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Article ; Online: Scoping review of smoking cessation interventions in pregnant women attending primary care.

Connolly, Niamh / Kelly, Dervla / O'Donnell, Patrick / Hyde, Sarah

BJGP open

2024

Abstract: Background: Smoking during pregnancy has many adverse effects for infant and mother. Despite this, many pregnant women continue smoking. Primary care is a suitable area to provide smoking cessation interventions.: Aim: To investigate available ... ...

Abstract	Background: Smoking during pregnancy has many adverse effects for infant and mother. Despite this, many pregnant women continue smoking. Primary care is a suitable area to provide smoking cessation interventions. Aim: To investigate available literature regarding effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women in primary care, the factors contributing to this effectiveness and to provide suggestions for future research. Design & setting: Systematic scoping literature review. Method: The methodology followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews. Five electronic databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included original research studies and studies published in English. Data were extracted using a modified Johanna Briggs Institute data charting tool. Results: The initial search yielded 878 articles. Following article screening, twelve studies were included. Five studies found a statistically significant increase in smoking cessation rates or reduction in tobacco consumed in the intervention group. The remaining studies showed no significant difference between the groups. However, ten studies showed the control group received usual antenatal care involving smoking cessation promotion. An increase in smoking cessation rates was seen in intervention and control groups, demonstrating the effectiveness of these interventions. Interventions included education, counselling, self-help and financial incentives. They were delivered by general practitioners, midwives, counsellors and pregnancy advisors. Conclusion: Primary care is suitable to offer smoking cessation interventions to pregnant women, as it is often the first point of care and more easily accessible than secondary care. Future research is needed to determine the most effective types of interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-3795
ISSN (online)	2398-3795
DOI	10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0185
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: An evaluation of the social deprivation practice grant in Irish general practice.

O Shea, Muireann / Kiely, Bridget / O'Donnell, Patrick / Smith, Susan M

BJGP open

2024

Abstract: Background: The Inverse Care Law states that availability of good medical care varies inversely with the need for it in the population served. In 2019 the main medical union and the Department of Health in Ireland, agreed on funding a Social Deprivation ...

Abstract	Background: The Inverse Care Law states that availability of good medical care varies inversely with the need for it in the population served. In 2019 the main medical union and the Department of Health in Ireland, agreed on funding a Social Deprivation Practice grant for GP practices in urban deprived areas. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the implementation and impact of the Social Deprivation Practice Grant in participating General Practices. Design & setting: A mixed methods study with sequential design based in Irish General Practice. Method: Data were collected using a questionnaire and online semi-structured interviews with GPs and practice staff. Data were analysed separately, and the findings compared to examine the extent to which they converged or diverged. Results: There were 25 survey responses and nine interviews. All practices reported the grant was beneficial and most practices utilised the grant to fund additional doctor hours (17/25). Both surveys and interviews indicated that a small amount of additional funding allowed additional clinical need in areas of deprivation to be addressed but there were some barriers identified in accessing the grant and implementing planned expenditure. Conclusion: Delivery of healthcare in areas of socioeconomic deprivation presents significant challenges. While there were some problems with implementation, the introduction of a small, targeted grant for GP practices in areas of social deprivation allowed those practices to enhance their services with tailored initiatives seeking to meet the needs of their patient populations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-3795
ISSN (online)	2398-3795
DOI	10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0195
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Article ; Online: Perceptions of and preparedness for cross-cultural care: a survey of final-year medical students in Ireland.

O'Brien, Lesley / Wassall, Nicola / Cadoret, Danielle / Petrović, Aleksandra / O'Donnell, Patrick / Neville, Siobhán

BMC medical education

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 472

Abstract: Background: Migration is increasing globally, and societies are becoming more diverse and multi-ethnic. Medical school curricula should prepare students to provide high-quality care to all individuals in the communities they serve. Previous research ... ...

Abstract	Background: Migration is increasing globally, and societies are becoming more diverse and multi-ethnic. Medical school curricula should prepare students to provide high-quality care to all individuals in the communities they serve. Previous research from North America and Asia has assessed the effectiveness of medical cultural competency training, and student preparedness for delivery of cross-cultural care. However, student preparedness has not been explored in the European context. The aim of this study was to investigate how prepared final-year medical students in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) feel to provide care to patients from other countries, cultures, and ethnicities. In addition, this study aims to explore students' experiences and perceptions of cross-cultural care. Methods: Final-year medical students attending all six medical schools within the ROI were invited to participate in this study. A modified version of the Harvard Cross-Cultural Care Survey (CCCS) was used to assess their preparedness, skill, training/education, and attitudes. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0, and Fisher's Exact Test was employed to compare differences within self-identified ethnicity groups and gender. Results: Whilst most respondents felt prepared to care for patients in general (80.5%), many felt unprepared to care for specific ethnic patient cohorts, including patients from a minority ethnic background (50.7%) and the Irish Traveller Community (46.8%). Only 20.8% of final-year students felt they had received training in cross-cultural care during their time in medical school. Most respondents agreed that they should be assessed specifically on skills in cultural competence whilst in medical school (83.2%). Conclusions: A large proportion of final-year medical students surveyed in Ireland feel inadequately prepared to care for ethnically diverse patients. Similarly, they report feeling unskilled in core areas of cross-cultural care, and a majority agree that they should be assessed on aspects of cultural competency. This study explores shortcomings in cultural competency training and confidence amongst Irish medical students. These findings have implications for future research and curricular change, with opportunities for the development of relevant educational initiatives in Irish medical schools.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ireland ; Students, Medical/psychology ; Male ; Female ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Cultural Competency/education ; Adult ; Culturally Competent Care ; Young Adult ; Curriculum ; Ethnicity ; Clinical Competence
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2044473-4
ISSN	1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
ISSN (online)	1472-6920
ISSN	1472-6920
DOI	10.1186/s12909-024-05392-4
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Article ; Online: Superficial erosions in a pediatric patient.

McMullan, Patrick / Gochnauer, Heather / Brown-Joel, Zoe / O'Donnell, Patrick / Belazarian, Leah

Pediatric dermatology

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605539-4
ISSN	1525-1470 ; 0736-8046
ISSN (online)	1525-1470
ISSN	0736-8046
DOI	10.1111/pde.15636
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Article ; Online: Pattern recognition receptor ligand-induced differentiation of human transitional B cells.

McMillan, Jourdan K P / O'Donnell, Patrick / Chang, Sandra P

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0273810

Abstract: B cells represent a critical component of the adaptive immune response whose development and differentiation are determined by antigen-dependent and antigen-independent interactions. In this study, we explored the effects of IL-4 and pattern-recognition ... ...

Abstract	B cells represent a critical component of the adaptive immune response whose development and differentiation are determined by antigen-dependent and antigen-independent interactions. In this study, we explored the effects of IL-4 and pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) ligands on B cell development and differentiation by investigating their capacity to drive the in vitro maturation of human transitional B cells. In the presence of IL-4, ligands for TLR7/8, TLR9, and NOD1 were effective in driving the in vitro maturation of cord blood transitional B cells into mature, naïve B cells as measured by CD23 expression, ABCB1 transporter activation and upregulation of sIgM and sIgD. In addition, several stimulation conditions, including TLR9 ligand alone, favored an expansion of CD27+ IgM memory B cells. Transitional B cells stimulated with TLR7/8 ligand + IL-4 or TLR9 ligand, with or without IL-4, induced a significant subpopulation of CD23+CD27+ B cells expressing high levels of sIgM and sIgD, a minor B cell subpopulation found in human peripheral blood. These studies illustrate the heterogeneity of the B cell populations induced by cytokine and PRR ligand stimulation. A comparison of transitional and mature, naïve B cells transcriptomes to identify novel genes involved in B cell maturation revealed that mature, naïve B cells were less transcriptionally active than transitional B cells. Nevertheless, a subset of differentially expressed genes in mature, naïve B cells was identified including genes associated with the IL-4 signaling pathway, PI3K signaling in B lymphocytes, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the TNFR superfamily. When transitional B cells were stimulated in vitro with IL-4 and PRR ligands, gene expression was found to be dependent on the nature of the stimulants, suggesting that exposure to these stimulants may alter the developmental fate of transitional B cells. The influence of IL-4 and PRR signaling on transitional B cell maturation illustrates the potential synergy that may be achieved when certain PRR ligands are incorporated as adjuvants in vaccine formulations and presented to developing B cells in the context of an inflammatory cytokine environment. These studies demonstrate the potential of the PRR ligands to drive transitional B cell differentiation in the periphery during infection or vaccination independently of antigen mediated BCR signaling.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-4/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Ligands ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; Toll-Like Receptor 7 ; Toll-Like Receptor 9 ; Interleukin-4 (207137-56-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0273810
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Article ; Online: Decision making capacity assessment in general practice in Ireland.

Davidson, Hope / Leo, Roisin / McKittrick, Seoidín / O'Donnell, Patrick / Jalali, Amir / Spain, Eimear

Rural and remote health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 8181

Abstract: Introduction: It has been reported internationally that doctors have a limited understanding of the legal standard that applies to decision making capacity (DMC). No research on this has been conducted in Ireland to date. We sought to assess the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: It has been reported internationally that doctors have a limited understanding of the legal standard that applies to decision making capacity (DMC). No research on this has been conducted in Ireland to date. We sought to assess the understanding of legal principles relating to capacity and consent among Irish general practitioners (GPs), alongside how DMC assessments are conducted. Methods: This study utilised a cross-sectional cohort model circulating online questionnaires to Irish GPs associated with a university research network. Data were analysed using SPSS to conduct a variety of statistical tests. Results: There were 64 participants, with 50% aged 35-44 years and 60.9% being female. Of these, 62.5% found DMC assessments time-consuming. Only 10.9% of participants felt extremely confident in their abilities; most participants (59.4%) felt 'somewhat confident' in their ability to assess DMC. Also, 90.6% of GPs routinely engaged with families when assessing capacity. GPs felt their medical training did not prepare them for DMC assessment (undergraduate 90.6%, non-consultant hospital doctor 78.1%, GP training 65.6%). 70.3% felt guidelines relating to DMC would be helpful and 65.6% felt they needed additional training. Discussion and conclusions: Most GPs recognise the importance of DMC assessment, and it is not considered a complex or burdensome task. There was limited knowledge of the legal instruments relevant to DMC. GPs felt there should be extra support available to assist them with DMC assessment; specific guidelines for different categories of patients was found to be the most popular resource requested.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Ireland ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Practice ; General Practitioners/education ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Decision Making ; General Practice
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2105620-1
ISSN	1445-6354 ; 1445-6354
ISSN (online)	1445-6354
ISSN	1445-6354
DOI	10.22605/RRH8181
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Article ; Online: Nasal flu vaccine: attitudes and perceptions of parents who use social media.

Abo Halima, Yasmin / Kiroplis, Irene / Hickey, Olivia / Hayes, Peter / O'Donnell, Patrick

Rural and remote health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 8169

Abstract: Background/aim: In October of 2020, a live attenuated Nasal Flu Vaccine (NFV) was licensed for the first time in Ireland for children aged 2&ndash17 years of age. The uptake of the NFV in Ireland was much lower than expected. The aim of this study was ... ...

Abstract	Background/aim: In October of 2020, a live attenuated Nasal Flu Vaccine (NFV) was licensed for the first time in Ireland for children aged 2&ndash17 years of age. The uptake of the NFV in Ireland was much lower than expected. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of Irish parents towards the NFV, and to examine the relationship between the perceptions of vaccines and the uptake rate. Methods: An 18-question online questionnaire, developed through Qualtrics software®, was distributed via various social media platforms. Data were examined using SPSS to run associations using chi-squared tests. Free text boxes were assessed using thematic analysis. Results: Of the 183 people who participated, 76% of parents had vaccinated their children. 81% of parents would vaccinate all their children, while 65% disagreed with vaccinating only children 5 years or older. The majority of parents agreed that the NFV was safe and effective. Analysis of the text included requests for alternative vaccine locations (22%), difficulties getting an appointment (6%), and a lack of public awareness of the vaccine campaign (19%). Conclusions: Parents are willing to have their children vaccinated but there are barriers to vaccination contributing to the low uptake of the NFV. Increasing the availability of the NFV in pharmacies and schools can increase uptake. Public health messaging around the availability of the NFV is excellent but a more succinct message is needed to highlight the importance of under 5s receiving the vaccine. Future studies should examine the promotion of the NFV by healthcare professionals and general practitioners' attitudes towards the NFV.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Influenza Vaccines ; Social Media ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Vaccination ; Parents
Chemical Substances	Influenza Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2105620-1
ISSN	1445-6354 ; 1445-6354
ISSN (online)	1445-6354
ISSN	1445-6354
DOI	10.22605/RRH8169
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Article ; Online: Onychodystrophy in an 8-week-old male.

Santacruz, Elise / Plumptre, Isabella / Yim, Kaitlyn / O'Donnell, Patrick / Baltz, Julia

Pediatric dermatology

2023 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 124–126

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Nail Diseases/diagnosis ; Nails, Malformed/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605539-4
ISSN	1525-1470 ; 0736-8046
ISSN (online)	1525-1470
ISSN	0736-8046
DOI	10.1111/pde.15376
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Article ; Online: Too Much Freshwater, Not Enough, or Just Right? Long-Term Trawl Monitoring Demonstrates the Impact of Canals that Altered Freshwater Flow to Three Bays in SW Florida

Kendall, Matthew S. / Williams, Bethany L. / O’Donnell, Patrick M. / Jessen, Brita / Drevenkar, Julie

Estuaries and Coasts. 2022 Dec., v. 45, no. 8 p.2710-2727

2022

Abstract: Understanding the impact of anthropogenically altering freshwater flow to estuaries is a growing information need for coastal managers. Due to differences in watershed development, drainage canals, and water control structures, the Ten Thousand Islands ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the impact of anthropogenically altering freshwater flow to estuaries is a growing information need for coastal managers. Due to differences in watershed development, drainage canals, and water control structures, the Ten Thousand Islands area of southwest Florida provides an ecosystem-scale opportunity to investigate the influence of both more, and less, freshwater flow to coastal bays compared to locations with more natural hydrology. Bottom trawl and water quality data spanning 20 years were used to investigate how environmental and hydrological differences among three bays affect community structure of small estuarine fishes. Relationships between fish community structure and salinity and temperature variables were evaluated over timescales from 1 day to 3 months prior to each trawl. Longer-term aspects of temperature (i.e., 2–3 months) exhibited the highest correlations in all bays, suggesting that spawning cycles are the main cause of seasonal changes in fish communities, rather than differences in freshwater flow. Despite major contrasts in watershed manipulation and the seasonal salinity of one bay being much less than the others, the bays differed primarily based on relative abundances of more common species rather than due to unique suites of species being present. Truly freshwater conditions were never detected, and high salinity conditions were experienced in all bays during dry seasons. This likely prevents a community shift to freshwater species. The range in flow characteristics among bays and general similarity in fish communities suggest that conditions will remain within the tolerance of most fishes in all three bays following restoration to more saline conditions.
Keywords	community structure ; drainage ; estuaries ; fish ; fish communities ; freshwater ; salinity ; temperature ; water quality ; watersheds ; Florida
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 2710-2727.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2229170-2
ISSN	1559-2731 ; 1559-2723
ISSN (online)	1559-2731
ISSN	1559-2723
DOI	10.1007/s12237-022-01107-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pre-exposure prophylaxis and primary care.

Crowley, Des / Cullen, Walter / O'Donnell, Patrick

The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

2020 Volume 70, Issue 697, Page(s) 409–410

MeSH term(s)	HIV Infections ; Humans ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Primary Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1043148-2
ISSN	1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
ISSN (online)	1478-5242
ISSN	0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
DOI	10.3399/bjgp20X712097
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