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Article: Consecutive Serious Medical Concomitants Associated With Extremely Severe Anorexia Nervosa in a Patient With Body Mass Index of 10.2 Kilograms per Square Meter: A Case Report.

Yamashita, Takeshi / Fukuchi, Takahiko / Sugawara, Hitoshi / Okajima, Yoshiro / Hiruta, Masahiro

2024 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e55749

Abstract: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is often accompanied by numerous medical complications and mental disorders. There are few specialized AN facilities in Japan, resulting in the unmet medical needs of patients with AN. A 37-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to ... ...

Abstract	Anorexia nervosa (AN) is often accompanied by numerous medical complications and mental disorders. There are few specialized AN facilities in Japan, resulting in the unmet medical needs of patients with AN. A 37-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a disturbance of consciousness. Her body mass index was 10.2 kg/m
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.55749
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Article ; Online: Association between dryness sensation and ocular surface temperature and conjunctival blood flow in soft contact lens wearers.

Itokawa, Takashi / Okajima, Yukinobu / Iwashita, Hiroko / Koji, Kakisu / Tashiro, Shigeki / Suzuki, Takashi / Hori, Yuichi

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association

2024 , Page(s) 102166

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the association between dryness, ocular surface temperature (OST), and conjunctival blood flow (CBF) in soft contact lens (SCL) wearers after airflow stimulation.: Methods: After recruiting 21 SCL wearers (mean age, 25.3 ± 4.2 ...

Abstract	Purpose: To investigate the association between dryness, ocular surface temperature (OST), and conjunctival blood flow (CBF) in soft contact lens (SCL) wearers after airflow stimulation. Methods: After recruiting 21 SCL wearers (mean age, 25.3 ± 4.2 years), subjects used two different daily disposable silicone hydrogel SCLs (narafilcon A and delefilcon A lenses). On three of four measurement days, excluding the first, OST, CBF, tear meniscus height (TMH), and non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) were measured after airflow stimulation at a rate of 3 m/s for 10 min. The measurements were conducted without SCLs on the first and second days, and with different SCLs on the third and fourth days. Dryness was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). These parameters were compared between the two types of SCLs, and their association with the dryness sensation was then investigated. Results: Dryness was significantly weakly correlated with OST (r = -0.375, p < 0.05) and CBF (r = 0.339, p < 0.05). TMH, NIBUT, and VAS scores for dryness with the delefilcon A lens (0.15 ± 0.05 mm, 3.7 ± 01.7 s and 29.4 ± 16.9) were significantly higher, longer, and lower, respectively, than those with the narafilcon A lens (0.12 ± 0.05 mm, 2.3 ± 1.7 s and 35.9 ± 17.0; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). The changes in the OST and CBF between with and without the delefilcon A lens (-0.36 ± 0.35 °C and 0.99 ± 0.19) were significantly small compared to the narafilcon A lens (-0.60 ± 0.42 °C and 1.11 ± 0.21; p < 0.01 for both comparisons). Conclusion: Dryness was correlated with OST and CBF, which indicates that when dryness was high, OST was low and CBF was high. These results suggest that OST and CBF assessments are effective for evaluating dryness sensation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2004847-6
ISSN	1476-5411 ; 1367-0484
ISSN (online)	1476-5411
ISSN	1367-0484
DOI	10.1016/j.clae.2024.102166
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Article: [Why Do Psychiatrists Face Difficulties when Treating Dying Patients and Their Family Members?].

Okajima, Yoshiro

Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica

2015 Volume 117, Issue 12, Page(s) 978–983

Abstract: In recent years, psychiatrists in Japan have increasingly participated in palliative care teams. In this study, reasons why psychiatrists face difficulties when treating dying patients and their family members are discussed and some solutions are ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, psychiatrists in Japan have increasingly participated in palliative care teams. In this study, reasons why psychiatrists face difficulties when treating dying patients and their family members are discussed and some solutions are suggested. With respect to diagnosis, psychiatrists often hesitate to follow a normal psychological process in an effort to adhere to their specialty and do not consider subjective components in a patient's statement in the objective methodology of psychiatric diagnosis. In addition, many psychiatrists are unfamiliar with denial in the terminal phase or the desire for hastened death and are puzzled by how the psychic phenomena of dying patients are indistinguishable from physical symptoms. Family members of dying patients may hesitate to seek psychological treatment because they feel guilty about receiving such care. Moreover, recent changes in the diagnostic criteria of depression due to grief may be confusing to psychiatrists. From a therapeutic perspective, difficulties in diagnoses directly lead to therapeutic predicaments, and depression in the terminal phase is difficult to treat because antidepressant medications are not effective. To overcome such difficulties, I suggest that psychiatrists should also carefully consider patients' physical symptoms, reinforce categorical diagnoses with a subjective understanding, and deepen their understanding of spiritual pains.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/psychology ; Depression/therapy ; Family/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Palliative Care/methods ; Physician's Role ; Psychiatry ; Young Adult
Language	Japanese
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604306-9
ISSN	0033-2658
ISSN	0033-2658
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Article ; Online: Electrolytic-reduction ion water induces ceramide synthesis in human skin keratinocytes.

Yamamoto, Hiroyuki / Ikeda, Mitsuo / Okajima, Yoshinao / Okajima, Masahiro

Drug discoveries & therapeutics

2021 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 248–253

Abstract: Ceramides play a critical role in the skin barrier. We previously demonstrated that electrolytic-reduction ion water (ERI) improves skin integrity and enhances the protective barrier function of the epidermis. Here, we first examine the effect of ERI on ... ...

Abstract	Ceramides play a critical role in the skin barrier. We previously demonstrated that electrolytic-reduction ion water (ERI) improves skin integrity and enhances the protective barrier function of the epidermis. Here, we first examine the effect of ERI on the expression of ceramide synthesis-related enzymes in human skin keratinocytes. The expression of enzymes involved in the elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids protein 4 (ELOVL4) was increased after treatment with ERI-containing media. The expression of ceramide synthase 3 (CerS3), which binds ultra-long-chain fatty acids to sphingosine to produce ceramides found in the skin, was also increased. Subsequently, we examined the expression of ceramides in keratinocytes treated with ERI using thin-layer chromatography. The results showed that ERI increased the ceramide content, and these ceramides were more hydrophobic than those extracted from untreated keratinocytes. These results suggest that ERI enhances the expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of ceramides containing ultra-long-chain fatty acid residues, which have a protective function in the skin.
MeSH term(s)	Ceramides ; Fatty Acids ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Skin ; Water
Chemical Substances	Ceramides ; Fatty Acids ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-27
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2568828-5
ISSN	1881-784X ; 1881-784X
ISSN (online)	1881-784X
ISSN	1881-784X
DOI	10.5582/ddt.2021.01091
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Article ; Online: Single intratracheal administration toxicity study on safety of vapor inhalation of electrolyzed reduced water in rats.

Wada, Yuko Imanaka / Okajima, Yoshinao / Oshima, Yutaka / Shimokawa, Ken-Ichi / Okajima, Masahiro / Ishii, Fumiyoshi

Drug discoveries & therapeutics

2023 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 404–408

Abstract: The effects of acute intratracheal administration of electrolyzed reduced water (ERW; alkaline electrolyzed water) were investigated in rats. In this study, no deaths or near-deaths were recorded in either group, namely those treated with ERW or purified ...

Abstract	The effects of acute intratracheal administration of electrolyzed reduced water (ERW; alkaline electrolyzed water) were investigated in rats. In this study, no deaths or near-deaths were recorded in either group, namely those treated with ERW or purified water (maximum doses of 900 mg/kg). The main symptoms observed in the rats were decreased spontaneous movements and abnormal breath sounds, which were considered to be transient symptoms caused by intratracheal administration. In addition, low values of alkaline phosphatase, total protein and lactate dehydrogenase were found in BALF tests, but these values were considered to be of low toxicological significance, since they are usually high in the presence of lung inflammation or cellular damage. This suggests that the alkalinity of ERW partially contributes to broken peptide bonds in proteins. There were no significant increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein in either group. ERW did not cause an increase in the influx of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, or lymphocytes, suggesting that intratracheal administration of ERW did not cause lung inflammation. ERW did not cause abnormalities in the body or pathological changes in the lungs. Aggregates of alveolar macrophages, as a measure of inflammation, were observed in both groups. These may be transient symptoms due to intratracheal administration, not due to ERW toxicity. This study confirmed the safety of intratracheal ERW infusion and demonstrated the low risk of acute toxicity for inhalation exposure to ERW aerosol or vapor. Therefore, ERW may be an effective air purifier against viruses or bacteria.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Water/pharmacology ; Lung ; Pneumonia ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Administration, Inhalation
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-22
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2568828-5
ISSN	1881-784X ; 1881-784X
ISSN (online)	1881-784X
ISSN	1881-784X
DOI	10.5582/ddt.2023.01080
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Article ; Online: Association between mask-associated dry eye (MADE) and corneal sensations.

Itokawa, Takashi / Okajima, Yukinobu / Iwashita, Hiroko / Koji, Kakisu / Suzuki, Takashi / Hori, Yuichi

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1625

Abstract: To determine the risk of mask-associated dry eye (MADE), we investigated the fluorescein tear break-up time (FBUT), ocular surface temperature and blood flow, along with corneal sensitivity, in mask wearers. We enrolled 60 mask wearers (mean age, 27.1 ± ... ...

Abstract	To determine the risk of mask-associated dry eye (MADE), we investigated the fluorescein tear break-up time (FBUT), ocular surface temperature and blood flow, along with corneal sensitivity, in mask wearers. We enrolled 60 mask wearers (mean age, 27.1 ± 5.2 years) and then measured FBUT, corneal temperature and conjunctival blood flow without wearing masks (no mask), with masks, and with taped masks. We defined MADE as the condition in which dry eye symptoms appeared and the FBUT with mask was less than 5 s. The FBUT with a mask was significantly shorter compared to the no mask and taped mask groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The corneal temperature difference and conjunctival blood flow difference were significantly higher after wearing a mask than after wearing a taped mask (P < 0.01). Of the 60 subjects, 13 were diagnosed with MADE. Pain sensitivity and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the MADE group, with the FBUT without masks (P < 0.05) significantly shorter than in the non-MADE group. MADE may be associated with corneal hypersensitivity. Wearing masks decreased FBUT and increased ocular surface temperature and blood flow. Taping the top edge of masks prevented these changes. Fitting masks properly may reduce MADE risk.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis ; Cornea ; Conjunctiva ; Tears/physiology ; Fluorescein ; Sensation
Chemical Substances	Fluorescein (TPY09G7XIR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-23994-0
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Book ; Online: Adaptive Covariate Acquisition for Minimizing Total Cost of Classification

Andrade, Daniel / Okajima, Yuzuru

2020

Abstract: In some applications, acquiring covariates comes at a cost which is not negligible. For example in the medical domain, in order to classify whether a patient has diabetes or not, measuring glucose tolerance can be expensive. Assuming that the cost of ... ...

Abstract	In some applications, acquiring covariates comes at a cost which is not negligible. For example in the medical domain, in order to classify whether a patient has diabetes or not, measuring glucose tolerance can be expensive. Assuming that the cost of each covariate, and the cost of misclassification can be specified by the user, our goal is to minimize the (expected) total cost of classification, i.e. the cost of misclassification plus the cost of the acquired covariates. We formalize this optimization goal using the (conditional) Bayes risk and describe the optimal solution using a recursive procedure. Since the procedure is computationally infeasible, we consequently introduce two assumptions: (1) the optimal classifier can be represented by a generalized additive model, (2) the optimal sets of covariates are limited to a sequence of sets of increasing size. We show that under these two assumptions, a computationally efficient solution exists. Furthermore, on several medical datasets, we show that the proposed method achieves in most situations the lowest total costs when compared to various previous methods. Finally, we weaken the requirement on the user to specify all misclassification costs by allowing the user to specify the minimally acceptable recall (target recall). Our experiments confirm that the proposed method achieves the target recall while minimizing the false discovery rate and the covariate acquisition costs better than previous methods.
Keywords	Statistics - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Statistics - Applications
Publishing date	2020-02-21
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Physicochemical properties and detergency of special electrolytic-reduction ion water.

Okajima, Masahiro / Okajima, Yoshinao / Wada, Yuko / Shimokawa, Ken-Ichi / Ishii, Fumiyoshi

Drug discoveries & therapeutics

2022 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 72–77

Abstract: The detergency of special electrolytic-reduction ion water (S-100) was evaluated in comparison with typical synthetic surfactants. Furthermore, to examine the cleaning mechanism of S-100, various physicochemical characteristics of S-100 were measured and ...

Abstract	The detergency of special electrolytic-reduction ion water (S-100) was evaluated in comparison with typical synthetic surfactants. Furthermore, to examine the cleaning mechanism of S-100, various physicochemical characteristics of S-100 were measured and a comprehensive evaluation of cleaning was performed. S-100 (10%) had a detergency comparable to that of various surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, which are generally blended or mixed in residential detergents. In addition, concentrated aqueous solutions of 10% or more of S-100 showed stronger detergency. The cleaning mechanism of S-100 is mainly attributed to the effect of surface tension reduction due to dissolved hydrogen or hydrogen nanobubbles in S-100, and the alkalinity generated by electrolysis charged the surface of the dirt or adherend, resulting in a peeling effect.
MeSH term(s)	Detergents/chemistry ; Electrolysis ; Hydrogen ; Surface-Active Agents/chemistry ; Water
Chemical Substances	Detergents ; Surface-Active Agents ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Hydrogen (7YNJ3PO35Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-27
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2568828-5
ISSN	1881-784X ; 1881-784X
ISSN (online)	1881-784X
ISSN	1881-784X
DOI	10.5582/ddt.2022.01027
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the Lubricating Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on Contact Lenses Using a Pendulum-Type Friction Tester Under Mimicking Physiological Conditions.

Iwashita, Hiroko / Mabuchi, Kiyoshi / Itokawa, Takashi / Okajima, Yukinobu / Suzuki, Takashi / Hori, Yuichi

Eye & contact lens

2022 Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 83–87

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the lubricating effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on soft contact lenses (SCLs) measured using a pendulum-type friction tester.: Methods: We measured the coefficient of friction (CoF) of narafilcon A, delefilcon A, and etafilcon A ...

Abstract	Objective: To evaluate the lubricating effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on soft contact lenses (SCLs) measured using a pendulum-type friction tester. Methods: We measured the coefficient of friction (CoF) of narafilcon A, delefilcon A, and etafilcon A with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), daily disposable SCL material, using a modified pendulum-type friction tester. Sample SCLs were set on an acrylic plastic half-ball and placed into the polyethylene terephthalate hemisphere cup filled with 0.4 mL of test lubricants that included saline and 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% (wt/vol) HA (molecular weight, 850 kDa). The viscosities of saline and HA were measured using an Ubbelohde viscometer. Results: The CoF of the SCL under a low concentration (0.05%) of HA was the lowest and significantly lower than saline in narafilcon A and delefilcon A (P<0.05, Steel multiple comparison test). Under higher HA concentrations (0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%), the CoF was significantly higher than that of saline (P<0.01, Steel' multiple comparison test) in all three SCLs. There were no significant differences of CoF among three SCLs in saline and all concentrations of HA. The HA viscosities increased exponentially with the concentration (Y=1.2829e9.286X). Conclusion: The viscosity of a high concentration of HA may increase the friction of SCLs, which may have a deleterious effect on the ocular surface.
MeSH term(s)	Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Friction ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology ; Viscosity
Chemical Substances	Hyaluronic Acid (9004-61-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2103049-2
ISSN	1542-233X ; 1542-2321
ISSN (online)	1542-233X
ISSN	1542-2321
DOI	10.1097/ICL.0000000000000853
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Article ; Online: Neuropsychological characteristics of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without intellectual disability.

Hida, Masami / Hayashi, Wakaho / Okajima, Yuka / Takashio, Osamu / Iwanami, Akira

Neuropsychopharmacology reports

2020 Volume 40, Issue 4, Page(s) 407–411

Abstract: Aims: While several studies have reported various cognitive impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the neuropsychological profiles of adults with this disorder are understudied. Here, the intelligence and memory functions ...

Abstract	Aims: While several studies have reported various cognitive impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the neuropsychological profiles of adults with this disorder are understudied. Here, the intelligence and memory functions of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without intellectual disability were evaluated. Methods: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised were administered to 30 adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder whose full-scale intelligence quotients were >85. Diagnoses were based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales-Self-Report-screening version and the Autism Spectrum Quotient were also evaluated. Results: In the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition, the verbal intelligence quotient was significantly higher than the performance intelligence quotient and the verbal comprehension score was the highest among the secondary indices. In the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, the visual memory score was the highest measure. Although the verbal intelligence quotient had no correlation with any Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised measures, the performance intelligence quotient was significantly correlated with the visual memory and attention scores of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales hyperactive-impulsive score was significantly correlated with the verbal intelligence quotient, whereas the inattention score was not correlated with any measures of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition or Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Conclusions: The results suggest that while adults with normal-intelligence attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have comparatively high verbal comprehension and social knowledge, their ability of information processing and visual-motor coordination are relatively weak.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/diagnosis ; Intellectual Disability/epidemiology ; Intellectual Disability/psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2574-173X
ISSN (online)	2574-173X
DOI	10.1002/npr2.12134
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