LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 29

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Enhancing the health knowledge and health literacy of recently resettled refugees through classroom-based instructional methods.

    Agrawal, Pooja / Phadke, Manali / Du, Nan / Hosain, Fatima / Koons, Leslie / Brown, Camille / O'Malley, Shannon / Cheng, Frances Y

    Health education research

    2024  Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 159–169

    Abstract: Health education can elevate health literacy, which is associated with health knowledge, health-seeking behaviors and overall improved health outcomes. Refugees are particularly vulnerable to the effects of low health knowledge and literacy, which can ... ...

    Abstract Health education can elevate health literacy, which is associated with health knowledge, health-seeking behaviors and overall improved health outcomes. Refugees are particularly vulnerable to the effects of low health knowledge and literacy, which can exacerbate already poor health stemming from their displacement experience. Traditional learning methods including classroom-based instruction are typically how health-related information is presented to refugees. Through a series of interactive classes focused on specific health topics relevant to the resettled refugee population, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a classroom-based health education model in enhancing the health knowledge of recently resettled refugees. We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate differences in pre- and post-class knowledge through test performance. We found a significant improvement in health knowledge in two refugee groups: females and those who were employed. Culturally and socially sensitive considerations including language inclusiveness, class timing, transportation and childcare provisions are important when creating an educational program for individuals with refugee backgrounds. Developing focused approaches to instruction that enhance health knowledge could lead to better health literacy and ultimately improve health-related behaviors and outcomes in the refugee population.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Health Literacy ; Refugees ; Language ; Health Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632781-3
    ISSN 1465-3648 ; 0268-1153
    ISSN (online) 1465-3648
    ISSN 0268-1153
    DOI 10.1093/her/cyae001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing on adaptive equipment in children and adults with Friedreich ataxia.

    Cilenti, Nicolette A / Tamaroff, Jaclyn G / Capiola, Christopher J / Faig, Walter / McBride, Michael G / Paridon, Stephen M / O'Malley, Shannon / Edelson, Jonathan B / Lynch, David R / McCormack, Shana E / Lin, Kimberly Y

    Muscle & nerve

    2024  Volume 69, Issue 5, Page(s) 613–619

    Abstract: Introduction/aims: Traditional exercise is often difficult for individuals with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), and evidence is limited regarding how to measure exercise performance in this population. We evaluated the feasibility, reliability, and natural ... ...

    Abstract Introduction/aims: Traditional exercise is often difficult for individuals with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), and evidence is limited regarding how to measure exercise performance in this population. We evaluated the feasibility, reliability, and natural history of adaptive cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance in children and adults with FRDA.
    Methods: Participants underwent CPET on either an arm cycle ergometer (ACE) or recumbent leg cycle ergometer (RLCE) at up to four visits (baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 1 year). Maximum work, oxygen consumption (peak VO
    Results: In our cohort (N = 23), median age was 18 years (interquartile range [IQR], 14-23), median age of FRDA onset was 8 years (IQR 6-13), median Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale score was 58 (IQR 54-62), and GAA repeat length on the shorter FXN allele (GAA1) was 766 (IQR, 650-900). Twenty-one (91%) completed a maximal CPET (n = 8, ACE and n = 13, RLCE). Age, sex, and GAA1 repeat length were each associated with peak VO
    Discussion: Adaptive CPET is feasible in FRDA, a relevant clinical trial outcome for interventions that impact exercise performance and will increase access to participation as well as generalizability of findings.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Exercise Test ; Friedreich Ataxia/diagnosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Oxygen Consumption ; Respiratory Function Tests
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 438353-9
    ISSN 1097-4598 ; 0148-639X
    ISSN (online) 1097-4598
    ISSN 0148-639X
    DOI 10.1002/mus.28085
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: Child safety assessments during a caregiver's evaluation in emergency departments after intimate partner violence.

    Butala, Nirali / Asnes, Andrea / Gaither, Julie / Leventhal, John M / O'Malley, Shannon / Jubanyik, Karen / Aydin, Ani / Tiyyagura, Gunjan

    Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 23–31

    Abstract: Background: Physical abuse of children is reported to occur in 30%-60% of homes with intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV in adult victims presenting to emergency departments (EDs) represents a critical opportunity to evaluate for child safety.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Physical abuse of children is reported to occur in 30%-60% of homes with intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV in adult victims presenting to emergency departments (EDs) represents a critical opportunity to evaluate for child safety.
    Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the frequency of child safety assessments (CSAs), defined as any documented inquiry about the presence of children in the household, when adults presented to EDs for IPV. The secondary aims were to assess (1) the impact of demographic factors, ED type, and social work (SW) involvement on the likelihood of CSAs; (2) the nature of children's exposure; and (3) the frequency of child protective services (CPS) reports.
    Methods: We performed a chart review of encounters with ICD-10-CM codes for patients aged 18-60 with IPV presenting to three EDs in Connecticut from 2017 through 2019.
    Results: CSAs were completed in 179/277 encounters (78.9%) and were more likely to be completed in encounters with SW involvement than without (162/171 [94.7%] vs. 17/56 [30.3%], p < 0.001). A total of 143 children lived in the home at the time of the incident; of the 107 children for whom the nature of exposure was known, 10 (9.3%) were physically involved and 26 (24.2%) were direct witnesses to the violence. CPS reports were made in 52.4% of the encounters in which children lived in the home.
    Conclusions: CSAs were omitted in one-fifth of encounters for IPV. Given the high prevalence of children involved in IPV episodes, ED encounters for IPV represent an opportunity to improve the safety of children.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Caregivers ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Violence ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Sexual Partners ; Child Abuse/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1329813-6
    ISSN 1553-2712 ; 1069-6563
    ISSN (online) 1553-2712
    ISSN 1069-6563
    DOI 10.1111/acem.14614
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: Is eye gaze direction always determined without intent?

    O'Malley, Shannon / Besner, Derek

    Psychonomic bulletin & review

    2014  Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 1495–1500

    Abstract: It is widely assumed that processing of gaze direction occurs "automatically," in the sense that it is reflexive (unfolds in the absence of intention). We assessed this view in a task in which participants saw a schematic face in which the eyes were ... ...

    Abstract It is widely assumed that processing of gaze direction occurs "automatically," in the sense that it is reflexive (unfolds in the absence of intention). We assessed this view in a task in which participants saw a schematic face in which the eyes were gazing left or right, along with a second directional target (an arrow in Experiment 1; a directional word in Experiment 2). The eyes and other directional target were sometimes congruent and other times incongruent. On each trial, participants were cued with a tone to respond to either the direction the eyes were gazing, or the direction the noneye target indicated. The time between the onset of the task cue and the onset of the face was manipulated so that on half the trials the face and the cue were presented at the same time. Regardless of the type of target, the congruency effect was the same size at the zero SOA as it was at the 750 SOA, suggesting that eyes were not processed until participants knew what task to perform. These results are consistent with the claim that processing of gaze direction is, at least some of the time, secondary to an intent (i.e., it is not reflexive).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Executive Function/physiology ; Eye ; Facial Recognition/physiology ; Female ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Intention ; Male ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Reflex/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2031311-1
    ISSN 1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
    ISSN (online) 1531-5320
    ISSN 1069-9384
    DOI 10.3758/s13423-014-0642-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Perspectives and recommendations of opioid overdose survivors experiencing unsheltered homelessness on housing, overdose, and substance use treatment in Boston, MA.

    Paradise, Ranjani K / Desmarais, Jeffrey / O'Malley, Shannon E / Hoyos-Cespedes, Andres / Nurani, Alykhan / Walley, Alexander Y / Clarke, Jaylen / Taylor, Sunday / Dooley, Daniel / Bazzi, Angela R / Kimmel, Simeon D

    The International journal on drug policy

    2023  Volume 119, Page(s) 104127

    Abstract: Introduction: Opioid overdose causes one in four deaths among people experiencing homelessness in Boston, MA. To reduce overdose risks, the experience and perspectives of people experiencing homelessness should be incorporated into housing, overdose ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Opioid overdose causes one in four deaths among people experiencing homelessness in Boston, MA. To reduce overdose risks, the experience and perspectives of people experiencing homelessness should be incorporated into housing, overdose prevention, and substance use treatment efforts.
    Methods: In 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews with 59 opioid overdose survivors to inform equitable access to treatment services. In response to policy debate surrounding a public drug scene near a key recruitment site, we conducted a targeted thematic analysis of transcribed interview data from a subset of participants experiencing unsheltered homelessness (n=29) to explore their perspectives and recommendations on housing, overdose prevention, and substance use treatment.
    Results: Among 29 participants who identified as non-Hispanic Black (n=10), Hispanic/Latinx (n=10), or as non-Hispanic White (n=9), the median number of self-reported opioid overdoses in the past three months was 2.0 (SD 3.7). Three themes emerged from this targeted analysis: (1) Participants described inadequate housing resources and unwelcoming shelter environments. (2) Participants near a large public drug scene explained how unsheltered homelessness was chaotic, dangerous, and disruptive to recovery goals. (3) Participants provided recommendations for improving housing and addiction treatment systems and including their perspectives in the development of solutions to the intersecting housing and opioid overdose crises.
    Conclusions: The overdose prevention, housing and substance use treatment systems must address the needs of opioid overdose survivors experiencing unsheltered homelessness. Overdose survivors experiencing unsheltered homelessness described a chaotic public drug scene but resorted to residing in nearby encampments because the existing shelter, housing, and addiction treatment systems were unwelcoming, difficult to navigate, or unaffordable. Despite efforts to provide low-threshold housing in Boston, additional low-barrier housing services (i.e., including harm reduction resources and without "sobriety" requirements) could promote the health and safety of people who use drugs and are experiencing homelessness.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Housing ; Opiate Overdose ; Boston/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Ill-Housed Persons ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Drug Overdose/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010000-0
    ISSN 1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
    ISSN (online) 1873-4758
    ISSN 0955-3959
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104127
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article ; Online: Reading aloud: does previous trial history modulate the joint effects of stimulus quality and word frequency?

    O'Malley, Shannon / Besner, Derek

    Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

    2013  Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 1321–1325

    Abstract: No one would argue with the proposition that how we process events in the world is strongly affected by our experience. Nonetheless, recent experience (e.g., from the previous trial) is typically not considered in the analysis of timed cognitive ... ...

    Abstract No one would argue with the proposition that how we process events in the world is strongly affected by our experience. Nonetheless, recent experience (e.g., from the previous trial) is typically not considered in the analysis of timed cognitive performance in the laboratory. Masson and Kliegl (2013) reported that, in the context of the lexical decision task, the nature of the previous trial strongly modulates the joint effects of word frequency and stimulus quality-a joint effect that is widely reported to be additive when averaged over trial history. In particular, their analysis suggests there may be no genuine additivity of these factors. Here we extended this line of investigation by reanalyzing data reported by O'Malley and Besner (2008) in which subjects read words and nonwords aloud, with word frequency and stimulus quality as manipulated factors. These factors are additive on reaction time in the standard analysis of variance. Contrary to Masson and Kliegl's finding for lexical decision, when previous trial history is taken into consideration, these 2 factors still do not interact. This suggests that, at least in the context of reading aloud, previous trial does not modulate how the effects of these 2 factors combine. Some implications are briefly noted.
    MeSH term(s) Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Reading ; Verbal Behavior/physiology ; Vocabulary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 627313-0
    ISSN 1939-1285 ; 0278-7393
    ISSN (online) 1939-1285
    ISSN 0278-7393
    DOI 10.1037/a0031673
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Attention modulates event-related spectral power in multisensory self-motion perception.

    Townsend, Ben / Legere, Joey K / O'Malley, Shannon / Mohrenschildt, Martin V / Shedden, Judith M

    NeuroImage

    2019  Volume 191, Page(s) 68–80

    Abstract: Humans integrate visual and physical (vestibular and proprioceptive) cues to motion during self-motion perception. Theta and alpha-band oscillations have been associated with the processing of visual motion (e.g. optic flow). Alpha and beta-band ... ...

    Abstract Humans integrate visual and physical (vestibular and proprioceptive) cues to motion during self-motion perception. Theta and alpha-band oscillations have been associated with the processing of visual motion (e.g. optic flow). Alpha and beta-band oscillations have been shown to be associated with sensory-motor processing (e.g. walking). The present study examined modulation of theta, alpha, and beta oscillations while participants made heading direction judgments during a passive self-motion task which required selective attention to one of the simultaneously presented visual or physical motion stimuli. Attention to physical (while ignoring visual) motion produced a different time course of changes in spectral power compared to attention to visual (while ignoring physical) motion. We observed weaker theta event-related synchronization (ERS), as well as stronger beta and later onset of alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the attend-physical condition compared to the attend-visual condition. We observed individual differences in terms of ability to perform the task. Specifically, some participants were not able to ignore or discount the visual input when visual and physical heading direction was incongruent; this was reflected by similar event-related spectral power for both conditions. The results demonstrated a possible electrophysiological signature of the time course of 1) cue conflict (congruency effects), 2) attention to specific motion cues, and 3) individual differences in perceptual weighting of motion stimuli (high-vs. low-accuracy effects).
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Attention/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Proprioception/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: Reading aloud and the question of intent.

    O'Malley, Shannon / Besner, Derek

    Consciousness and cognition

    2012  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 1298–1310

    Abstract: Must readers intend to process a word to activate various levels of representation, or is such processing simply triggered by the presentation of a word (i.e., is it "automatic")? This issue was addressed via the use of Besner and Care's Task Set ... ...

    Abstract Must readers intend to process a word to activate various levels of representation, or is such processing simply triggered by the presentation of a word (i.e., is it "automatic")? This issue was addressed via the use of Besner and Care's Task Set paradigm. On each trial a cue, which indicated which of two tasks to perform appeared either before the target, or at the same time as the target. If subjects can process the target while preparing a task set, then the effect of a manipulated psycholinguistic factor should be absorbed into the time taken to process the cue. Despite robust main effects of SOA and word frequency there was no interaction between these factors when the task was to read aloud. This result implies that target processing is delayed until the subject knows what task to perform, and therefore that intention plays an important role when reading words aloud.
    MeSH term(s) Cues ; Humans ; Intention ; Psycholinguistics ; Reaction Time ; Reading ; Speech
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1106647-7
    ISSN 1090-2376 ; 1053-8100
    ISSN (online) 1090-2376
    ISSN 1053-8100
    DOI 10.1016/j.concog.2012.06.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: Correction to: A Path FORWARD: Development of a Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Clinic to Create Health and Wellness for the Child and Adolescent with a Fontan Circulation.

    Rychik, Jack / Goldberg, David J / Rand, Elizabeth / Mancilla, Edna E / Heimall, Jennifer / Seivert, Nicholas / Campbell, Danielle / O'Malley, Shannon / Dodds, Kathryn M

    Pediatric cardiology

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 7, Page(s) 1678

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 800857-7
    ISSN 1432-1971 ; 0172-0643
    ISSN (online) 1432-1971
    ISSN 0172-0643
    DOI 10.1007/s00246-022-02952-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: A Path FORWARD: Development of a Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Clinic to Create Health and Wellness for the Child and Adolescent with a Fontan Circulation.

    Rychik, Jack / Goldberg, David J / Rand, Elizabeth / Mancilla, Edna E / Heimall, Jennifer / Seivert, Nicholas / Campbell, Danielle / O'Malley, Shannon / Dodds, Kathryn M

    Pediatric cardiology

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 1175–1192

    Abstract: Today, it is anticipated most individuals diagnosed with single-ventricle malformation will survive surgical reconstruction through a successful Fontan operation. As greater numbers of patients survive, so has the recognition that individuals with Fontan ...

    Abstract Today, it is anticipated most individuals diagnosed with single-ventricle malformation will survive surgical reconstruction through a successful Fontan operation. As greater numbers of patients survive, so has the recognition that individuals with Fontan circulation face a variety of challenges. The goal of a normal quality and duration of life will not be reached by all. The hurdles fall into a variety of domains. From a cardiovascular perspective, the Fontan circulation is fundamentally flawed by its inherent nature of creating a state of chronically elevated venous pressure and congestion, accompanied by a relatively low cardiac output. Ventricular dysfunction, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and arrhythmia may directly impact cardiac performance and can progress with time. Problems are not limited to the cardiovascular system. Fontan circulatory physiology impacts a multitude of biological processes and health parameters outside the heart. The lymphatic circulation is under strain manifesting as variable degrees of protein-rich lymph loss and immune system dysregulation. Organ system dysfunction develops through altered perfusion profiles. Liver fibrosis is ubiquitous, and a process of systemic fibrogenesis in response to circulatory stressors may affect other organs as well. Somatic growth and development can be delayed. Behavioral and mental health problems are common, presenting as clinically important levels of anxiety and depression. Most striking is the high variability in prevalence and magnitude of these complications within the population, indicating the likelihood of additional factors enhancing or mitigating their emergence. We propose that optimal care for the individual with single ventricle and a Fontan circulation is ideally offered in a comprehensive multidisciplinary manner, with attention to elements that are beyond cardiac management alone. In this report, we share the concepts, our experiences, and perspectives on development of a clinic model-the "Fontan rehabilitation, wellness and resilience development" or FORWARD program. We provide insights into the mechanics of our multidisciplinary model of care and the benefits offered serving our growing population of individuals with a Fontan circulation and their families.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Child ; Fontan Procedure/adverse effects ; Heart Defects, Congenital/complications ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Ventricular Dysfunction/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 800857-7
    ISSN 1432-1971 ; 0172-0643
    ISSN (online) 1432-1971
    ISSN 0172-0643
    DOI 10.1007/s00246-022-02930-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top