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  1. Article ; Online: Recent Updates and Technological Developments in Evaluating Cardiac Syncope in the Emergency Department.

    Ojha, Utkarsh / Ayathamattam, James / Okonkwo, Kenneth / Ogunmwonyi, Innocent

    Current cardiology reviews

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e210422203887

    Abstract: Syncope is a commonly encountered problem in the emergency department (ED), accounting for approximately 3% of presenting complaints. Clinical assessment of syncope can be challenging due to the diverse range of conditions that can precipitate the ... ...

    Abstract Syncope is a commonly encountered problem in the emergency department (ED), accounting for approximately 3% of presenting complaints. Clinical assessment of syncope can be challenging due to the diverse range of conditions that can precipitate the symptom. Annual mortality for patients presenting with syncope ranges from 0-12%, and if the syncope is secondary to a cardiac cause, then this figure rises to 18-33%. In ED, it is paramount to accurately identify those presenting with syncope, especially patients with an underlying cardiac aetiology, initiate appropriate management, and refer them for further investigations. In 2018, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) updated its guidelines with regard to diagnosing and managing patients with syncope. We highlight recent developments and considerations in various components of the workup, such as history, physical examination, investigations, risk stratification, and novel biomarkers, since the establishment of the 2018 ESC guidelines. We further discuss the emerging role of artificial intelligence in diagnosing cardiac syncope and postulate how wearable technology may transform evaluating cardiac syncope in ED.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Syncope/diagnosis ; Syncope/etiology ; Syncope/therapy ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Cardiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-19
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1875-6557
    ISSN (online) 1875-6557
    DOI 10.2174/1573403X18666220421110935
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The genetic and epigenetic contributions to the development of nutritional rickets.

    Ogunmwonyi, Innocent / Adebajo, Adewale / Wilkinson, Jeremy Mark

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 1059034

    Abstract: Nutritional rickets is an important disease in global health. Although nutritional rickets commonly manifests as bony deformities, there is an increased risk of life-threatening seizures secondary to hypocalcaemia. Dietary vitamin D deficiency is ... ...

    Abstract Nutritional rickets is an important disease in global health. Although nutritional rickets commonly manifests as bony deformities, there is an increased risk of life-threatening seizures secondary to hypocalcaemia. Dietary vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of nutritional rickets among children and infants. This is especially true in populations of darker skinned individuals in high-latitude environments due to decreased ultraviolet light exposure, and in populations in tropical and subtropical climates due to cultural practices. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that genetic factors might influence the likelihood of developing nutritional rickets by influencing an individual's susceptibility to develop deficiencies in vitamin D and/or calcium. This evidence has been drawn from a variety of different techniques ranging from traditional twin studies to next generation sequencing techniques. Additionally, the role of the epigenome in the development of rickets, although poorly understood, may be related to the effects of DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs on genes involved in bone metabolism. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence that investigates the genetic and epigenetic determinants of nutritional rickets.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Infant ; Humans ; Rickets/genetics ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; Vitamins ; Epigenesis, Genetic
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022.1059034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Gene Mutations in Cushing's Syndrome.

    Ojha, Utkarsh / Ogunmwonyi, Innocent / Xiang, Jinpo / Ojha, Harsh

    Molecular syndromology

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 459–470

    Abstract: Background: Prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids can result in the development of Cushing's syndrome. Excess serum cortisol can occur due to several factors including exogenous steroids, pituitary and adrenal adenoma, and ectopic ACTH secretion.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids can result in the development of Cushing's syndrome. Excess serum cortisol can occur due to several factors including exogenous steroids, pituitary and adrenal adenoma, and ectopic ACTH secretion.
    Summary: The last 2 decades have seen significant progress in identifying new genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying hypercortisolemia. This has implicated mutations seen in a multitude of aberrant pathways that underpin the pathophysiology of Cushing's syndrome.
    Key messages: There is much overlap between the different, with mutations affecting well-understood molecular pathways such as the cAMP/PKA/MAPK and Wnt signalling systems. Further work should delineate the exact involvement of specific mutations in Cushing's syndrome and the effect of epigenetic/microenvironmental interactions. This could have implications for screening, as the identification of specific mutations may lead to earlier identification and subsequently improved prognosis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2546218-0
    ISSN 1661-8777 ; 1661-8769
    ISSN (online) 1661-8777
    ISSN 1661-8769
    DOI 10.1159/000524267
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Breast cancer: presentation, investigation and management.

    Katsura, Chie / Ogunmwonyi, Innocent / Kankam, Hadyn Kn / Saha, Sunita

    British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)

    2022  Volume 83, Issue 2, Page(s) 1–7

    Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common global malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite this, undergraduate and postgraduate exposure to breast cancer is limited, impacting on the ability of clinicians to accurately recognise, assess and refer ...

    Abstract Breast cancer is the most common global malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite this, undergraduate and postgraduate exposure to breast cancer is limited, impacting on the ability of clinicians to accurately recognise, assess and refer appropriate patients. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, referral pathways and management of breast cancer in the UK. It also describes how to conduct a thorough clinical breast examination.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Referral and Consultation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1750-8460
    ISSN 1750-8460
    DOI 10.12968/hmed.2021.0459
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Contemporary Considerations in the Evolution of Wearable Technology for Arrhythmia Detection.

    Joseph, Tobin / Barrie, Mahmoud / Karimi, Akbar / Haque, Sharmi / Ogunmwonyi, Innocent / Ojha, Utkarsh

    Current cardiology reviews

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 6, Page(s) 93–99

    Abstract: Arrhythmias are an increasingly common cause of hospital admissions worldwide. Late detection of arrhythmias is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Early identification and management of life-threatening ... ...

    Abstract Arrhythmias are an increasingly common cause of hospital admissions worldwide. Late detection of arrhythmias is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Early identification and management of life-threatening arrhythmias is paramount to reduce mortality. Wearable technologies are now widespread among the general population, providing a continuous output of healthcare data. However, this data are not routinely integrated into clinical practice. Here, we begin by outlining the current landscape in wearable technology for aiding arrhythmia detection; we then consider the clinical impact of wearable technology for both clinicians and patients; we further highlight the latest and emerging trials in wearable technology for arrhythmia detection and finally postulate the wider implications of the expansion of such cardiac devices.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-12
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1875-6557
    ISSN (online) 1875-6557
    DOI 10.2174/1573403X19666230811093048
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  6. Article: Barriers to implementing a health policy curriculum in medical schools.

    Mohammed, Raihan / Shah Foridi, Jamil / Ogunmwonyi, Innocent

    Advances in medical education and practice

    2017  Volume 9, Page(s) 5–6

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-21
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2578539-4
    ISSN 1179-7258
    ISSN 1179-7258
    DOI 10.2147/AMEP.S156762
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Variation in Experiences and Attainment in Surgery Between Ethnicities of UK Medical Students and Doctors (ATTAIN): Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study.

    Babiker, Samar / Ogunmwonyi, Innocent / Georgi, Maria W / Tan, Lawrence / Haque, Sharmi / Mullins, William / Singh, Prisca / Ang, Nadya / Fu, Howell / Patel, Krunal / Khera, Jevan / Fricker, Monty / Fleming, Simon / Giwa-Brown, Lolade / A Brennan, Peter / Irune, Ekpemi / Vig, Stella / Nathan, Arjun

    JMIR research protocols

    2023  Volume 12, Page(s) e40545

    Abstract: Background: The unequal distribution of academic and professional outcomes between different minority groups is a pervasive issue in many fields, including surgery. The implications of differential attainment remain significant, not only for the ... ...

    Abstract Background: The unequal distribution of academic and professional outcomes between different minority groups is a pervasive issue in many fields, including surgery. The implications of differential attainment remain significant, not only for the individuals affected but also for the wider health care system. An inclusive health care system is crucial in meeting the needs of an increasingly diverse patient population, thereby leading to better outcomes. One barrier to diversifying the workforce is the differential attainment in educational outcomes between Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) and White medical students and doctors in the United Kingdom. BME trainees are known to have lower performance rates in medical examinations, including undergraduate and postgraduate exams, Annual Review of Competence Progression, as well as training and consultant job applications. Studies have shown that BME candidates have a higher likelihood of failing both parts of the Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons exams and are 10% less likely to be considered suitable for core surgical training. Several contributing factors have been identified; however, there has been limited evidence investigating surgical training experiences and their relationship to differential attainment. To understand the nature of differential attainment in surgery and to develop effective strategies to address it, it is essential to examine the underlying causes and contributing factors. The Variation in Experiences and Attainment in Surgery Between Ethnicities of UK Medical Students and Doctors (ATTAIN) study aims to describe and compare the factors and outcomes of attainment between different ethnicities of doctors and medical students.
    Objective: The primary aim will be to compare the effect of experiences and perceptions of surgical education of students and doctors of different ethnicities.
    Methods: This protocol describes a nationwide cross-sectional study of medical students and nonconsultant grade doctors in the United Kingdom. Participants will complete a web-based questionnaire collecting data on experiences and perceptions of surgical placements as well as self-reported academic attainment data. A comprehensive data collection strategy will be used to collect a representative sample of the population. A set of surrogate markers relevant to surgical training will be used to establish a primary outcome to determine variations in attainment. Regression analyses will be used to identify potential causes for the variation in attainment.
    Results: Data collected between February 2022 and September 2022 yielded 1603 respondents. Data analysis is yet to be competed. The protocol was approved by the University College London Research Ethics Committee on September 16, 2021 (ethics approval reference 19071/004). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
    Conclusions: Drawing upon the conclusions of this study, we aim to make recommendations on educational policy reforms. Additionally, the creation of a large, comprehensive data set can be used for further research.
    International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/40545.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-16
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719222-2
    ISSN 1929-0748
    ISSN 1929-0748
    DOI 10.2196/40545
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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