganovic, Ivo

2023

Abstract: Despite the proliferation of Blockchain Metaverse projects, the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in the Metaverse remains distant, with limited standards and regulations in place. However, the article proposes a concept of the Metaverse that ... ...

Abstract	Despite the proliferation of Blockchain Metaverse projects, the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in the Metaverse remains distant, with limited standards and regulations in place. However, the article proposes a concept of the Metaverse that leverages emerging technologies, such as Virtual and Augmented Reality, and the Internet of Things, to enable greater engagement of disabled creatives. This approach aims to enhance inclusiveness in the Metaverse landscape. Based on the findings, the paper concludes that the active involvement of physically disabled individuals in the design and development of Metaverse platforms is crucial for promoting inclusivity. The proposed framework for accessibility and inclusiveness in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed realities of decentralised Metaverses provides a basis for the meaningful participation of disabled creatives. The article emphasises the importance of addressing the mechanisms for art production by individuals with disabilities in the emerging Metaverse landscape. Additionally, it highlights the need for further research and collaboration to establish standards and regulations that facilitate the inclusion of physically disabled individuals in Metaverse projects.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computers and Society ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Multimedia ; Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Subject code	303
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Societal Readiness Thinking Tool: A Practical Resource for Maturing the Societal Readiness of Research Projects.

Bernstein, Michael J / Nielsen, Mathias Wullum / Alnor, Emil / Brasil, André / Birkving, Astrid Lykke / Chan, Tung Tung / Griessler, Erich / de Jong, Stefan / van de Klippe, Wouter / Meijer, Ingeborg / Yaghmaei, Emad / Nicolaisen, Peter Busch / Nieminen, Mika / Novitzky, Peter / Mejlgaard, Niels

Science and engineering ethics

2022 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the Societal Readiness (SR) Thinking Tool to aid researchers and innovators in developing research projects with greater responsiveness to societal values, needs, and expectations. The need for societally-focused approaches to ...

Abstract	In this paper, we introduce the Societal Readiness (SR) Thinking Tool to aid researchers and innovators in developing research projects with greater responsiveness to societal values, needs, and expectations. The need for societally-focused approaches to research and innovation-complementary to Technology Readiness (TR) frameworks-is presented. Insights from responsible research and innovation (RRI) concepts and practice, organized across critical stages of project-life cycles are discussed with reference to the development of the SR Thinking Tool. The tool is designed to complement not only shortfalls in TR approaches, but also improve upon other efforts to integrate RRI, sustainability, and design thinking in research and innovation cycles. Operationalization and early-stage user tests of the Tool are reported, along with discussion of potential future iterations and applications.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Research Personnel ; Technology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2136491-6
ISSN	1471-5546 ; 1353-3452
ISSN (online)	1471-5546
ISSN	1353-3452
DOI	10.1007/s11948-021-00360-3
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Article ; Online: The Convergence of Virtual Reality and Social Networks: Threats to Privacy and Autonomy.

O'Brolcháin, Fiachra / Jacquemard, Tim / Monaghan, David / O'Connor, Noel / Novitzky, Peter / Gordijn, Bert

Science and engineering ethics

2016 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–29

Abstract: The rapid evolution of information, communication and entertainment technologies will transform the lives of citizens and ultimately transform society. This paper focuses on ethical issues associated with the likely convergence of virtual realities (VR) ... ...

Abstract	The rapid evolution of information, communication and entertainment technologies will transform the lives of citizens and ultimately transform society. This paper focuses on ethical issues associated with the likely convergence of virtual realities (VR) and social networks (SNs), hereafter VRSNs. We examine a scenario in which a significant segment of the world's population has a presence in a VRSN. Given the pace of technological development and the popularity of these new forms of social interaction, this scenario is plausible. However, it brings with it ethical problems. Two central ethical issues are addressed: those of privacy and those of autonomy. VRSNs pose threats to both privacy and autonomy. The threats to privacy can be broadly categorized as threats to informational privacy, threats to physical privacy, and threats to associational privacy. Each of these threats is further subdivided. The threats to autonomy can be broadly categorized as threats to freedom, to knowledge and to authenticity. Again, these three threats are divided into subcategories. Having categorized the main threats posed by VRSNs, a number of recommendations are provided so that policy-makers, developers, and users can make the best possible use of VRSNs.
MeSH term(s)	Confidentiality ; Freedom ; Humans ; Internet/ethics ; Interpersonal Relations ; Personal Autonomy ; Personhood ; Privacy ; Social Networking ; Technology/ethics
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2136491-6
ISSN	1471-5546 ; 1353-3452
ISSN (online)	1471-5546
ISSN	1353-3452
DOI	10.1007/s11948-014-9621-1
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Article ; Online: Improve alignment of research policy and societal values.

Novitzky, Peter / Bernstein, Michael J / Blok, Vincent / Braun, Robert / Chan, Tung Tung / Lamers, Wout / Loeber, Anne / Meijer, Ingeborg / Lindner, Ralf / Griessler, Erich

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2020 Volume 369, Issue 6499, Page(s) 39–41

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abb3415
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Zs.A 27: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: The Societal Readiness Thinking Tool

Bernstein, Michael J. / Nielsen, Mathias Wullum / Alnor, Emil / Brasil, André / Birkving, Astrid Lykke / Chan, Tung Tung / Griessler, Erich / de Jong, Stefan / van de Klippe, Wouter / Meijer, Ingeborg / Yaghmaei, Emad / Nicolaisen, Peter Busch / Nieminen, Mika / Novitzky, Peter / Mejlgaard, Niels

Science and Engineering Ethics

A Practical Resource for Maturing the Societal Readiness of Research Projects

2022 Volume 28, Issue 1

Abstract	In this paper, we introduce the Societal Readiness (SR) Thinking Tool to aid researchers and innovators in developing research projects with greater responsiveness to societal values, needs, and expectations. The need for societally-focused approaches to research and innovation—complementary to Technology Readiness (TR) frameworks—is presented. Insights from responsible research and innovation (RRI) concepts and practice, organized across critical stages of project-life cycles are discussed with reference to the development of the SR Thinking Tool. The tool is designed to complement not only shortfalls in TR approaches, but also improve upon other efforts to integrate RRI, sustainability, and design thinking in research and innovation cycles. Operationalization and early-stage user tests of the Tool are reported, along with discussion of potential future iterations and applications.
Keywords	Innovation ; RRI ; Research management ; Responsible research and innovation ; Societal Readiness ; TRL ; Technology Readiness Levels ; Thinking Tool
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2136491-6
ISSN	1471-5546 ; 1353-3452
ISSN (online)	1471-5546
ISSN	1353-3452
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Article ; Online: Challenges and opportunities of lifelog technologies: a literature review and critical analysis.

Jacquemard, Tim / Novitzky, Peter / O'Brolcháin, Fiachra / Smeaton, Alan F / Gordijn, Bert

Science and engineering ethics

2013 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 379–409

Abstract: In a lifelog, data from various sources are combined to form a record from which one can retrieve information about oneself and the environment in which one is situated. It could be considered similar to an automated biography. Lifelog technology is ... ...

Abstract	In a lifelog, data from various sources are combined to form a record from which one can retrieve information about oneself and the environment in which one is situated. It could be considered similar to an automated biography. Lifelog technology is still at an early stage of development. However, the history of lifelogs so far shows a clear academic, corporate and governmental interest. Therefore, a thorough inquiry into the ethical aspects of lifelogs could prove beneficial to the responsible development of this field. This article maps the main ethically relevant challenges and opportunities associated with the further development of lifelog technologies as discussed in the scholarly literature. By identifying challenges and opportunities in the current debate, we were able to identify other challenges and opportunities left unmentioned. Some of these challenges are partly explained by a blind spot in the current debate. Whilst the current debate focuses mainly on lifelogs held by individuals, lifelogs held by governmental institutions and corporations pose idiosyncratic ethical concerns as well. We have provided a brief taxonomy of lifelog technology to show the variety in uses for lifelogs. In addition, we provided a general approach to alleviate the ethical challenges identified in the critical analysis.
MeSH term(s)	Automation ; Biographies as Topic ; Data Collection/ethics ; Databases, Factual/ethics ; Government ; Humans ; Industry ; Technology/ethics
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2136491-6
ISSN	1471-5546 ; 1353-3452
ISSN (online)	1471-5546
ISSN	1353-3452
DOI	10.1007/s11948-013-9456-1
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Article ; Online: Improve alignment of research policy and societal values

Novitzky, Peter / Bernstein, Michael J. / Blok, Vincent / Braun, Robert / Chan, Tung Tung / Lamers, Wout / Loeber, Anne / Meijer, Ingeborg / Lindner, Ralf / Griessler, Erich

Science

2020 Volume 369, Issue 6499

Abstract: Historically, scientific and engineering expertise has been key in shaping research and innovation (R&I) policies, with benefits presumed to accrue to society more broadly over time (1). But there is persistent and growing concern about whether and how ... ...

Abstract	Historically, scientific and engineering expertise has been key in shaping research and innovation (R&I) policies, with benefits presumed to accrue to society more broadly over time (1). But there is persistent and growing concern about whether and how ethical and societal values are integrated into R&I policies and governance, as we confront public disbelief in science and political suspicion toward evidence-based policy-making (2). Erosion of such a social contract with science limits the ability of democratic societies to deal with challenges presented by new, disruptive technologies, such as synthetic biology, nanotechnology, genetic engineering, automation and robotics, and artificial intelligence. Many policy efforts have emerged in response to such concerns, one prominent example being Europe's Eighth Framework Programme, Horizon 2020 (H2020), whose focus on “Responsible Research and Innovation” (RRI) provides a case study for the translation of such normative perspectives into concrete policy action and implementation. Our analysis of this H2020 RRI approach suggests a lack of consistent integration of elements such as ethics, open access, open innovation, and public engagement. On the basis of our evaluation, we suggest possible pathways for strengthening efforts to deliver R&I policies that deepen mutually beneficial science and society relationships.
Keywords	Life Science
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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