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Article ; Online: Genetic Diversity for Grain Nutrients Content in Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Germplasm

Ojulong, H F / Manyasa, E / Patrick, S / Oduori, H / Adikini, S / Nyaligwa, L / Mushoriwa, H

2023

Abstract: Knowledge of existing genetic variability is essential for initiating a successful plant breeding program. This chapter reviews nutrient diversity studies conducted on finger millet germplasm globally. In all the studies, very high variability was ... ...

Abstract	Knowledge of existing genetic variability is essential for initiating a successful plant breeding program. This chapter reviews nutrient diversity studies conducted on finger millet germplasm globally. In all the studies, very high variability was observed in all the quality traits determined. Most of the nutrients were positively correlated with each other, implying that they can simultaneously be improved. Grain color and glume covering were associated with nutrient content, with darker grains having higher compared to white-colored and enclosed grains having higher nutrient content than intermediate covered having higher content. These two can be used as morphological markers. Local cultivars and varieties released in the East and South Asia (ESA) region had significantly lower levels of the main essential nutrients (Ca, Fe, and Zn) found in finger millet, most likely as a result of farmers selecting for varieties with brown-colored grain. Country of origin was highly significant for all the nutrients, with accessions from eastern and southern Africa having significantly lower nutrient contents. Grain color was associated with nutrient content with darker grains having higher compared to white colored. All nutrients were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with each other. Grain yield was not significantly correlated with any nutrient content. The substantial variability for the grain nutrients observed in the finger millet core collection and local germplasm indicates the possibility for the selection of nutrient-rich accessions for use in the breeding programs
Keywords	Finger Millet ; Genetics and Genomics ; Germplasm
Subject code	580
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publisher	CRC Press
Publishing country	in
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genomic and phenotypic characterization of finger millet indicates a complex diversification history

Bančič, J / Odeny, D A / Ojulong, H F / Josiah, S M / Buntjer, J / Gaynor, R C / Hoad, S P / Gorjanc, G

2023

Abstract: Advances in sequencing technologies mean that insights into crop diversification can now be explored in crops beyond major staples. We use a genome assembly of finger millet, an allotetraploid orphan crop, to analyze DArTseq single nucleotide ... ...

Abstract	Advances in sequencing technologies mean that insights into crop diversification can now be explored in crops beyond major staples. We use a genome assembly of finger millet, an allotetraploid orphan crop, to analyze DArTseq single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the whole and sub-genome level. A set of 8778 SNPs and 13 agronomic traits was used to characterize a diverse panel of 423 landraces from Africa and Asia. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components, four distinct groups of accessions were identified that coincided with the primary geographic regions of finger millet cultivation. Notably, East Africa, presumed to be the crop's origin, exhibited the lowest genetic diversity. The PCA of phenotypic data also revealed geographic differentiation, albeit with differing relationships among geographic areas than indicated with genomic data. Further exploration of the sub-genomes A and B using neighbor-joining trees revealed distinct features that provide supporting evidence for the complex evolutionary history of finger millet. Although genome-wide association study found only a limited number of significant marker-trait associations, a clustering approach based on the distribution of marker effects obtained from a ridge regression genomic model was employed to investigate trait complexity. This analysis uncovered two distinct clusters. Overall, the findings suggest that finger millet has undergone complex and context-specific diversification, indicative of a lengthy domestication history. These analyses provide insights for the future development of finger millet.
Keywords	Finger Millet ; Genetics and Genomics
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-20
Publisher	Crop Science Society of America
Publishing country	in
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel sources of resistance to blast disease in finger millet

Dida, M M / Oduori, C A / Manthi, S J / Avosa, M O / Mikwa, E O / Ojulong, H F / Odeny, D A

2021

Abstract: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana(L.) Gaertn. subsp.coracana) is the most importantmillet in eastern Africa and perhaps the oldest domesticated cereal grain in Africa.One of the major factors limiting finger millet production is blast disease caused bythe ...

Abstract	Finger millet (Eleusine coracana(L.) Gaertn. subsp.coracana) is the most importantmillet in eastern Africa and perhaps the oldest domesticated cereal grain in Africa.One of the major factors limiting finger millet production is blast disease caused bythe fungusMagnaporthe grisea. Crop wild relatives and landraces present a poten-tial source of novel genes. This study investigated the response of cultivated and wildrelatives of finger millet to an isolate of blast disease from western Kenya. Previousgermplasm collections were purified through two generations of single-seed descentbefore screening alongside improved and farmer-preferred varieties (FPVs) under ascreen house across three seasons. Farmer-preferred varieties were identified throughparticipatory varietal selection (PVS). The plants were inoculated twice during eachgrowth period using hand-spraying method and data on disease incidence recorded atgrain-filling stage. Genotypic data was generated using diversity arrays technology(DArT) sequencing and data analysis done using Genstat 18.2 and TASSEL 5.2.58.We observed high heritability (81%), indicating that the variation observed was pre-dominantly genetic. Wild accessions were generally more resistant to the disease incomparison to the cultivated accessions. Preliminary genome-wide association study(GWAS) using general linear model with principal component analysis led to theidentification of 19 markers associated with blast disease that will be be developedinto assays for genotype quality control and trait introgression. Wild accessions andlandraces of finger millet present a good reservoir for novel genes that can be incor-porated into crop improvement programs.
Keywords	Cereals ; Finger Millet ; Plant Disease
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publisher	Crop Science Society of America
Publishing country	in
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sorghum production practices in an integrated crop-livestock production system in Makueni county, eastern Kenya

Dorcas, K / Koech, O K / Kinama, J M / Chemining’wa, G N / Ojulong, H F

2019

Abstract: Productivity of sorghum has been below potential in arid and semi-arid lands of Kenya, due to poor agronomic practices and soil nutrient deficiency. Sorghum crop is fairly drought tolerant, resistant to waterlogging, and yields are reasonably better in ... ...

Abstract	Productivity of sorghum has been below potential in arid and semi-arid lands of Kenya, due to poor agronomic practices and soil nutrient deficiency. Sorghum crop is fairly drought tolerant, resistant to waterlogging, and yields are reasonably better in infertile soils compared to other crops. Proper agronomic practices would significantly increase yields as well as nutrient content in grains and crop residues used as livestock feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the existing sorghum production practices and sorghum use as food and feed sources. A survey involving 90 farmers from sorghum producing areas in Makueni County was conducted. The survey focused on the varieties and fertilizers used, trends in yields, constraints to sorghum production and the present strategies used for sorghum as animal feed. Most farmers (84.4%) used uncertified seeds from own saved sources, and the commonly grown variety was Seredo (44.5%) due to resistance to bird damage. The majority (32.1%) of farmers recorded very low yield of sorghum grain, from151 to 250 kg ha-1. Most farmers (68.9%) used farmyard manure in sorghum production, while 30.9% of the farmers did not use any fertilizer. All farmers indicated that their greatest challenge in sorghum production was inadequate rainfall. Bird damage to the crop was a chronic problem to most (73.3%) farmers. The majority (58.9%) of farmers conserved sorghum residue for feed as hay. The findings show the need to provide technical information and guidance on the production practices, such as choosing best-yielding seed varieties, proper methods of pest and disease control and proper use and conservation of sorghum residue as animal feed.
Keywords	Livestock ; Sorghum ; Kenya
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publisher	Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán
Publishing country	in
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: A combined ex-post/ex-ante impact analysis for improved sorghum and finger millet varieties in Uganda, Socioeconomics Discussion Paper Series Number 19

Gierend, A / Ojulong, H F / Wanyera, N

2014

Abstract: This country-level impact study for Uganda combines ex-post and ex-ante estimation of research gains from improved sorghum and finger millet varieties developed by the National breeding program of Uganda together with its collaboration partners from ... ...

Abstract	This country-level impact study for Uganda combines ex-post and ex-ante estimation of research gains from improved sorghum and finger millet varieties developed by the National breeding program of Uganda together with its collaboration partners from international, national research institutions such as ICRISAT and private companies.
Keywords	Finger Millet
Language	English
Publisher	International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Publishing country	in
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: A combined ex-post/ex-ante impact analysis for improved sorghum and finger millet varieties in Uganda, Socioeconomics Discussion Paper Series Number 19

Gierend, A / Ojulong, H F / Wanyera, N

2014

Abstract	This country-level impact study for Uganda combines ex-post and ex-ante estimation of research gains from improved sorghum and finger millet varieties developed by the National breeding program of Uganda together with its collaboration partners from international, national research institutions such as ICRISAT and private companies.
Keywords	Finger Millet
Language	English
Publisher	International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Publishing country	in
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Agromorphological Performance and Character Association of Finger Millet under Varying Phosphorus Regimes

Wafula, W N / Korir, N K / Siambi, M / Ojulong, H F / Gweyi-Onyango, J P

2017

Abstract: Finger millet production on more than 30% of world arable land is limited by P availability and more than 70% in the semi-arid and marginalized areas which covers most of the Sub-Saharan Africa. Phosphorus is one of the most important elements ... ...

Abstract	Finger millet production on more than 30% of world arable land is limited by P availability and more than 70% in the semi-arid and marginalized areas which covers most of the Sub-Saharan Africa. Phosphorus is one of the most important elements significantly affecting plant growth and metabolism. Three finger millet varieties (U-15, P-224 and Ikhulule) were evaluated under four P fertilizer levels (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5) at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Station, Alupe and the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Station, Kakamega during the long and short rainy seasons of 2015 with the aim of determining their agromorphological response and trait associations. The on-station experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The statistical analysis of phosphorus levels and variety exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) to stand vigor, plant height, leaf blade length, number of leaves and lodging. The results revealed that application of 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate led to the tallest plants (65.0 cm), longest leaf blades (58.0 cm) and highest number of leaves per plant (16) at Alupe site while 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate eliciting the tallest plants (58.79 cm), longest leaf blades (51.44 cm) and highest number of leaves per plant (13) at Kakamega site. The highest rate led to the greatest vigor in both sites for both seasons while the control had the poorest vigor. Variety P-224 showed the highest lodging count with 32 out of 246 plants per experimental unit during the rainy season at Kakamega. The unit increase in grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with increased values of the harvest index (r=0.375), number of leaves (r=0.393) and plant height (r=0.431) but negatively and significantly correlated to the 1000-grain mass (r=-0.578) and lodging (r=-0.233). The best phosphorus treatment for most of the parameters was 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 at Alupe while maximum levels of the study parameters were realized under the 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate at Kakamega.
Keywords	Finger Millet ; Soil Fertility
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publisher	Macrothink Institute
Publishing country	in
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Fodder Yield Potential and Nutritive Value under Different Levels of Phosphorus in Rainfed Conditions

Wafula, W N / Siambi, M / Ojulong, H F / Korir, N / Gweyi-Onyango, J

2017

Abstract: Scarcity of fodder is the major limiting factor for increasing livestock production in Kenya. With rising energy costs and declining water levels in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics, crops that use less water like finger millet could become an ... ...

Abstract	Scarcity of fodder is the major limiting factor for increasing livestock production in Kenya. With rising energy costs and declining water levels in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics, crops that use less water like finger millet could become an alternate fodder crop. The fodder potential of three finger millet varieties (U-15, P-224 and a local check) were evaluated under four P fertilizer levels (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5) at three sites in Kenya for two cropping seasons. The trials were laid in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement and replicated three times. A maximum of 28,189 kg ha-1 fresh stover yield was realized in the 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 treatment and consequently 11,616 kg ha-1 dry stover yield. The 25 kg ha-1 rate elicited the highest fresh stover yield at Kakamega and Alupe for both seasons while at Kiboko a linear increase was observed on the stover yield with increasing rates where the highest rate had more than 15% yield compared to the control. The varieties also showed significant differences in all the sites with the local variety, Ikhulule, showing the highest fresh and dry stover yield at Kakamega and Alupe peaking at 28,852 and 12,826 kg ha-1 fresh and dry stover yields respectively. Interactions between variety and phosphorus rates were revealed on the crude protein content of the finger millet stover. At Kiboko, the highest crude protein (11.0%) on varieties P-224 and U-15 was exhibited at the highest rate while on the local variety, Ekalakala, the highest protein (10.9%) was realized at the 25 kg ha-1 P2O5. At Kakamega and Alupe, the highest protein was observed on the local variety, Ikhulule at 12.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate with variety P-224 and U-15 showing the highest at the 25 and 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 respectively. Therefore, finger millet can provide a unique opportunity to improve the availability of fodder to smallholder livestock farmers.
Keywords	Smallholder Farmers ; Finger Millet ; Food and Nutrition
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publisher	SCIENCEDOMAIN international
Publishing country	in
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploiting Genetic Diversity for Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change

Manyasa, E O / Tongoona, P / Shanahan, P / Githiri, S / Ojulong, H F / Rathore, A

A Case of Finger Millet in East Africa

2017

Abstract: Eighty one finger millet germplasm accessions from East Africa were evaluated in eight environments in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda for adaptation and grain yield stability, genotype and genotype x environment (GGE) models. Lanet 2012 long rains, Serere ... ...

Abstract	Eighty one finger millet germplasm accessions from East Africa were evaluated in eight environments in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda for adaptation and grain yield stability, genotype and genotype x environment (GGE) models. Lanet 2012 long rains, Serere 2012 long rains and Miwaleni 2012 long rains were found to be the most discriminating environments for the low temperature, sub-humid mid-altitude and dry lowland areas, respectively. Seven genotypes were identifi ed for yield stability across the eight environments, whereas nine genotypes had specifi c adaptation. Fourteen genotypes attained the highest grain yield and had varied maturity, plant heights and grain colour. This will provide farmers the opportunity to select genotypes appropriate to their target agroecologies with desired traits. The East African fi nger millet germplasm has high potential as a source of climate smart, high yielding genotypes for direct production and/or breeding.
Keywords	Climate Adaptation ; Climate Mitigation ; Finger Millet ; Genetics and Genomics ; African Agriculture ; East Africa
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publisher	Indian Society of Plant Genetic Resources
Publishing country	in
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Conference proceedings ; Online: Phosphorus influence on nitrogen uptake, nutrient and yield attributes of finger millet in semi-arid region of Kenya

Wekha, N W / Korir, N K / Ojulong, H F / Gweyi-Onyango, J P

2017

Abstract: An understanding of P efficiencies of finger millet is very important in soil management and selection of varieties adaptable to P-deficient soils. Therefore, on-station experiments were conducted at the ICRISAT-Kiboko research station to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	An understanding of P efficiencies of finger millet is very important in soil management and selection of varieties adaptable to P-deficient soils. Therefore, on-station experiments were conducted at the ICRISAT-Kiboko research station to evaluate the effect of differential levels of P on nitrogen uptake, nutrient content and yield. There were four P levels (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5) and three varieties (U-15, P-224 and Ekalakala). Ekalakala was the local check while 0 kg/ha P2O5 was the control. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replicates. Soil analytical results showed moderately available P but very low N, organic carbon and zinc. Significant differences (P<.05) were observed between the phosphate levels on the nitrogen contents, where the control had the lowest with 4.95% and 4.90% for the short and long rains respectively; while the 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate had the highest, with 5.66% in the short rains and 5.14% in the long rains. The protein content significantly increased with phosphorus application, peaking at 11.00 g/100 g on the 25 kg ha-1 P2O5treatment. The newly released variety (U-15) responded positively to P supplemented at 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 , with a maximum grain yield of 3,410 kg ha-1. It can, thus, efficiently utilize N in soils with low N and is highly recommended. The application of P beyond 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 would not be translated into profitable yields, but losses to the farmer.
Keywords	Finger Millet ; African Agriculture ; Kenya
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing country	in
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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