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  1. Article ; Online: Butane-related deaths in post-mortem investigations: A systematic review.

    Iacoponi, Naomi / Del Duca, Fabio / Marcacci, Ilaria / Occhipinti, Carla / Napoletano, Gabriele / Spadazzi, Federica / La Russa, Raffaele / Maiese, Aniello

    Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)

    2024  Volume 69, Page(s) 102442

    Abstract: Volatile substance abuse is widespread among adolescents due to its easy availability and methods of consumption. Inhalant abuse represents a current problematic issue, causing significant morbidity and mortality due to direct toxicity on several target ... ...

    Abstract Volatile substance abuse is widespread among adolescents due to its easy availability and methods of consumption. Inhalant abuse represents a current problematic issue, causing significant morbidity and mortality due to direct toxicity on several target organs and displacement of gas which results in a lack of oxygen. This review aims to evaluate post-mortem and toxicological investigations in cases of suspected butane intoxication. We performed comprehensive research using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) standards. Forty scientific papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 58 cases of butane-related deaths were found. Among these, we found 11 cases of suicide (18%), 1 case of homicide (2%), 44 cases of accidental poisoning (76%), and 2 cases of work-related deaths (4%). Autopsy and post-mortem examinations were performed in 54 cases, whereas toxicological analyses were presented in 56 cases. In autopsy, pulmonary edema (51%) and poli-visceral congestion (59%) were the most common findings. When death by butane inhalation is hypothesized, autopsy and histological findings may be nonspecific, therefore toxicological investigations assume a crucial role along with attention to the methods used to collect biological samples.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-30
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019555-2
    ISSN 1873-4162 ; 1344-6223
    ISSN (online) 1873-4162
    ISSN 1344-6223
    DOI 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102442
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: miRNAs and Substances Abuse: Clinical and Forensic Pathological Implications: A Systematic Review.

    Occhipinti, Carla / La Russa, Raffaele / Iacoponi, Naomi / Lazzari, Julia / Costantino, Andrea / Di Fazio, Nicola / Del Duca, Fabio / Maiese, Aniello / Fineschi, Vittorio

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 23

    Abstract: Substance addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive seeking and continued substance use, despite adverse consequences. The high prevalence and social burden of addiction are indisputable; however, the available ... ...

    Abstract Substance addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive seeking and continued substance use, despite adverse consequences. The high prevalence and social burden of addiction are indisputable; however, the available intervention is insufficient. The modulation of gene expression and aberrant adaptation of neural networks are attributed to the changes in brain functions under repeated exposure to addictive substances. Considerable studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are strong modulators of post-transcriptional gene expression in substance addiction. The emerging role of microRNA (miRNA) provides new insights into many biological and pathological processes in the central nervous system: their variable expression in different regions of the brain and tissues may play a key role in regulating the pathophysiological events of addiction. This work provides an overview of the current literature on miRNAs involved in addiction, evaluating their impaired expression and regulatory role in neuroadaptation and synaptic plasticity. Clinical implications of such modulatory capacities will be estimated. Specifically, it will evaluate the potential diagnostic role of miRNAs in the various stages of drug and substance addiction. Future perspectives about miRNAs as potential novel therapeutic targets for substance addiction and abuse will also be provided.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Substance-Related Disorders/metabolism ; Behavior, Addictive/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms242317122
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Expression of MicroRNAs in Sepsis-Related Organ Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.

    Maiese, Aniello / Scatena, Andrea / Costantino, Andrea / Chiti, Enrica / Occhipinti, Carla / La Russa, Raffaele / Di Paolo, Marco / Turillazzi, Emanuela / Frati, Paola / Fineschi, Vittorio

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 16

    Abstract: Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proliferating cells such as neutrophils and macrophages in response to microbial pathogens. Such processes lead to an abnormal inflammatory response and ... ...

    Abstract Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proliferating cells such as neutrophils and macrophages in response to microbial pathogens. Such processes lead to an abnormal inflammatory response and multi-organ failure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded non-coding RNAs with the function of gene regulation. This means that miRNAs are involved in multiple intracellular pathways and thus contribute to or inhibit inflammation. As a result, their variable expression in different tissues and organs may play a key role in regulating the pathophysiological events of sepsis. Thanks to this property, miRNAs may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in such life-threatening events. In this narrative review, we collect the results of recent studies on the expression of miRNAs in heart, blood, lung, liver, brain, and kidney during sepsis and the molecular processes in which they are involved. In reviewing the literature, we find at least 122 miRNAs and signaling pathways involved in sepsis-related organ dysfunction. This may help clinicians to detect, prevent, and treat sepsis-related organ failures early, although further studies are needed to deepen the knowledge of their potential contribution.
    MeSH term(s) Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Multiple Organ Failure/genetics ; Multiple Organ Failure/metabolism ; Sepsis/complications ; Sepsis/genetics ; Sepsis/metabolism
    Chemical Substances MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms23169354
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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