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Article ; Online: The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of infectious complications in surgical treatment of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin

O. V. Smirnova / N. G. Elmanova

Бюллетень сибирской медицины, Vol 20, Iss 3, Pp 105-

2021 Volume 111

Abstract: Aim. To study the content of cytokines in the blood serum of patients with obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin before and after surgical treatment, depending on the development of postoperative complications.Materials and methods. The treatment ... ...

Abstract	Aim. To study the content of cytokines in the blood serum of patients with obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin before and after surgical treatment, depending on the development of postoperative complications.Materials and methods. The treatment group consisted of 70 patients with the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin, verified following a comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination. In 54 patients, the postoperative period was uncomplicated, and in 16 patients, various infectious complications in the postoperative period were revealed. The control group consisted of 125 healthy volunteers. The concentration of six cytokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-18, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (INF γ)) was determined using reagent kits manufactured by Vector-Best LLC (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the Thermo Scientific analyzer (BioMerieux, France).Results. We identified significantly high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood serum of patients with obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin upon admission, compared with the data obtained in the study of blood serum in the control group and in patients with obstructive jaundice after surgery. In the postoperative period in patients with obstructive jaundice without complications, the proinflammatory cytokines are significantly reduced and IL-4 is increased, whereas with the development of infectious complications, the level of proinflammatory cytokines is significantly elevated.Conclusion. In the pathogenesis of obstructive jaundice, a local inflammatory process plays an essential role. This is confirmed by statistically significant changes in the studied cytokines. The established increase in the concentration of IL-4, which has anti-inflammatory activity, indicates its importance in the mechanisms underlying the absence of infectious complications in the postoperative period of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin. The revealed increase ...
Keywords	цитокины ; патогенез ; послеоперационные осложнения ; воспаление ; механическая желтуха ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Siberian State Medical University (Tomsk)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: NATURAL ZONALITY OF THE FOREST BELT OF NORTHERN EURASIA

O. V. Smirnova / А. P. Geraskina / V. N. Korotkov

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Iss

MYTH OR REALITY? PART 2 (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 Volume 2

Abstract: Solving the problems of sustainable existence of the biota in Northern Eurasia requires a detailed analysis of the interactions between human and nature at the initial stage of the development of this territory. Paleoreconstructions of the structural and ...

Abstract	Solving the problems of sustainable existence of the biota in Northern Eurasia requires a detailed analysis of the interactions between human and nature at the initial stage of the development of this territory. Paleoreconstructions of the structural and functional organization of the biota in the analyzed territory at different stages of its development constitute the necessary basis for solving the problems of preserving and restoring natural laws, which are absolutely necessary for a deep understanding of natural mechanisms, as the main condition for the survival of mankind. The initial stage of interaction between human and nature called “appropriating economy” was marked by the destruction of complementary systems – the basis of the sustainable existence of nature as a whole. The main reason is the almost complete destruction of the giant phytophagous mammoth complex. The next period of interaction between human and nature is “the stage of the productive economy”, in which slash-and-burn agriculture became the main method of agricultural development of forest areas in Northern Eurasia. This type of Nature management caused a decrease in the productivity of forest ecosystems, associated with the loss of nutrients after the burning of the stand, with the loss of soil biota and a decrease in soil fertility. Thus, the pre-anthropogenic biota is replaced by modern fragments of anthropogenically transformed areas. Currently, when the still preserved species and their groups cannot be maintained by nature itself, we need to develop and implement large-scale measures to restore the biota and its climate-regulating functions as soon as possible.
Keywords	slash and burn agriculture ; climate ; paleohistory ; complementarity ; forest ; ecosystem ; plowing ; soil ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pathophysiological disorders in iron metabolism in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome

O. V. Smirnova / O. L. Moskalenko / E. V. Kasparov / I. E. Kasparova

Медицинский совет, Vol 0, Iss 6, Pp 264-

2022 Volume 272

Abstract: Obesity and metabolic syndrome are one of the major public health problems in the 21st century due to their prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, chronic inflammation and anemia are ... ...

Abstract	Obesity and metabolic syndrome are one of the major public health problems in the 21st century due to their prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, chronic inflammation and anemia are non-communicable diseases accompanying obesity. With obesity, there is a violation of iron metabolism, iron deficiency, which further contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, and its bioavailability is reduced due to the formation of insoluble oxides, while iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder. Iron metabolism in the body is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species involved in lipid peroxidation processes. Iron metabolism in the human body is regulated at all levels; dysregulation of any stage of metabolism can lead to iron deficiency and the development of anemia associated with obesity. This review article summarizes data on molecular and cellular abnormalities in iron metabolism in obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to study, according to the literature, pathophysiological disorders in iron metabolism in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the future, more research is required to study iron metabolism in obesity with the aim of their preventive and therapeutic effects. The role of oxidative stress in impaired iron metabolism in obesity has not been fully studied, while iron deficiency enhances lipid peroxidation processes in antioxidant deficiency. Under these conditions, oxidative stress can damage cells and destroy red blood cells. The question arises whether the restoration of iron homeostasis in obesity can improve metabolic, inflammatory disorders and reduce the manifestation of oxidative stress, becoming a new innovative approach to the treatment of concomitant metabolic diseases associated with obesity.
Keywords	metabolic syndrome ; obesity ; iron ; iron deficiency anemia ; oxidative stress ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	570
Language	Russian
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Remedium Group LLC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: INTERRELATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE GROUND COVER, LITTER AND SOILS IN THE CONIFEROUS-BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS OF THE LOW-MOUNTAIN OF THE MIDDLE URALS

I.Yu. Kudrevatykh / R.Z. Sibgatullin / V.N. Korotkov / A.P. Geraskina / O.V. Smirnova

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Iss

2023 Volume 3

Abstract: A fir-spruce-linden herbs forest and fir-spruce tall herbs forest on brown mountain soil in the Visimsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve were studied. In each type of forest, the biodiversity and variability of the chemical composition of ground cover ... ...

Abstract	A fir-spruce-linden herbs forest and fir-spruce tall herbs forest on brown mountain soil in the Visimsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve were studied. In each type of forest, the biodiversity and variability of the chemical composition of ground cover and litter plants in different seasons were studied, and the relationship between the chemical composition of plants and the chemical composition of soils was assessed. Found that in spring the content of Fe, Cr, Rb, Ti, Zn, Ni, Al, S and P in the ground cover is higher, and by the end of the growing season the content of Mn, Sr, Ca, K, Mg and Cl increases. Ground cover plants of the studied forests contribute to the accumulation of Fe, Al, Mg, Ba, Ti, Mn, Ni, Cr and Zn in the soil due to their concentration in roots. In the chemical composition of the litter of the fir-spruce-linden herbs forest, the content of Ca, S, Sr, Ba, Mg, Fe, Ba, and Ti is higher than that of the fir-spruce tall herbs forest, which is reflected in the increase in the content of these elements in the organic horizon of the studied soils.
Keywords	fir-spruce forest ; ground cover ; chemical composition ; soil ; litter ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: CURRENT NORTHERN EURASIA FOREST CONDITION

O. V. Smirnova / A. P. Geraskina

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Vol 4, Iss

METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND RESTORATION OF NATURAL BIOTA IN PROTECTED AREAS. LITERATURE REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REQUIRED RESEARCH IN PROTECTED AREAS

2019 Volume 1

Abstract: The reconstruction of the verbal pre-anthropogenic Northern Eurasia forest cover has been proposed on the basis of paleontology and historical ecology data analysis. It was used as a basis for evaluating the ability of the reserves in the studied area to ...

Abstract	The reconstruction of the verbal pre-anthropogenic Northern Eurasia forest cover has been proposed on the basis of paleontology and historical ecology data analysis. It was used as a basis for evaluating the ability of the reserves in the studied area to act as reference objects capable of performing the ecosystem living soil cover functions. The analysis indicated immense anthropogenic transformation of the Biota in this territory and the requirement for urgent measures to restore the full-fledged Biota of the reserves at the state and global levels. A list of necessary activities for the initial phase of Biota recovery in the modern protected areas has been proposed.
Keywords	reserves ; paleoreconstruction ; reintroduction ; key species ; phytophagous mammoth complex giants ; Würm ; “prehistoric pasture paradox” ; “uncompensated Würm extinction paradox” ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: NATURAL ZONALITY OF THE FOREST BELT OF NORTHERN EURASIA

O. V. Smirnova / А. P. Geraskina / V. N. Korotkov

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Vol 5, Iss

MYTH OR REALITY? PART 1 (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: The state of the Earth's living cover raises serious concern about its ability to successfully exist and fully implement its ecosystem functions in modern conditions. Hence the need to revise our relationship with the Nature on the basis of modern ... ...

Abstract	The state of the Earth's living cover raises serious concern about its ability to successfully exist and fully implement its ecosystem functions in modern conditions. Hence the need to revise our relationship with the Nature on the basis of modern scientific achievements reflected in the concept of complementarity which is mutual favour of living beings during their lives and after death. Data analysis has shown that complementary relations on the territory of Northern Eurasia were most developed during the Miocene – Pliocene period, which resulted in a huge biodiversity, the highest productivity, as well as the maximum implementation of climateregulating functions of the Biota. Mass destruction of the giant herbivores of the mammoth fauna who organized complementary systems had global consequences, i.e. changes in the temperature regime, reduction of feed resources, decreased soil fertility, changes in the size and boundaries of ranges of animals, plants, fungi and representatives of other kingdoms as well as the replacement of complementary systems of giant herbivores and grasses by systems dominated by trees which made these landscapes unsuitable for remaining the herbivores. Further transformations of the Biota of Northern Eurasia were determined by human activity.
Keywords	complementarity ; biota ; giant phytophagous animals ; climate ; biodiversity ; habitat ; ecosystem ; human activity ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genetic predictors and pathophysiological features of non-alcoholic fat liver disease

O. V. Smirnova / O. L. Moskalenko / E. V. Kasparov / I. E. Kasparova

Медицинский совет, Vol 0, Iss 15, Pp 78-

2021 Volume 87

Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease in highly developed countries. The risk of developing NAFLD and associated complications varies greatly among people of different nationalities and is determined by ... ...

Abstract	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease in highly developed countries. The risk of developing NAFLD and associated complications varies greatly among people of different nationalities and is determined by environmental and genetic factors. Genome-wide studies have revealed strong and reproducible associations between gene variations such as PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, GCKR, HSD17B1, and NAFLD. In this article, we consider the influence of genes and environmental factors on the pathophysiological features of NAFLD. The use of a sufficient population sample with the analysis of SNP arrays and the use of sequencing methods (exome and genome as a whole) will lead to the discovery of additional genetic variants, will inevitably improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and will allow the development of a technology for personalized risk in assessing the disease in a patient. The aim of our study was to study the genetic predictors of NAFLD based on literature data with the interpretation of the studies. There is now strong evidence that specific variants of genetic risk have a large effect on NAFLD, and their effect is comparable to that of major metabolic risk factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The increased risk extends to the onset and progression of the entire spectrum of NAFLD manifestations, including overall mortality due to liver disease. Currently, individual genetic variants do not allow the creation of a personalized risk profile; therefore, the most expedient approach today is the development of polygenic risk assessments. The number of genetic loci associated with the prevalence and outcome of NAFLD remains limited. The use of a sufficient population sample with the analysis of SNP arrays and the use of sequencing methods (exome and genome as a whole) will lead to the discovery of additional genetic variants and will inevitably improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD and will allow the development of a technology for personalized ...
Keywords	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ; steatohepatitis ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; snp (single nucleotide polymorphism) ; risk stratification ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	Russian
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Remedium Group LLC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA - CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES IN ADULT PATIENTS

O. V. Smirnova

Acta Biomedica Scientifica, Vol 0, Iss 3(2), Pp 185-

2012 Volume 189

Abstract: A study of the peculiarities of clinical manifestations and immunity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, depending on the stage of disease was made. In patients at admission were more prevalen t shortness of breath, palpitations, lymphadenopathy, ... ...

Abstract	A study of the peculiarities of clinical manifestations and immunity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, depending on the stage of disease was made. In patients at admission were more prevalen t shortness of breath, palpitations, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hemorrhagic manifestations. Patients diagnosed at any stage had immune disturbances, with the greatest change — in the terminal stage. In patients in an expanded and in the terminal stages T-cell immunodeficiency developed. The peculiarity of the terminal stage was the reduction of NK-cells and B-lymphocytes.
Keywords	chronic myeloid leukemia ; immunity ; Science ; Q
Language	Russian
Publishing date	2012-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: PRODUCTIVITY AND CONTENT OF MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS IN THE PHYTOMASS OF GROUND VEGETATION OF TYPICAL AND UNIQUE TAIGA FORESTS OF THE NORTHERN URALS (EXAMPLE OF SPRUCE-FIR FORESTS OF THE PECHORA-ILYCH NATURE RESERVE)

A. P. Geraskina / O. V. Smirnova / V. N. Korotkov / I. Yu. Kudrevatykh

Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology, Vol 5, Iss

2020 Volume 2

Abstract: Most woodlands of the Northern Eurasia are represented by bilberry-green moss spruce-fir forests. At the same time, a tall herb type of spruce-fir forests that occupies a much smaller area was identified and described. The objective of this work is to ... ...

Abstract	Most woodlands of the Northern Eurasia are represented by bilberry-green moss spruce-fir forests. At the same time, a tall herb type of spruce-fir forests that occupies a much smaller area was identified and described. The objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the species richness and productivity of the ground vegetation of tall herb spruce-fir (unique) and bilberry-green moss spruce-fir (typical) forests of the Northern Urals. Based on previous studies, two forest types were selected in the foothill part of the Pechora-Ilych nature reserve with tall herb and bilberry-green moss ground vegetation, where total mapping, determination of microsite area and geobotanical descriptions had been carried out previously. Material for determination of the aboveground and below-ground phytomass and chemical composition of plant species was collected in 2017–2018. The concentrations of C and N in plant samples were measured on the elemental analyzer, and Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn content was found using the method of measuring mass fraction of the element in powder samples by X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found out that the total phytomass of vascular plants in the ground vegetation of tall herb forests is 5 times higher than that of bilberry-green moss forests. The phytomass of mosses, on the contrary, is 4.4 times lower in tall herb forests in comparison with bilberry-green moss forests. Examination of ecological-coenotic groups of plants in terms of the content of chemical elements taking phytomass in consideration shows that the greatest contribution to the accumulation of macro- and microelements in the tall herb spruce-fir forest is made by the plants from tall herbs, boreal dwarf shrubs and boreal small herbs groups; in the bilberry-green moss spruce-fir forest, the main role is played by mosses and boreal dwarf shrubs. To assess the content of biogenic elements in the ground vegetation a differentiated approach was suggested, which included accounting for above-ground and below-ground ...
Keywords	boreal forests ; biodiversity ; tall herb spruce-fir forests ; bilberry-green moss spruce-fir forests ; microsites ; above-ground phytomass ; below-ground phytomass ; ecological-coenotic groups of plants ; macroelements ; microelements ; ground vegetation ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Penza State University Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: SCIENTIFIC AND GEOGRAPHIC BASIS OF THE STUDY OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY OF RUSSIA

B. I. Kochurov / O. V. Smirnova

Вестник Мининского университета, Vol 0, Iss

2017 Volume 3

Abstract: The article discusses the scientific and geographical features of the study of natural and cultural heritage in line with the cultural-ecological approach and the implementation of the ideas of culture of nature management. The analysis of researches of ... ...

Abstract	The article discusses the scientific and geographical features of the study of natural and cultural heritage in line with the cultural-ecological approach and the implementation of the ideas of culture of nature management. The analysis of researches of scientists-geographers in the field of heritage study allowed to conclude that the key geo-ecological aspects of heritage associated with the notion of heritage as a unique cultural and environmental phenomenon, reflecting the idea of co-creation of man and nature, the idea of a cultural nature. The stages explore the natural and cultural heritage in the geographical science. It is established that the study of natural heritage based on scientific studies geo-ecology, and cultural heritage is studied in the framework of the scientific field of "cultural geography". It is revealed that the conservation of natural and cultural heritage closely linked to the idea of rational nature management, implementation of rules and regulations cultural resources management. These ideas define the main methodological and methodological aspects of the study of natural and cultural heritage in the school of geography of Russia, and also implement the most important educational function of the school of geography in the formation of a responsible citizen and patriot of his country. These ideas are important to use when studying natural and cultural heritage in the school of geography of Russia.
Keywords	natural and cultural heritage ; geography ; school geography ; a cultural-ecological approach ; culture management ; Education (General) ; L7-991
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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