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  1. Article ; Online: Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia caused by S treptococcus pneumoniae in older adults: a narrative review.

    Elias, Christelle / Nunes, Marta C / Saadatian-Elahi, Mitra

    Current opinion in infectious diseases

    2024  Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–153

    Abstract: Purpose of review: This review covers updated perspectives on different aspects of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP), including the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, antibiotic treatment, and existing preventive ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: This review covers updated perspectives on different aspects of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP), including the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, antibiotic treatment, and existing preventive strategies in older adults.
    Recent findings: pCAP remains the most prevalent condition among lower respiratory tract infections in the older adults according to Global Burden of Diseases 2019. Older adults can display atypical symptoms such as confusion, general clinical deterioration, new onset of and exacerbation of underlying illness that might trigger clinical suspicion of pCAP. Older adults with pCAP often experience increased disease severity and a higher risk of pulmonary complications compared with younger individuals, owing to age-related changes in immunity and a higher prevalence of comorbidities. Vaccination stands fundamental for prevention, emphasizing the need for effective immunization strategies, specifically tailored for older adults. There is a pressing need to reinforce efforts aimed at boosting pneumococcal vaccination rates.
    Summary: Despite a high morbidity and mortality, the burden of pCAP, in particular hospital admission and occurrence of invasive infections, among the elderly population is not sufficiently documented. This review findings emphasize the substantial burden of pCAP in this vulnerable population, driven by factors such as advancing age and underlying comorbidities. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains further complicates treatment decisions and highlights the importance of tailored approaches for managing pCAP in older adults.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Comorbidity ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Pneumococcal Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645085-4
    ISSN 1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
    ISSN (online) 1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
    ISSN 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
    DOI 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 2462: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy.

    Nunes, Marta C / Madhi, Shabir A

    Trends in molecular medicine

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 8, Page(s) 662–680

    Abstract: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been associated with severe illness in pregnant women. Furthermore, COVID-19 during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes including preterm labor. Pregnant women were largely excluded from ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been associated with severe illness in pregnant women. Furthermore, COVID-19 during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes including preterm labor. Pregnant women were largely excluded from initial clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines; however, they have since been included as part of the routine roll-out of these vaccines. This narrative review synthesizes the evidence on the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness predominantly of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines which have been most widely used in pregnant women.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2036490-8
    ISSN 1471-499X ; 1471-4914
    ISSN (online) 1471-499X
    ISSN 1471-4914
    DOI 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.012
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  3. Article ; Online: Further Cautions When Modeling the Public Health Impact of Infectious Diseases.

    Vanhems, Philippe / Nunes, Marta C

    American journal of public health

    2022  Volume 112, Issue 11, Page(s) e1–e2

    MeSH term(s) Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Humans ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 121100-6
    ISSN 1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
    ISSN (online) 1541-0048
    ISSN 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
    DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2022.307086
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  4. Article ; Online: Assessing New York City's COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout Strategy: A Case for Risk-Informed Distribution.

    Schwalbe, Nina / Nunes, Marta C / Cutland, Clare / Wahl, Brian / Reidpath, Daniel

    Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

    2024  

    Abstract: This study reviews the impact of eligibility policies in the early rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine on coverage and probable outcomes, with a focus on New York City. We conducted a retrospective ecological study assessing age  65+, area-level income, ... ...

    Abstract This study reviews the impact of eligibility policies in the early rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine on coverage and probable outcomes, with a focus on New York City. We conducted a retrospective ecological study assessing age  65+, area-level income, vaccination coverage, and COVID-19 mortality rates, using linked Census Bureau data and New York City Health administrative data aggregated at the level of modified zip code tabulation areas (MODZCTA). The population for this study was all individuals in 177 MODZCTA in New York City. Population data were obtained from Census Bureau and New York City Health administrative data. The total mortality rate was examined through an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model, using area-level wealth, the proportion of the population aged 65 and above, and the vaccination rate among this age group as predictors. Low-income areas with high proportions of older people demonstrated lower coverage rates (mean vaccination rate 52.8%; maximum coverage 67.9%) than wealthier areas (mean vaccination rate 74.6%; maximum coverage 99% in the wealthiest quintile) in the first 3 months of vaccine rollout and higher mortality over the year. Despite vaccine shortages, many younger people accessed vaccines ahead of schedule, particularly in high-income areas (mean coverage rate 60% among those 45-64 years in the wealthiest quintile). A vaccine program that prioritized those at greatest risk of COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality would have prevented more deaths than the strategy that was implemented. When rolling out a new vaccine, policymakers must account for local contexts and conditions of high-risk population groups. If New York had focused limited vaccine supply on low-income areas with high proportions of residents 65 or older, overall mortality might have been lower.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1435288-6
    ISSN 1468-2869 ; 1099-3460
    ISSN (online) 1468-2869
    ISSN 1099-3460
    DOI 10.1007/s11524-024-00853-z
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  5. Article ; Online: RSV lower respiratory tract infection and lung health in the first 2 years of life.

    Verwey, Charl / Nunes, Marta C

    The Lancet. Global health

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 10, Page(s) e1247–e1248

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2723488-5
    ISSN 2214-109X ; 2214-109X
    ISSN (online) 2214-109X
    ISSN 2214-109X
    DOI 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30303-X
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  6. Article ; Online: Optimization of a high-throughput nanofluidic real-time PCR to detect and quantify of 15 bacterial species and 92 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes.

    Downs, Sarah L / Madhi, Shabir A / van der Merwe, Lara / Nunes, Marta C / Olwagen, Courtney P

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 4588

    Abstract: Sensitive tools for detecting concurrent colonizing pneumococcal serotypes are needed for detailed evaluation of the direct and indirect impact of routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) immunization. A high-throughput quantitative nanofluidic real- ... ...

    Abstract Sensitive tools for detecting concurrent colonizing pneumococcal serotypes are needed for detailed evaluation of the direct and indirect impact of routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) immunization. A high-throughput quantitative nanofluidic real-time PCR (Standard BioTools 'Fluidigm') reaction-set was developed to detect and quantify 92 pneumococcal serotypes in archived clinical samples. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected in 2009-2011 from South African children ≤ 5 years-old, previously serotyped with standard culture-based methods were used for comparison. The reaction-set within the 'Fluidigm' effectively amplified all targets with high efficiency (90-110%), reproducibility (R
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Pneumococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Serogroup ; Reproducibility of Results ; Serotyping/methods ; Nasopharynx/microbiology ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate ; Carrier State/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-31820-4
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  7. Article ; Online: Use of financial incentives to increase adult vaccination coverage: A narrative review of lessons learned from COVID-19 and other adult vaccination efforts.

    Schwalbe, Nina / Hanbali, Layth / Nunes, Marta C / Lehtimaki, Susanna

    Vaccine: X

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 100225

    Abstract: To encourage COVID-19 vaccination, governments have offered a wide range of incentives to their populations ranging from cash to cows. Often these programs were rolled out at scale before assessing potential effectiveness. To inform future policy, we ... ...

    Abstract To encourage COVID-19 vaccination, governments have offered a wide range of incentives to their populations ranging from cash to cows. Often these programs were rolled out at scale before assessing potential effectiveness. To inform future policy, we conducted a narrative review to understand the evidence base informing these programs and the extent to which they are effective. While we found evidence on cash transfers increasing both the coverage and intention to be vaccinated for COVID-19 and other adult vaccines, improvements in coverage were limited. With mixed evidence, lottery programs did not appear to have a consistent meaningful impact on vaccination for COVID-19, and no evidence was identified on the positive effects of other non-cash incentives for COVID-19 or other adult vaccines. We conclude that the impact of cash transfers in incentivizing adult vaccination is marginal and their effectiveness in addressing vaccine hesitancy remains inconclusive.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2590-1362
    ISSN (online) 2590-1362
    DOI 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100225
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  8. Article: Effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on reducing the risk of respiratory disease associated with coronavirus infection.

    Dunne, Eileen M / Nunes, Marta C / Slack, Mary P E / Theilacker, Christian / Gessner, Bradford D

    Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.)

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 10

    Abstract: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) provide protection against vaccine-type pneumococcal disease in both children and adults. Growing evidence suggests that PCVs also reduce pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) more broadly, ... ...

    Abstract Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) provide protection against vaccine-type pneumococcal disease in both children and adults. Growing evidence suggests that PCVs also reduce pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) more broadly, including protecting against viral-associated respiratory diseases. In this short narrative review, we highlight clinical studies investigating whether PCVs might have a role in reducing coronavirus disease, both those caused by endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These studies include two randomized controlled trials assessing HCoV-associated pneumonia, one each in children and older adults, and two observational studies of PCV13 effectiveness against HCoV-associated LRTI and COVID-19 in adults. We discuss possible mechanisms for PCV protection including preventing viral pneumococcal co-infections and the possibility that pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract might modify the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, we identify knowledge gaps and further questions on the potential role of PCVs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2803296-2
    ISSN 2200-6133
    ISSN 2200-6133
    DOI 10.1186/s41479-023-00112-w
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  9. Article ; Online: Vaccinating Mothers to Protect Their Babies Against Influenza.

    Cohen, Cheryl / Nunes, Marta C

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2019  Volume 221, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–7

    MeSH term(s) England ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Seasons ; Vaccination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiz387
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  10. Article ; Online: Changing epidemiology of COVID-19: potential future impact on vaccines and vaccination strategies.

    Ulrichs, Timo / Rolland, Morgane / Wu, Jianhong / Nunes, Marta C / El Guerche-Séblain, Clotilde / Chit, Ayman

    Expert review of vaccines

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 was an unprecedented challenge worldwide; however, disease epidemiology has evolved, and COVID-19 no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. Nonetheless, COVID-19 remains a global threat and ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 was an unprecedented challenge worldwide; however, disease epidemiology has evolved, and COVID-19 no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. Nonetheless, COVID-19 remains a global threat and uncertainties remain, including definition of the end of the pandemic and transition to endemicity, and understanding true rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection/transmission.
    Areas covered: Six international experts convened (April 2023) to interpret changing COVID-19 epidemiology and public health challenges. We report the panel's recommendations and knowledge gaps in COVID-19 epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2 evolution, and future vaccination strategies, informed by peer-reviewed publications, surveillance data, health authority assessments, and clinical experience.
    Expert opinion: High population SARS-CoV-2 immunity indicates the likely end to the pandemic's acute phase. Continued emergence of variants/sublineages that can evade the vaccine-induced antibody response are likely, but widespread immunity reduces the risk of disease severity.Continued surveillance is required to capture transition to endemicity, seasonality, and emergence of novel variants/sublineages, to inform future vaccination strategies. COVID-19 vaccination should be integrated into routine vaccination programs throughout life.Co-circulation with other respiratory viruses should be monitored to avoid a combined peak, which could overrun healthcare systems. Effective, combined vaccines and improved education may help overcome vaccine hesitancy/booster fatigue and increase vaccination uptake.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2181284-6
    ISSN 1744-8395 ; 1476-0584
    ISSN (online) 1744-8395
    ISSN 1476-0584
    DOI 10.1080/14760584.2024.2346589
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