Article ; Online: Relationship between hemagglutinin stability and influenza virus persistence after exposure to low pH or supraphysiological heating.
2021 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e1009910
Abstract: The hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein is triggered by endosomal low pH to cause membrane fusion during influenza A virus (IAV) entry yet must remain sufficiently stable to avoid premature activation during virion transit between cells and hosts. HA ...
| Abstract | The hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein is triggered by endosomal low pH to cause membrane fusion during influenza A virus (IAV) entry yet must remain sufficiently stable to avoid premature activation during virion transit between cells and hosts. HA activation pH and/or virion inactivation pH values less than pH 5.6 are thought to be required for IAV airborne transmissibility and human pandemic potential. To enable higher-throughput screening of emerging IAV strains for "humanized" stability, we developed a luciferase reporter assay that measures the threshold pH at which IAVs are inactivated. The reporter assay yielded results similar to TCID50 assay yet required one-fourth the time and one-tenth the virus. For four A/TN/09 (H1N1) HA mutants and 73 IAVs of varying subtype, virion inactivation pH was compared to HA activation pH and the rate of inactivation during 55°C heating. HA stability values correlated highly with virion acid and thermal stability values for isogenic viruses containing HA point mutations. HA stability also correlated with virion acid stability for human isolates but did not correlate with thermal stability at 55°C, raising doubt in the use of supraphysiological heating assays. Some animal isolates had virion inactivation pH values lower than HA activation pH, suggesting factors beyond HA stability can modulate virion stability. The coupling of HA activation pH and virion inactivation pH, and at a value below 5.6, was associated with human adaptation. This suggests that both virologic properties should be considered in risk assessment algorithms for pandemic potential. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Animals ; Dogs ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology ; Protein Stability ; Virion/physiology |
| Chemical Substances | H1N1 virus hemagglutinin ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-09-03 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ZDB-ID | 2205412-1 |
| ISSN | 1553-7374 ; 1553-7366 |
| ISSN (online) | 1553-7374 |
| ISSN | 1553-7366 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009910 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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