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Article: Face masks drive increased rational decision-making.

Fatfouta, Ramzi / Oganian, Yulia

Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)

2022 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Face masks play a pivotal role in the control of respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite their widespread use, little is known about how face masks affect human social interaction. Using unique experimental data collected ... ...

Abstract	Face masks play a pivotal role in the control of respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite their widespread use, little is known about how face masks affect human social interaction. Using unique experimental data collected early on in the pandemic, we investigate how facial occlusion by face masks alters socio-economic exchange. In a behavioral economics study (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2021598-8
ISSN	1936-4733 ; 1046-1310
ISSN (online)	1936-4733
ISSN	1046-1310
DOI	10.1007/s12144-022-03895-1
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Article ; Online: Vowel and formant representation in the human auditory speech cortex.

Oganian, Yulia / Bhaya-Grossman, Ilina / Johnson, Keith / Chang, Edward F

Neuron

2023 Volume 111, Issue 13, Page(s) 2105–2118.e4

Abstract: Vowels, a fundamental component of human speech across all languages, are cued acoustically by formants, resonance frequencies of the vocal tract shape during speaking. An outstanding question in neurolinguistics is how formants are processed neurally ... ...

Abstract	Vowels, a fundamental component of human speech across all languages, are cued acoustically by formants, resonance frequencies of the vocal tract shape during speaking. An outstanding question in neurolinguistics is how formants are processed neurally during speech perception. To address this, we collected high-density intracranial recordings from the human speech cortex on the superior temporal gyrus (STG) while participants listened to continuous speech. We found that two-dimensional receptive fields based on the first two formants provided the best characterization of vowel sound representation. Neural activity at single sites was highly selective for zones in this formant space. Furthermore, formant tuning is adjusted dynamically for speaker-specific spectral context. However, the entire population of formant-encoding sites was required to accurately decode single vowels. Overall, our results reveal that complex acoustic tuning in the two-dimensional formant space underlies local vowel representations in STG. As a population code, this gives rise to phonological vowel perception.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Speech ; Phonetics ; Auditory Perception ; Speech Perception ; Auditory Cortex
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	808167-0
ISSN	1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
ISSN (online)	1097-4199
ISSN	0896-6273
DOI	10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.004
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Zs.A 2496: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 92: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A speech envelope landmark for syllable encoding in human superior temporal gyrus.

Oganian, Yulia / Chang, Edward F

Science advances

2019 Volume 5, Issue 11, Page(s) eaay6279

Abstract: The most salient acoustic features in speech are the modulations in its intensity, captured by the amplitude envelope. Perceptually, the envelope is necessary for speech comprehension. Yet, the neural computations that represent the envelope and their ... ...

Abstract	The most salient acoustic features in speech are the modulations in its intensity, captured by the amplitude envelope. Perceptually, the envelope is necessary for speech comprehension. Yet, the neural computations that represent the envelope and their linguistic implications are heavily debated. We used high-density intracranial recordings, while participants listened to speech, to determine how the envelope is represented in human speech cortical areas on the superior temporal gyrus (STG). We found that a well-defined zone in middle STG detects acoustic onset edges (local maxima in the envelope rate of change). Acoustic analyses demonstrated that timing of acoustic onset edges cues syllabic nucleus onsets, while their slope cues syllabic stress. Synthesized amplitude-modulated tone stimuli showed that steeper slopes elicited greater responses, confirming cortical encoding of amplitude change, not absolute amplitude. Overall, STG encoding of the timing and magnitude of acoustic onset edges underlies the perception of speech temporal structure.
MeSH term(s)	Acoustic Stimulation ; Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Phonons ; Speech ; Speech Perception ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.aay6279
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Article ; Online: The neurocognitive signature of focus alternatives.

Spalek, Katharina / Oganian, Yulia

Brain and language

2019 Volume 194, Page(s) 98–108

Abstract: Focus alternatives are words/phrases that can substitute for the focused constituent of an utterance. In "Carsten has picked [CHERRIES] ...

Abstract	Focus alternatives are words/phrases that can substitute for the focused constituent of an utterance. In "Carsten has picked [CHERRIES]
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Comprehension ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/diagnostic imaging ; Parietal Lobe/physiopathology ; Semantics ; Speech Acoustics ; Speech Perception ; Temporal Lobe/diagnostic imaging ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	7448-2
ISSN	1090-2155 ; 0093-934X
ISSN (online)	1090-2155
ISSN	0093-934X
DOI	10.1016/j.bandl.2019.04.007
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Zs.A 1063: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Latent neural dynamics encode temporal context in speech.

Stephen, Emily P / Li, Yuanning / Metzger, Sean / Oganian, Yulia / Chang, Edward F

Hearing research

2023 Volume 437, Page(s) 108838

Abstract: Direct neural recordings from human auditory cortex have demonstrated encoding for acoustic-phonetic features of consonants and vowels. Neural responses also encode distinct acoustic amplitude cues related to timing, such as those that occur at the onset ...

Abstract	Direct neural recordings from human auditory cortex have demonstrated encoding for acoustic-phonetic features of consonants and vowels. Neural responses also encode distinct acoustic amplitude cues related to timing, such as those that occur at the onset of a sentence after a silent period or the onset of the vowel in each syllable. Here, we used a group reduced rank regression model to show that distributed cortical responses support a low-dimensional latent state representation of temporal context in speech. The timing cues each capture more unique variance than all other phonetic features and exhibit rotational or cyclical dynamics in latent space from activity that is widespread over the superior temporal gyrus. We propose that these spatially distributed timing signals could serve to provide temporal context for, and possibly bind across time, the concurrent processing of individual phonetic features, to compose higher-order phonological (e.g. word-level) representations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Speech/physiology ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Phonetics ; Acoustic Stimulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	282629-x
ISSN	1878-5891 ; 0378-5955
ISSN (online)	1878-5891
ISSN	0378-5955
DOI	10.1016/j.heares.2023.108838
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Zs.A 1467: Show issues

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Book ; Thesis: Cognitive and neural mechanisms of bilingual decision making

Oganian, Yulia

From visual word processing to decisions under risk

2015

Abstract: In the four contributions of this cumulative dissertation cognitive and neural aspects of bilingual visual word recognition and lexical decision making are investigated, using the case of bilingual subjects with native language German and second language ...

Title translation	Kognitive und neuronale Mechanismen bilingualer Entscheidungsprozesse: Von visueller Wortverarbeitung zu Entscheidungen unter Risiko
Abstract	In the four contributions of this cumulative dissertation cognitive and neural aspects of bilingual visual word recognition and lexical decision making are investigated, using the case of bilingual subjects with native language German and second language English. - (1) Oganian, Y., Froehlich, E., Schlickeiser, U., Hofmann, M., Heekeren, H.R. & Jacobs, A. M. (2016) Slower perception followed by faster lexical decision in longer words: A diffusion model analysis. Frontiers in Psychology. 6:1958. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01958. (2) Oganian, Y., Conrad, M., Aryani, A., Heekeren H.R., Spalek, K. (2015, in press). Interplay of bigram frequency and orthographic neighborhood statistics in language membership decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. (3) Oganian, Y., Conrad, M., Aryani, A., Spalek, K., & Heekeren H. R. (2015). Activation patterns throughout the word processing network of L1-dominant bilinguals reflect language similarity and identity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 27 (11): 2197-2214. DOI: 10.1162/jocn a 00853. (4) Oganian, Y., Korn, C. W., & Heekeren H.R. (2016). Language switching - but not foreign language use per se - reduces the framing effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Language, Memory, and Cognition. 42 (1): 140-148. DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000161.
Keywords	Bilingualism ; Cerebral Blood Flow ; Code Switching ; Cognition ; Cognitive Neuroscience ; Foreign Languages ; Framing Effects ; Framing-Effekte ; Fremdsprachen ; Kognition (Erkenntnisprozess) ; Kognitive Neurowissenschaft ; Lexical Decision ; Lexikalische Entscheidung ; Sprachkodewechsel ; Word Recognition ; Worterkennen ; Zerebrale Durchblutung ; Zweisprachigkeit
Language	English
Size	97 S.
Publisher	Freie Universität, Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie
Publishing place	Berlin
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Note	Elektronische Publikation im Internet. Kumulative Dissertation
Database	PSYNDEX

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Book ; Thesis: Cognitive and neural mechanisms of bilingual decision making

Oganian, Yulia

From visual word processing to decisions under risk

2015

Abstract: In the four contributions of this cumulative dissertation cognitive and neuronal aspects of bilingual word recognition and decision making are investigated, using the case of bilingual persons with native language German and second language English. - (1) ...

Title translation	Kognitive und neuronale Mechanismen bilingualer Entscheidungsprozesse: Von visueller Wortverarbeitung zu Entscheidungen unter Risiko
Abstract	In the four contributions of this cumulative dissertation cognitive and neuronal aspects of bilingual word recognition and decision making are investigated, using the case of bilingual persons with native language German and second language English. - (1) Oganian, Y., Froehlich, E., Schlickeiser, U., Hofmann, M., Heekeren, H. R. & Jacobs, A. M. (2016) Slower perception followed by faster lexical decision in longer words: A diffusion model analysis. Frontiers in Psychology. 6:1958. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01958. (2) Oganian, Y., Conrad, M., Aryani, A., Heekeren H. R., Spalek, K. (2015). Interplay of bigram frequency and orthographic neighborhood statistics in language membership decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728915000292. (3) Oganian, Y., Conrad, M., Aryani, A., Spalek, K., & Heekeren H. R. (2015). Activation patterns throughout the word processing network of L1-dominant bilinguals reflect language similarity and identity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 27 (11): 2197-2214. DOI: 10.1162/jocn a 00853. (4) Oganian, Y., Korn, C. W. & Heekeren H. R. (2016). Language switching - but not foreign language use per se - reduces the framing effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Language, Memory, and Cognition, 42 (1), 140-148. DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000161.
Keywords	Bilingualism ; Brain ; Code Switching ; Cognitive Neuroscience ; Englisch als Zweitsprache ; English as Second Language ; Framing Effects ; Framing-Effekte ; Gehirn ; Kognitive Neurowissenschaft ; Lexical Decision ; Lexikalische Entscheidung ; Mental Lexicon ; Mentales Lexikon ; Sprachkodewechsel ; Textverarbeitung ; Word Processing ; Word Recognition ; Worterkennen ; Zweisprachigkeit
Language	English
Size	97 pp.
Publisher	Freie Universität, Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie
Publishing place	Berlin
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Note	Elektronische Publikation im Internet. Kumulative Dissertation
Database	PSYNDEX

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Book ; Online: Bargaining under social distancing requirements

Fatfouta, Ramzi / Oganian, Yulia

Effects of face masks on socio-economic decision-making in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020

Abstract: Face masks play a pivotal role in the control and prevention of respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite their widespread use, it is not known how face masks affect human social interaction. In this behavioral economics ... ...

Abstract	Face masks play a pivotal role in the control and prevention of respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite their widespread use, it is not known how face masks affect human social interaction. In this behavioral economics study (N = 475), we examined how mask-wearing modulates individuals’ likelihood of acceptance of unfair monetary offers in an iterated social exchange. Overall, participants accepted more offers, including more unfair offers, from mask-wearing opponents than from opponents without a mask. This effect was enhanced when participants ascribed more altruistic motives to their interaction partner. Importantly, this pattern of results was only present for surgical face masks, but not when a non-medical cloth face covering was used. This is the first study to uncover a new phenomenon, the face-mask effect, in which face masks can alter human social behavior.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	Center for Open Science
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
DOI	10.31234/osf.io/cn7by
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Parallel and distributed encoding of speech across human auditory cortex.

Hamilton, Liberty S / Oganian, Yulia / Hall, Jeffery / Chang, Edward F

Cell

2021 Volume 184, Issue 18, Page(s) 4626–4639.e13

Abstract: Speech perception is thought to rely on a cortical feedforward serial transformation of acoustic into linguistic representations. Using intracranial recordings across the entire human auditory cortex, electrocortical stimulation, and surgical ablation, ... ...

Abstract	Speech perception is thought to rely on a cortical feedforward serial transformation of acoustic into linguistic representations. Using intracranial recordings across the entire human auditory cortex, electrocortical stimulation, and surgical ablation, we show that cortical processing across areas is not consistent with a serial hierarchical organization. Instead, response latency and receptive field analyses demonstrate parallel and distinct information processing in the primary and nonprimary auditory cortices. This functional dissociation was also observed where stimulation of the primary auditory cortex evokes auditory hallucination but does not distort or interfere with speech perception. Opposite effects were observed during stimulation of nonprimary cortex in superior temporal gyrus. Ablation of the primary auditory cortex does not affect speech perception. These results establish a distributed functional organization of parallel information processing throughout the human auditory cortex and demonstrate an essential independent role for nonprimary auditory cortex in speech processing.
MeSH term(s)	Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Electrodes ; Electronic Data Processing ; Humans ; Phonetics ; Pitch Perception ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Speech/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.019
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Zs.A 1167: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 58: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Phase Alignment of Low-Frequency Neural Activity to the Amplitude Envelope of Speech Reflects Evoked Responses to Acoustic Edges, Not Oscillatory Entrainment.

Oganian, Yulia / Kojima, Katsuaki / Breska, Assaf / Cai, Chang / Findlay, Anne / Chang, Edward / Nagarajan, Srikantan S

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2023 Volume 43, Issue 21, Page(s) 3909–3921

Abstract: The amplitude envelope of speech is crucial for accurate comprehension. Considered a key stage in speech processing, the phase of neural activity in the theta-delta bands (1-10 Hz) tracks the phase of the speech amplitude envelope during listening. ... ...

Abstract	The amplitude envelope of speech is crucial for accurate comprehension. Considered a key stage in speech processing, the phase of neural activity in the theta-delta bands (1-10 Hz) tracks the phase of the speech amplitude envelope during listening. However, the mechanisms underlying this envelope representation have been heavily debated. A dominant model posits that envelope tracking reflects entrainment of endogenous low-frequency oscillations to the speech envelope. Alternatively, envelope tracking reflects a series of evoked responses to acoustic landmarks within the envelope. It has proven challenging to distinguish these two mechanisms. To address this, we recorded MEG while participants (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Speech/physiology ; Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Auditory Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1663-22.2023
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