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Article ; Online: Hierarchy of multiple viral CD8

Ntim, Nana Afia Asante / Ishii, Hiroshi / Jomori, Moe / Yamamoto, Hiroyuki / Matano, Tetsuro / Nomura, Takushi

Biochemical and biophysical research communications

2022 Volume 607, Page(s) 124–130

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	CD8
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; HIV Infections ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes ; Macaca mulatta ; Mutation ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
Chemical Substances	Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	205723-2
ISSN	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
ISSN (online)	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
ISSN	0006-291X
DOI	10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.108
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Article ; Online: First Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage and Wastewater in Ghana.

Duker, Ewurabena Oduma / Obodai, Evangeline / Addo, Seth Offei / Kwasah, Lorreta / Mensah, Edna Serwah / Gberbi, Emmanuel / Anane, Abraham / Attiku, Keren O / Boakye, Jessica / Agbotse, Gayheart Deladem / Dickson, Angelina Evelyn / Quarcoo, Joseph Ahia / Darko, Patience Akosua / Larbi, Yaw Awuku / Ntim, Nana Afia Asante / Dzudzor, Bartholomew / Odoom, John Kofi

BioMed research international

2024 Volume 2024, Page(s) 9975781

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is shed in the stool of infected individuals and can be detected in sewage and wastewater contaminated with infected stool. This study is aimed at detecting the virus and its potential survival ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is shed in the stool of infected individuals and can be detected in sewage and wastewater contaminated with infected stool. This study is aimed at detecting the virus and its potential survival in sewage and wastewater in Ghana. The cross-sectional study included samples from 16 validated environmental surveillance sites in 7 regions of Ghana. A total of 354 samples composed of wastewater (280) and sewage (74) were collected from November 2020 to November 2022. Overall, 17% of the samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time PCR, with 6% in sewage and 11% in wastewater. The highest number of positive samples was collected from the Greater Accra Region (7.3%) with the least recorded in the Bono East Region (0.6%). Further characterization of the positive samples using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach yielded two variants: Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (AY.36). Attempts to isolate SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero cell line were not successful probably due to the low viral load concentrations (Ct values > 35) or prolonged exposure to high temperatures rendering the virus noninfectious. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage and wastewater may not be infectious, but the prevalence shows that the virus persists in the communities within Ghana.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sewage ; Wastewater ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Sewage ; Wastewater ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2024/9975781
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Article: High-level resistance to non-nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor based first-line antiretroviral therapy in Ghana; A 2017 study.

Parbie, Prince Kofi / Abana, Christopher Zaab-Yen / Kushitor, Dennis / Asigbee, Theodore Worlanyo / Ntim, Nana Afia Asante / Addo-Tetebo, Gifty / Ansong, Maclean Richard Darko / Ofori, Sampson Badu / Mizutani, Taketoshi / Runtuwene, Lucky Ronald / Nishizawa, Masako / Ishikawa, Koichi / Kiyono, Hiroshi / Ampofo, William Kwabena / Matano, Tetsuro / Bonney, Evelyn Yayra / Kikuchi, Tadashi

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 973771

Abstract: Expanding access to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major tool for management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. However, rising levels of HIV drug-resistance have significantly hampered the anticipated success of ART in persons ...

Abstract	Expanding access to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major tool for management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. However, rising levels of HIV drug-resistance have significantly hampered the anticipated success of ART in persons living with HIV (PLWH), particularly those from Africa. Though great strides have been made in Ghana toward achieving the UNAIDS "95-95-95" target, a substantial number of PLWH receiving ART have not attained viral suppression. This study investigated patterns of drug resistance mutations in ART naïve as well as ART-experienced PLWH receiving first-line regimen drugs from Ghana. In a cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from HIV-1 infected adults (≥18 years) attending HIV/AIDS clinic at the Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana from September to October 2017. Viral RNA isolated from plasma were subjected to genotypic drug resistance testing for Protease Inhibitors (PI), Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTI), and Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTI). A total of 95 (84 ART experienced, 11 ART naïve) HIV-1 infected participants were sampled in this study. Sixty percent (50/84) of the ART-experienced participants were controlling viremia (viral load < 1,000 copies/ml). Of the 95 patient samples, 32, 34, and 33 were successfully sequenced for protease, reverse-transcriptase, and integrase regions, respectively. The dominant HIV-1 subtypes detected were CRF02_AG (70%), and A3 (10%). Major drug resistance associated mutations were only detected for reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The predominant drug resistance mutations were against nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)-M184V/I and non-nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-K103N. In the ART-experienced group, M184V/I and K103N were detected in 54% (15/28) and 46% (13/28) of individuals, respectively. Both mutations were each detected in 33% (2/6) of ART naïve individuals. Multiclass resistance to NRTI and NNRTI was detected in 57% of ART-experienced individuals and two ART naïve individuals. This study reports high-level resistance to NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy in PLWH in Ghana. However, the absence of major PI and INSTI associated-mutations is a good signal that the current WHO recommendation of Dolutegravir in combination with an NRTI backbone will yield maximum benefits as first-line regimen for PLWH in Ghana.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2022.973771
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Article ; Online: Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana.

Martin-Odoom, Alexander / Brown, Charles Addoquaye / Odoom, John Kofi / Bonney, Evelyn Yayra / Ntim, Nana Afia Asante / Delgado, Elena / Lartey, Margaret / Sagoe, Kwamena William / Adiku, Theophilus / Ampofo, William Kwabena

Virology journal

2018 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 143

Abstract: Background: Antiretrovirals have been available in Ghana since 2003 for HIV-1 positive pregnant women for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Suboptimal responses to treatment observed post-PMTCT interventions necessitated the need to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Antiretrovirals have been available in Ghana since 2003 for HIV-1 positive pregnant women for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Suboptimal responses to treatment observed post-PMTCT interventions necessitated the need to investigate the profile of viral mutations generated. This study investigated HIV-1 drug resistance profiles in mothers in selected centres in Ghana on treatment with a history of prophylaxis. Methods: Genotypic Drug Resistance Testing for HIV-1 was carried out. Subtyping was done by phylogenetic analysis and Stanford HIV Database programme was used for drug resistance analysis and interpretation. To compare the significance between the different groups and the emergence of drug resistance mutations, p values were used. Results: Participants who had prophylaxis before treatment, those who had treatment without prophylaxis and those yet to initiate PMTCT showed 32% (8), 5% (3) and 15% (4) HIV-1 drug resistance associated mutations respectively. The differences were significant with p value < 0.05. Resistance Associated Mutations (RAMs) were seen in 14 participants (35%) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). The most common NRTI mutation found was M184 V; K103 N and A98G were the most common NNRTI mutations seen. Thymidine Analogue Mutations (TAMs) such as M41 L, K70R and T215Y were found in all the groups; the most common of the TAMs found were M41 L and T215Y. Majority of the subtypes were CRF02_AG (82%). Conclusion: In Ghana initiation of uninterrupted treatment upon diagnosis, coupled with drug resistance testing, would produce a better treatment outcome for HIV-1 positive pregnant women.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Chemoprevention/utilization ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Genotype ; Ghana ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/classification ; HIV-1/drug effects ; HIV-1/genetics ; HIV-1/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Mothers ; Mutation, Missense ; Phylogeny ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1743-422X
ISSN (online)	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/s12985-018-1051-2
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Article: Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana

Virology journal. 2018 Dec., v. 15, no. 1

2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiretrovirals have been available in Ghana since 2003 for HIV-1 positive pregnant women for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Suboptimal responses to treatment observed post-PMTCT interventions necessitated the need to ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Antiretrovirals have been available in Ghana since 2003 for HIV-1 positive pregnant women for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Suboptimal responses to treatment observed post-PMTCT interventions necessitated the need to investigate the profile of viral mutations generated. This study investigated HIV-1 drug resistance profiles in mothers in selected centres in Ghana on treatment with a history of prophylaxis. METHODS: Genotypic Drug Resistance Testing for HIV-1 was carried out. Subtyping was done by phylogenetic analysis and Stanford HIV Database programme was used for drug resistance analysis and interpretation. To compare the significance between the different groups and the emergence of drug resistance mutations, p values were used. RESULTS: Participants who had prophylaxis before treatment, those who had treatment without prophylaxis and those yet to initiate PMTCT showed 32% (8), 5% (3) and 15% (4) HIV-1 drug resistance associated mutations respectively. The differences were significant with p value < 0.05. Resistance Associated Mutations (RAMs) were seen in 14 participants (35%) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). The most common NRTI mutation found was M184 V; K103 N and A98G were the most common NNRTI mutations seen. Thymidine Analogue Mutations (TAMs) such as M41 L, K70R and T215Y were found in all the groups; the most common of the TAMs found were M41 L and T215Y. Majority of the subtypes were CRF02_AG (82%). CONCLUSION: In Ghana initiation of uninterrupted treatment upon diagnosis, coupled with drug resistance testing, would produce a better treatment outcome for HIV-1 positive pregnant women.
Keywords	Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; RNA-directed DNA polymerase ; antiretroviral agents ; databases ; disease control ; drug resistance ; enzyme inhibitors ; mothers ; mutation ; phylogeny ; pregnant women ; thymidine ; Ghana
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 143.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ISSN	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/s12985-018-1051-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Strengthening laboratory surveillance of viral pathogens: Experiences and lessons learned building next-generation sequencing capacity in Ghana.

Marine, Rachel L / Ntim, Nana Afia Asante / Castro, Christina J / Attiku, Keren O / Pratt, Deborah / Duker, Ewurabena / Agbosu, Esinam / Ng, Terry Fei Fan / Gatei, Wangeci / Obodai, Evangeline / Odoom, John Kofi / Walker, Chastity L / Rota, Paul A / Oberste, M Steven / Ampofo, William Kwabena / Balajee, S Arunmozhi

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2019 Volume 81, Page(s) 231–234

Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) in medium-resource reference laboratories in Africa to enhance global disease surveillance.: Methods: A training program was developed to support implementation of ...

Abstract	Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) in medium-resource reference laboratories in Africa to enhance global disease surveillance. Methods: A training program was developed to support implementation of NGS at Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana. The program was divided into two training stages, first at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, GA, followed by on-site training at NMIMR for a larger cohort of scientists. Results: Self-assessment scores for topics covered during the NGS training program were higher post-training relative to pre-training. During the NGS Training II session at NMIMR, six enterovirus isolates from acute flaccid paralysis cases in Ghana were successfully sequenced by trainees, including two echovirus 6, two echovirus 11 and one echovirus 13. Another genome was an uncommon type (EV-B84), which has not been reported in Africa since its initial discovery from a Côte d'Ivoire specimen in 2003. Conclusions: The success at NMIMR provides an example of how to approach transferring of NGS methods to international laboratories. There is great opportunity for collaboration between institutes that have genomics expertise to ensure effectiveness and long-term success of global NGS capacity building programs.
MeSH term(s)	Capacity Building ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Enterovirus/classification ; Enterovirus/genetics ; Enterovirus/isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections/virology ; Ghana ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Laboratories/organization & administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-15
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2019.02.008
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of AFP surveillance indicators in polio-free Ghana, 2009-2013.

Odoom, John Kofi / Ntim, Nana Afia Asante / Sarkodie, Badu / Addo, James / Minta-Asare, Keren / Obodai, Evangeline / Eshun, Miriam / Ahove, Vincent V / Diamenu, Stanley / Adjabeng, Michael / Arthur-Quarm, Jacob / Barnor, Jacob S

BMC public health

2014 Volume 14, Page(s) 687

Abstract: Background: Ghana recorded the last case of indigenous wild poliovirus in 1999 but suffered two more outbreaks in 2003 and 2008. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, transmission was interrupted through high routine immunisation ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ghana recorded the last case of indigenous wild poliovirus in 1999 but suffered two more outbreaks in 2003 and 2008. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, transmission was interrupted through high routine immunisation coverage with live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), effective acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and supplementary immunisation activities (SIA). This article describes the results of a five-year surveillance of AFP in polio-free Ghana, evaluate the surveillance indicators and identify areas that need improvement. Methods: We investigated 1345 cases of AFP from children aged less than 15 years reported to the Disease Surveillance Department from January 2009 to December 2013. Data on demographic characteristics, vaccination history, clinical presentation and virological investigation on stool specimens collected during investigation were analysed. Results: Of the specimens analysed, 56% were from males and 76.3% were from children less than 5 years of age. Twenty-four percent of the children received up to 3 doses of OPV, 57% received at least 4 doses while the status of 19% was unknown. Core AFP surveillance indicators were partly met for non-polio AFP rate while the WHO target for stool adequacy and timeliness was exceeded over the period of study. All the cases were classified virologically, however no wild polio was found. Sixty-day follow-up was conducted for 56.3% of cases and 8.6% cases classified as compactible with polio. Conclusion: Both laboratory and epidemiological surveillance for AFP were efficient and many WHO targets were met. However, due to the risk of poliovirus importation prior to global eradication, longterm surveillance is required to provide a high degree of confidence in prevention of poliovirus infection in Ghana. Thus, efforts should be made to strengthen regional performance and to follow-up on all AFP cases in order to establish proper diagnoses for the causes of the AFP leading to proper care.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Paraplegia/epidemiology ; Poliomyelitis/diagnosis ; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/administration & dosage ; Population Surveillance ; World Health Organization
Chemical Substances	Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/1471-2458-14-687
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Book ; Online: Evaluation of AFP surveillance indicators in polio-free Ghana, 2009-2013

Addo, James / Arthur-Quarm, Jacob / Barnor, Jacob S / Ahove, Vincent V / Eshun, Miriam / Minta-Asare, Keren / Sarkodie, Badu / Ntim, Nana Afia Asante / Obodai, Evangeline / Odoom, John Kofi / Adjabeng, Michael / Diamenu, Stanley

2014

Abstract: Evaluation Studies ... Journal Article ... BACKGROUND: Ghana recorded the last case of indigenous wild poliovirus in 1999 but suffered two more outbreaks in 2003 and 2008. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, transmission was interrupted ...

Abstract	Evaluation Studies Journal Article BACKGROUND: Ghana recorded the last case of indigenous wild poliovirus in 1999 but suffered two more outbreaks in 2003 and 2008. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, transmission was interrupted through high routine immunisation coverage with live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), effective acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and supplementary immunisation activities (SIA). This article describes the results of a five-year surveillance of AFP in polio-free Ghana, evaluate the surveillance indicators and identify areas that need improvement. METHODS: We investigated 1345 cases of AFP from children aged less than 15 years reported to the Disease Surveillance Department from January 2009 to December 2013. Data on demographic characteristics, vaccination history, clinical presentation and virological investigation on stool specimens collected during investigation were analysed. RESULTS: Of the specimens analysed, 56% were from males and 76.3% were from children less than 5 years of age. Twenty-four percent of the children received up to 3 doses of OPV, 57% received at least 4 doses while the status of 19% was unknown. Core AFP surveillance indicators were partly met for non-polio AFP rate while the WHO target for stool adequacy and timeliness was exceeded over the period of study. All the cases were classified virologically, however no wild polio was found. Sixty-day follow-up was conducted for 56.3% of cases and 8.6% cases classified as compactible with polio. CONCLUSION: Both laboratory and epidemiological surveillance for AFP were efficient and many WHO targets were met. However, due to the risk of poliovirus importation prior to global eradication, longterm surveillance is required to provide a high degree of confidence in prevention of poliovirus infection in Ghana. Thus, efforts should be made to strengthen regional performance and to follow-up on all AFP cases in order to establish proper diagnoses for the causes of the AFP leading to proper care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07-05
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hierarchy of multiple viral CD8

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Article ; Online: First Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage and Wastewater in Ghana.

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Article: High-level resistance to non-nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor based first-line antiretroviral therapy in Ghana; A 2017 study.

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Article ; Online: Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana.

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Article: Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana

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Article ; Online: Strengthening laboratory surveillance of viral pathogens: Experiences and lessons learned building next-generation sequencing capacity in Ghana.

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of AFP surveillance indicators in polio-free Ghana, 2009-2013.

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Book ; Online: Evaluation of AFP surveillance indicators in polio-free Ghana, 2009-2013

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