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  1. Article ; Online: Evaluating the Impact of Vehicular Aerosol Emissions on Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Formation Using Modeling Study

    Odón R. Sánchez-Ccoyllo / Alan Llacza / Elizabeth Ayma-Choque / Marcelo Alonso / Paula Castesana / Maria de Fatima Andrade

    Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 1816, p

    2022  Volume 1816

    Abstract: Automobile emissions in urban cities, such as Peru, are significant; however, there are no published studies of the effects of these emissions on PM 2.5 (fine particulate matter) formation. This study aims to analyze the contributions of vehicle aerosol ... ...

    Abstract Automobile emissions in urban cities, such as Peru, are significant; however, there are no published studies of the effects of these emissions on PM 2.5 (fine particulate matter) formation. This study aims to analyze the contributions of vehicle aerosol emissions to the surface mass concentration of PM 2.5 in the Metropolitan Area of Lima and Callao (MALC), one of the most polluted cities in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) known to have high concentrations of PM 2.5 . In February 2018, we performed two numerical simulations (control and sensitivity) using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). We considered both trace gasses and aerosol emissions from on-road traffic for the baseline simulation (hereinafter referred to as “control”); gasses without particulate emissions from vehicles were considered for the sensitivity simulation (hereinafter referred to as WithoutAerosol). For control, the model’s performance was evaluated using in situ on-ground PM 2.5 observations. The results of the predicted PM 2.5 concentration, temperature, and relative humidity at 2 m, with wind velocity at 10 m, indicated the accuracy of the model for the control scenario. The results for the WithoutAerosol scenario indicated that the contributions of vehicular trace gasses to secondary aerosols PM 2.5 concentrations was 12.7%; aerosol emissions from road traffic contributed to the direct emissions of fine aerosol (31.7 ± 22.6 µg/m 3 ).
    Keywords weather research and forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) model ; PM 2.5 concentration ; vehicular emissions ; atmospheric aerosol formation ; Metropolitan Area of Lima and Callao (MALC) ; urban air quality ; Meteorology. Climatology ; QC851-999
    Subject code 290
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Association between air pollution in Lima and the high incidence of COVID-19

    Bertha V. Vasquez-Apestegui / Enrique Parras-Garrido / Vilma Tapia / Valeria M. Paz-Aparicio / Jhojan P. Rojas / Odón R. Sanchez-Ccoyllo / Gustavo F. Gonzales

    BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    findings from a post hoc analysis

    2021  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the People’s Republic of China in December 2019. Thereafter, a global logarithmic expansion of cases occurred. Some countries have a higher rate of infections despite the early ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the People’s Republic of China in December 2019. Thereafter, a global logarithmic expansion of cases occurred. Some countries have a higher rate of infections despite the early implementation of quarantine. Air pollution might be related to high susceptibility to the virus and associated case fatality rates (deaths/cases*100). Lima, Peru, has the second highest incidence of COVID-19 in Latin America and also has one the highest levels of air pollution in the region. Methods This study investigated the association of levels of PM2.5 exposure in previous years (2010–2016) in 24 districts of Lima with cases, deaths and case fatality rates for COVID-19. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate this association controlled by age, sex, population density and number of food markets per district. The study period was from March 6 to June 12, 2020. Results There were 128,700 cases in Lima and 2382 deaths due to COVID-19. The case fatality rate was 1.93%. Previous exposure to PM2.5 (2010—2016) was associated with the number of COVID-19- cases (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.034–0.107) and deaths (β = 0.0014; 95% CI: 0.0006–0.0.0023) but not with the case fatality rate. Conclusions After adjusting for age, sex and number of food markets, the higher rates of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Lima are attributable to the increased PM2.5 exposure in the previous years, among other reasons. Reduction in air pollution from a long-term perspective and social distancing are needed to prevent the spread of virus outbreaks.
    Keywords Air pollution ; Social distancing ; Particulate matter ; Long-term exposure ; Fatality rate ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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