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Article ; Online: A phylogenetically-conserved axis of thalamocortical connectivity in the human brain.

Oldham, Stuart / Ball, Gareth

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 6032

Abstract: The thalamus enables key sensory, motor, emotive, and cognitive processes via connections to the cortex. These projection patterns are traditionally considered to originate from discrete thalamic nuclei, however recent work showing gradients of molecular ...

Abstract	The thalamus enables key sensory, motor, emotive, and cognitive processes via connections to the cortex. These projection patterns are traditionally considered to originate from discrete thalamic nuclei, however recent work showing gradients of molecular and connectivity features in the thalamus suggests the organisation of thalamocortical connections occurs along a continuous dimension. By performing a joint decomposition of densely sampled gene expression and non-invasive diffusion tractography in the adult human thalamus, we define a principal axis of genetic and connectomic variation along a medial-lateral thalamic gradient. Projections along this axis correspond to an anterior-posterior cortical pattern and are aligned with electrophysiological properties of the cortex. The medial-lateral axis demonstrates phylogenetic conservation, reflects transitions in neuronal subtypes, and shows associations with neurodevelopment and common brain disorders. This study provides evidence for a supra-nuclear axis of thalamocortical organisation characterised by a graded transition in molecular properties and anatomical connectivity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Cardiac Electrophysiology ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-41722-8
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Article: Molecular signatures of cortical expansion in the human fetal brain.

Ball, G / Oldham, S / Kyriakopoulou, V / Williams, L Z J / Karolis, V / Price, A / Hutter, J / Seal, M L / Alexander-Bloch, A / Hajnal, J V / Edwards, A D / Robinson, E C / Seidlitz, J

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: The third trimester of human gestation is characterised by rapid increases in brain volume and cortical surface area. A growing catalogue of cells in the prenatal brain has revealed remarkable molecular diversity across cortical areas. ...

Abstract	The third trimester of human gestation is characterised by rapid increases in brain volume and cortical surface area. A growing catalogue of cells in the prenatal brain has revealed remarkable molecular diversity across cortical areas.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.02.13.580198
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Article ; Online: Early and late development of hub connectivity in the human brain.

Oldham, Stuart / Ball, Gareth / Fornito, Alex

Current opinion in psychology

2021 Volume 44, Page(s) 321–329

Abstract: Human brain networks undergo pronounced changes during development. The emergence of highly connected hub regions that can support integrated brain function is central to this maturational process, with these areas undergoing a particularly protracted ... ...

Abstract	Human brain networks undergo pronounced changes during development. The emergence of highly connected hub regions that can support integrated brain function is central to this maturational process, with these areas undergoing a particularly protracted period of development that extends into adulthood. The location of cortical network hubs emerges early but connections to and from hubs continue to strengthen throughout childhood and adolescence. Patterns of functional coupling in cortical association hubs are immature and incomplete at birth, but gradually strengthen during development. Early establishment of hub connectivity may provide a stable substrate that is refined by changes in tissue organization and microstructure, resulting in the emergence of complex functional dynamics by adulthood.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neural Pathways ; Social Networking
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2831565-0
ISSN	2352-2518 ; 2352-250X ; 2352-250X
ISSN (online)	2352-2518 ; 2352-250X
ISSN	2352-250X
DOI	10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.10.010
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Article ; Online: Macronutrients effects on satiety and food intake in older and younger adults: A randomised controlled trial.

Dericioglu, Dilara / Oldham, Stephanie / Methven, Lisa / Shafat, Amir / Clegg, Miriam E

Appetite

2023 Volume 189, Page(s) 106982

Abstract: Older adults are advised to increase their protein intake to maintain their muscle mass. However, protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient and this recommendation may cause a decrease in total energy intake. To date, satiety studies ... ...

Abstract	Older adults are advised to increase their protein intake to maintain their muscle mass. However, protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient and this recommendation may cause a decrease in total energy intake. To date, satiety studies comparing all three macronutrients have been undertaken in young adults, and it is unclear if the same response is seen in older adults. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of preloads high in protein, fat, and carbohydrate but equal in energy (∼300 kcal) and volume (250 ml) on energy intake, perceived appetite, and gastric emptying in younger and older adults. Twenty older and 20 younger adults completed a single-blinded randomised crossover trial involving three study visits. Participants consumed a standard breakfast, followed by a preload milkshake high in either carbohydrate, fat, or protein. Three hours after the preload, participants were offered an ad libitum meal to assess food intake. Visual analogue scales were used to measure perceived appetite and gastric emptying was measured via the
MeSH term(s)	Young Adult ; Humans ; Aged ; Satiation/physiology ; Appetite/physiology ; Energy Intake ; Nutrients ; Eating ; Carbohydrates/pharmacology ; Cross-Over Studies
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1461347-5
ISSN	1095-8304 ; 0195-6663
ISSN (online)	1095-8304
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2023.106982
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Article ; Online: The development of brain network hubs.

Oldham, Stuart / Fornito, Alex

Developmental cognitive neuroscience

2018 Volume 36, Page(s) 100607

Abstract: Some brain regions have a central role in supporting integrated brain function, marking them as network hubs. Given the functional importance of hubs, it is natural to ask how they emerge during development and to consider how they shape the function of ... ...

Abstract	Some brain regions have a central role in supporting integrated brain function, marking them as network hubs. Given the functional importance of hubs, it is natural to ask how they emerge during development and to consider how they shape the function of the maturing brain. Here, we review evidence examining how brain network hubs, both in structural and functional connectivity networks, develop over the prenatal, neonate, childhood, and adolescent periods. The available evidence suggests that structural hubs of the brain arise in the prenatal period and show a consistent spatial topography through development, but undergo a protracted period of consolidation that extends into late adolescence. In contrast, the hubs of brain functional networks show a more variable topography, being predominantly located in primary cortical areas in early development, before moving to association areas by late childhood. These findings suggest that while the basic anatomical infrastructure of hubs may be established early, the functional viability and integrative capacity of these areas undergoes extensive postnatal maturation. Not all findings are consistent with this view however. We consider methodological factors that might drive these inconsistencies, and which should be addressed to promote a more rigorous investigation of brain network development.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Brain/growth & development ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neural Pathways/growth & development ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2572271-2
ISSN	1878-9307 ; 1878-9307
ISSN (online)	1878-9307
ISSN	1878-9307
DOI	10.1016/j.dcn.2018.12.005
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Article ; Online: Obesity and nutrient sensing TOR pathway in flies and vertebrates: Functional conservation of genetic mechanisms.

Oldham, Sean

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

2011 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 45–52

Abstract: The global prevalence of obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, and 400 million people are now considered to be obese. Excessive accumulation of dietary lipids (obesity) is a known risk factor for the development of deleterious metabolic conditions ... ...

Abstract	The global prevalence of obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, and 400 million people are now considered to be obese. Excessive accumulation of dietary lipids (obesity) is a known risk factor for the development of deleterious metabolic conditions and has been strongly linked to the progression of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Investigating the origin and effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its genetic mediators is an important step in understanding the mechanisms that contribute to obesity. However, the mechanisms that underlie HFD pathophysiology have yet to be elucidated fully. Here we describe recent work in a Drosophila model to investigate the origin and genetic mechanisms that could underlie HFD-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiac dysfunction.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Drosophila ; Heart Diseases/etiology ; Humans ; Insulin/physiology ; Lipid Metabolism/genetics ; Longevity ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Mitochondria/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fats ; Insulin ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.1.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1042384-9
ISSN	1879-3061 ; 1043-2760
ISSN (online)	1879-3061
ISSN	1043-2760
DOI	10.1016/j.tem.2010.11.002
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Article ; Online: Investigating longitudinal changes to frontal cortico-striatal tracts in Huntington's disease: the IMAGE-HD study.

Tan, Brendan / Shishegar, Rosita / Oldham, Stuart / Fornito, Alex / Poudel, Govinda / Georgiou-Karistianis, Nellie

Brain imaging and behavior

2022 Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 2457–2466

Abstract: The striatum is the principal site of disease pathology in Huntington's disease and contains neural connections to numerous cortical brain regions. Studies examining abnormalities to neural connections find that white matter integrity is compromised in ... ...

Abstract	The striatum is the principal site of disease pathology in Huntington's disease and contains neural connections to numerous cortical brain regions. Studies examining abnormalities to neural connections find that white matter integrity is compromised in HD; however, further regional, and longitudinal investigation is required. This paper is the first longitudinal investigation into region-based white-matter integrity changes in Huntington's Disease. The aim of this study was to better understand how disease progression impacts white matter tracts connecting the striatum to the prefrontal and motor cortical regions in HD. We used existing neuroimaging data from IMAGE-HD, comprised of 25 pre-symptomatic, 27 symptomatic, and 25 healthy controls at three separate time points (baseline, 18-months, 30-months). Fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity were derived as measures of white matter microstructure. The anatomical regions of interest were identified using the Desikan-Killiany brain atlas. A Group by Time repeated measures ANCOVA was conducted for each tract of interest and for each measure. We found significantly lower fractional anisotropy and significantly higher radial diffusivity in the symptomatic group, compared to both the pre-symptomatic group and controls (the latter two groups did not differ from each other), in the rostral middle frontal and superior frontal tracts; as well as significantly higher axial diffusivity in the rostral middle tracts only. We did not find a Group by Time interaction for any of the white matter integrity measures. These findings demonstrate that whilst the microstructure of white matter tracts, extending from the striatum to these regions of interest, are compromised during the symptomatic stages of Huntington's disease, 36-month follow-up did not show progressive changes in these measures. Additionally, no correlations were found between clinical measures and tractography changes, indicating further investigations into the relationship between tractography changes and clinical symptoms in Huntington's disease are required.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Huntington Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Huntington Disease/pathology ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/pathology ; Brain/pathology ; Anisotropy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2377165-3
ISSN	1931-7565 ; 1931-7557
ISSN (online)	1931-7565
ISSN	1931-7557
DOI	10.1007/s11682-022-00699-6
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Article ; Online: Can hubs of the human connectome be identified consistently with diffusion MRI?

Gajwani, Mehul / Oldham, Stuart / Pang, James C / Arnatkevičiūtė, Aurina / Tiego, Jeggan / Bellgrove, Mark A / Fornito, Alex

Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)

2023 Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) 1326–1350

Abstract: Recent years have seen a surge in the use of diffusion MRI to map connectomes in humans, paralleled by a similar increase in processing and analysis choices. Yet these different steps and their effects are rarely compared systematically. Here, in a ... ...

Abstract	Recent years have seen a surge in the use of diffusion MRI to map connectomes in humans, paralleled by a similar increase in processing and analysis choices. Yet these different steps and their effects are rarely compared systematically. Here, in a healthy young adult population (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2472-1751
ISSN (online)	2472-1751
DOI	10.1162/netn_a_00324
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Article ; Online: Restoring polyamine levels by supplementation of spermidine modulates hepatic immune landscape in murine model of NASH.

Szydlowska, Marta / Lasky, Ginger / Oldham, Stephanie / Rivera, Cristian / Ford, Michael / Sellman, Bret R / Rhodes, Christopher J / Cohen, Taylor S

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease

2023 Volume 1869, Issue 6, Page(s) 166697

Abstract: Aims: To determine if changes in polyamines metabolism occur during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in human patients and mice, as well as to assess systemic and liver-specific effects of spermidine administration into mice suffering from advanced ... ...

Abstract	Aims: To determine if changes in polyamines metabolism occur during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in human patients and mice, as well as to assess systemic and liver-specific effects of spermidine administration into mice suffering from advanced NASH. Materials and methods: Human fecal samples were collected from 50 healthy and 50 NASH patients. For the preclinical studies C57Bl6/N male mice fed GAN or NIH-31 diet for 6 months were ordered from Taconic and liver biopsy was performed. Based on severity of liver fibrosis, body composition and body weight, the mice from both dietary groups were randomized into another two groups: half receiving 3 mM spermidine in drinking water, half normal water for subsequent 12 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly and glucose tolerance and body composition were assessed at the end. Blood and organs were collected during necropsy, and intrahepatic immune cells were isolated for flow cytometry analysis. Results: Metabolomic analysis of human and murine feces confirmed that levels of polyamines decreased along NASH progression. Administration of exogenous spermidine to the mice from both dietary groups did not affect body weight, body composition or adiposity. Moreover, incidence of macroscopic hepatic lesions was higher in NASH mice receiving spermidine. On the other hand, spermidine normalized numbers of Kupffer cells in the livers of mice suffering from NASH, although these beneficial effects did not translate into improved liver steatosis or fibrosis severity. Conclusion: Levels of polyamines decrease during NASH in mice and human patients but spermidine administration does not improve advanced NASH.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Animals ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Spermidine/pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Polyamines ; Diet, High-Fat ; Body Weight ; Dietary Supplements
Chemical Substances	Spermidine (U87FK77H25) ; Polyamines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-260X ; 1879-2596 ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-260X ; 1879-2596 ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166697
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Article ; Online: Parameter estimation for connectome generative models: Accuracy, reliability, and a fast parameter fitting method.

Liu, Yuanzhe / Seguin, Caio / Mansour, Sina / Oldham, Stuart / Betzel, Richard / Di Biase, Maria A / Zalesky, Andrew

NeuroImage

2023 Volume 270, Page(s) 119962

Abstract: Generative models of the human connectome enable in silico generation of brain networks based on probabilistic wiring rules. These wiring rules are governed by a small number of parameters that are typically fitted to individual connectomes and quantify ... ...

Abstract	Generative models of the human connectome enable in silico generation of brain networks based on probabilistic wiring rules. These wiring rules are governed by a small number of parameters that are typically fitted to individual connectomes and quantify the extent to which geometry and topology shape the generative process. A significant shortcoming of generative modeling in large cohort studies is that parameter estimation is computationally burdensome, and the accuracy and reliability of current estimation methods remain untested. Here, we propose a fast, reliable, and accurate parameter estimation method for connectome generative models that is scalable to large sample sizes. Our method achieves improved estimation accuracy and reliability and reduces computational cost by orders of magnitude, compared to established methods. We demonstrate an inherent tradeoff between accuracy, reliability, and computational expense in parameter estimation and provide recommendations for leveraging this tradeoff. To enable power analyses in future studies, we empirically approximate the minimum sample size required to detect between-group differences in generative model parameters. While we focus on the classic two-parameter generative model based on connection length and the topological matching index, our method can be generalized to other growth-based generative models. Our work provides a statistical and practical guide to parameter estimation for connectome generative models.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Connectome/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Models, Statistical ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Sample Size
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1147767-2
ISSN	1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
ISSN (online)	1095-9572
ISSN	1053-8119
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119962
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