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Article: Exploring the Role of Urocortin in Osteoporosis.

Ismail, Omar M / El-Omar, Omar M / Said, Umar N

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e38978

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide. Overactive osteoclast activity leads to micro-architectural defects and low bone mass. This culminates in fragility fractures, such as femoral neck fractures. ... ...

Abstract	Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide. Overactive osteoclast activity leads to micro-architectural defects and low bone mass. This culminates in fragility fractures, such as femoral neck fractures. Treatments currently available either are not completely effective or have considerable side effects; thus, there is a need for more effective treatments. The urocortin (Ucn) family, composed of urocortin 1 (Ucn1), urocortin 2 (Ucn2), urocortin 3 (Ucn3), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein (CRF-BP), exerts a wide range of effects throughout the body. Ucn1 has been shown to inhibit murine osteoclast activity. This review article will aim to bridge the gap between existing knowledge of Ucn and whether it can affect human osteoclasts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.38978
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Article ; Online: Risk of postoperative bleeding after dental extraction in patients on antiplatelet therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

AlAgil, Jumana / AlDaamah, Ziyad / Khan, Assad / Omar, Omar

Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology

2023 Volume 137, Issue 3, Page(s) 224–242

Abstract: Objective: To determine the risk of bleeding after minor extraction in patients on different antiplatelet therapy (APT) regimens.: Study design: A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Thirty-five papers were included in the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the risk of bleeding after minor extraction in patients on different antiplatelet therapy (APT) regimens. Study design: A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Thirty-five papers were included in the systematic review, of which 23 papers provided the requisite information for meta-analysis. Subgroups were created based on the controls, as follows: (1) no control, (2) healthy control, and (3) interrupted APT control. In a meta-analysis, the studies were further subdivided into immediate and delayed bleeding. Results: No immediate or delayed bleeding risk was found in patients treated with aspirin vs healthy controls (relative risk [RR] = 1.26; P = .5 and RR = 2.17; P = .09, respectively). A higher immediate bleeding was recorded for patients on single nonaspirin APT vs those in the healthy population (RR = 3.72; P = .0009). A high risk of bleeding was recorded in patients receiving dual APT compared with healthy controls for immediate (RR = 10.3; P < .0001) and delayed (RR = 7.72; P = .001) bleeding. Dual APT continuation showed a higher risk of immediate bleeding (RR = 2.13) than interrupted APT, but the difference was insignificant (P = .07). Conclusions: Dental extraction can be performed safely in patients on aspirin monotherapy. In contrast, patients receiving dual APT should be considered at risk for immediate and continued bleeding.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Patients ; Aspirin/adverse effects ; Tooth Extraction/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2650843-6
ISSN	2212-4411 ; 2212-4403
ISSN (online)	2212-4411
ISSN	2212-4403
DOI	10.1016/j.oooo.2023.10.006
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Article ; Online: Inflammatory response to epoxy resin and calcium silicate sealers preheated with different temperatures: an in vivo study.

Alhindi, Omar H / Atmeh, Amre R / Alhawaj, Hussain / Omar, Omar

Clinical oral investigations

2023 Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) 2235–2243

Abstract: Objective: To determine the impact of heat exposure of different sealers on inflammatory cytokine secretions and tissue response in vivo.: Materials and methods: Silicone tubes were prefilled with epoxy resin (ER) or calcium silicate (CS) sealers, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the impact of heat exposure of different sealers on inflammatory cytokine secretions and tissue response in vivo. Materials and methods: Silicone tubes were prefilled with epoxy resin (ER) or calcium silicate (CS) sealers, preheated at 37, 60, or 120 °C, and implanted in rat subcutaneous site. Peri-implant exudate and tissue were analyzed after 1 and 4 weeks for cytokine secretions and tissue organization. Results: At 1 week, 120 °C-preheated CS and ER induced higher secretions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), respectively, as compared to sham/empty tube groups. At 4 weeks, whereas TNF-α secretion was reduced in CS, it increased in ER group, particularly for 120 °C. Both sealers revealed high IL-6 after 4 weeks as compared to sham/empty tube, and generally, higher IL-6 secretions were associated with ER. Histology at 1 week revealed lower degree of inflammatory infiltrate in the groups of the highest preheating temperature (120 °C). Nonetheless, at 4 weeks, whereas fibrous capsule area and inflammatory infiltrate remained low in the CS120 group, they were high in ER120. Conclusion: Preheating ER sealer to 120 °C induced high and prolonged secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), whereas this effect was transient for the CS sealer. This was associated with increased fibrous capsule and inflammatory infiltrate in response to 120 °C-preheated ER. Clinical relevance: Heat-induced changes in sealer properties alter the inflammatory response in vivo, which may affect the clinical outcome. This will not only help appropriate selection of obturation technique for different sealers, but also for optimizing the properties of new generation of sealers.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Rats ; Epoxy Resins/pharmacology ; Root Canal Filling Materials/pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Temperature ; Materials Testing ; Calcium Compounds/pharmacology ; Silicates/pharmacology ; Cytokines
Chemical Substances	Epoxy Resins ; calcium silicate (S4255P4G5M) ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; Interleukin-6 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Calcium Compounds ; Silicates ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1364490-7
ISSN	1436-3771 ; 1432-6981
ISSN (online)	1436-3771
ISSN	1432-6981
DOI	10.1007/s00784-023-04960-0
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Article ; Online: Modulation of gene expression and bone formation by expanded and dense polytetrafluoroethylene membranes during guided bone regeneration: An experimental study.

Turri, Alberto / Omar, Omar / Trobos, Margarita / Thomsen, Peter / Dahlin, Christer

Clinical implant dentistry and related research

2023 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 266–280

Abstract: Background: Nonresorbable membranes promote bone formation during guided bone regeneration (GBR), yet the relationships between membrane properties and molecular changes in the surrounding tissue are largely unknown.: Aim: To compare the molecular ... ...

Abstract	Background: Nonresorbable membranes promote bone formation during guided bone regeneration (GBR), yet the relationships between membrane properties and molecular changes in the surrounding tissue are largely unknown. Aim: To compare the molecular events in the overlying soft tissue, the membrane, and the underlying bone defect during GBR using dual-layered expanded membranes versus dense polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes. Materials and methods: Rat femur defects were treated with either dense PTFE (d-PTFE) or dual-layered expanded PTFE (dual e-PTFE) or left untreated as a sham. Samples were collected after 6 and 28 days for gene expression, histology, and histomorphometry analyses. Results: The two membranes promoted the overall bone formation compared to sham. Defects treated with dual e-PTFE exhibited a significantly higher proportion of new bone in the top central region after 28 days. Compared to that in the sham, the soft tissue in the dual e-PTFE group showed 2-fold higher expression of genes related to regeneration (FGF-2 and FOXO1) and vascularization (VEGF). Furthermore, compared to cells in the d-PTFE group, cells in the dual e-PTFE showed 2.5-fold higher expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation (BMP-2), regeneration (FGF-2 and COL1A1), and vascularization (VEGF), in parallel with lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). Multiple correlations were found between the molecular activities in membrane-adherent cells and those in the soft tissue. Conclusion: Selective surface modification of the two sides of the e-PTFE membrane constitutes a novel means of modulating the tissue response and promoting bone regeneration.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Osteogenesis ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Membranes, Artificial ; Bone Regeneration/genetics ; Gene Expression
Chemical Substances	Polytetrafluoroethylene (9002-84-0) ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (103107-01-3) ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Membranes, Artificial
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2094300-3
ISSN	1708-8208 ; 1523-0899
ISSN (online)	1708-8208
ISSN	1523-0899
DOI	10.1111/cid.13241
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Article ; Online: Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, promotes orthodontic tooth movement in an experimental rat model

Hatem Abuohashish / Abdulaziz Alamri / Suliman Shahin / Dalal Almazrou / Taleb Alkhamis / Omar Omar

Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 5, Pp e16217- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: The OTM model was constructed by placing an orthodontic coil spring between the maxillary first molar and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: The OTM model was constructed by placing an orthodontic coil spring between the maxillary first molar and anterior tooth. Bevacizumab (Avastin®; 10 mg/kg twice per week) was started one week before the OTM and continued for 3 weeks. After 1 and 2 weeks, OTM distance and anterior tooth mobility were measured. Thereafter, the maxilla was dissected for micro-CT microarchitectural analysis, followed by histological analysis, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Moreover, the distributions of collagen fibers type-I and –III (Col-I and Col-III) were evaluated using Picro-Sirius red staining. Results: Orthodontic force prompted bone resorption and formation on the pressure and tension sides, respectively. Bevacizumab therapy resulted in a 42% increase of OTM, particularly after 2 weeks. Furthermore, bevacizumab disturbed the morphometric structure at both pressure and tension sites. The histological evaluation indicated about 35–44% fewer osteoblasts in the bevacizumab group, especially at the tension side, whereas the proportion of TRAP-positive osteoclasts at the pressure side was 34–37% higher than the control. The mature Col-I was reduced at the tension site by 33%, whereas the Col-III/Col-I ratio was enhanced by 20–44% at pressure and tension sites, after 2 weeks, in the bevacizumab group. Conclusion: Anti-vascular bevacizumab therapy accentuates OTM in rat model, possibly through the enhancement of bone resorption, at the pressure side, and the reduction of bone formation, at the tension side as well as dysregulation of collagen fibers distribution.
Keywords	Angiogenesis inhibitors ; Bevacizumab ; Orthodontics ; Orthodontic extrusion ; Tooth movement ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, promotes orthodontic tooth movement in an experimental rat model

Abuohashish, Hatem / Alamri, Abdulaziz / Shahin, Suliman / Almazrou, Dalal / Alkhamis, Taleb / Omar, Omar

Heliyon. 2023 May, v. 9, no. 5 p.e16217-

2023

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats. The OTM model was constructed by placing an orthodontic coil spring between the maxillary first molar and anterior tooth. Bevacizumab (Avastin®; 10 ...

Abstract	This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats. The OTM model was constructed by placing an orthodontic coil spring between the maxillary first molar and anterior tooth. Bevacizumab (Avastin®; 10 mg/kg twice per week) was started one week before the OTM and continued for 3 weeks. After 1 and 2 weeks, OTM distance and anterior tooth mobility were measured. Thereafter, the maxilla was dissected for micro-CT microarchitectural analysis, followed by histological analysis, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Moreover, the distributions of collagen fibers type-I and -III (Col-I and Col-III) were evaluated using Picro-Sirius red staining. Orthodontic force prompted bone resorption and formation on the pressure and tension sides, respectively. Bevacizumab therapy resulted in a 42% increase of OTM, particularly after 2 weeks. Furthermore, bevacizumab disturbed the morphometric structure at both pressure and tension sites. The histological evaluation indicated about 35-44% fewer osteoblasts in the bevacizumab group, especially at the tension side, whereas the proportion of TRAP-positive osteoclasts at the pressure side was 34-37% higher than the control. The mature Col-I was reduced at the tension site by 33%, whereas the Col-III/Col-I ratio was enhanced by 20-44% at pressure and tension sites, after 2 weeks, in the bevacizumab group. Anti-vascular bevacizumab therapy accentuates OTM in rat model, possibly through the enhancement of bone resorption, at the pressure side, and the reduction of bone formation, at the tension side as well as dysregulation of collagen fibers distribution.
Keywords	acid phosphatase ; animal models ; bone formation ; bone resorption ; collagen ; histology ; micro-computed tomography ; morphometry ; osteoblasts ; osteoclasts ; therapeutics ; vascular endothelial growth factors ; Angiogenesis inhibitors ; Bevacizumab ; Orthodontics ; Orthodontic extrusion ; Tooth movement
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16217
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Osseointegrated prostheses for the rehabilitation of patients with transfemoral amputations: A prospective ten-year cohort study of patient-reported outcomes and complications.

Hagberg, Kerstin / Ghasemi Jahani, Shadi Afarin / Omar, Omar / Thomsen, Peter

Journal of orthopaedic translation

2022 Volume 38, Page(s) 56–64

Abstract: Background: Osseointegrated implants for patients with transfemoral amputations (TFAs) are a novel treatment under development, and prospective long-term evidence is lacking. The objectives were to determine patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Osseointegrated implants for patients with transfemoral amputations (TFAs) are a novel treatment under development, and prospective long-term evidence is lacking. The objectives were to determine patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and complications after ten years compared to before treatment and to compare the first five-year period with the later five-year period with regard to the outcomes. Methods: In a nonrandomized, prospective cohort study, patients with TFAs treated between 1999 and 2007 with the Osseointegrated Prosthesis for the Rehabilitation of Amputees (OPRA) system (n = 51) (28 men/23 women; mean age at amputation: 32 years old; mean age at treatment: 44 years old in a single university hospital were followed for ten years. PROs included the Questionnaire for Persons with a Transfemoral Amputation (Q-TFA, four scores 0-100) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36, ten scores 0-100) and were answered before treatment and until the ten-year follow-up after treatment. Analyses of differences in PRO scores were conducted using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. The implant survival and revision-free rates with respect to adverse events (implant revision, mechanical complications, and deep infections) were presented as Kaplan-Meier graphs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The incidences of events per ten and five person-years were calculated. Spearman's correlation analysis was used for analyses of associations between adverse events. Results: PROs showed statistically significant mean improvements between baseline and the ten-year follow-up with regard to all Q-TFA scores: the prosthetic use score (+36), prosthetic mobility score (+18), problem score (-28) and global score (+38) (all p < 0.001), and the SF-36 physical functioning score (+26, p < 0.001) and physical component score (+6, p < 0.01). No PROs showed a statistically significant deterioration. Over the ten years, 12 patients were lost (one lost to follow-up, one dropped out of the study, two died, and eight had implants removed (four before five years and four between five and ten years). At ten years, the revision-free survival rates were 83% (CI: 69%-91%), 65% (CI: 49%-77%) and 17% (CI: 7%-29%) for implant revision, deep infection and mechanical complications, respectively. Mechanical complications, 3.9 per 10 person-years (CI: 2.2-5.1) constituted the most common serious adverse event and were more common during the last five years than during the first five years (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the incidence of deep infections was observed between the earlier and the later five-year periods: 0.3 per 5 person-years (CI: 0.1-0.5) Conclusion: Improved PROs were demonstrated ten years after the introduction of a novel principle for bone anchorage of amputation prostheses. Nevertheless, an increasing rate of mechanical complications is of concern.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-20
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747531-1
ISSN	2214-031X
ISSN	2214-031X
DOI	10.1016/j.jot.2022.09.004
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Article: Adult Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration.

Ismail, Omar M / Said, Umar N / El-Omar, Omar M

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 12, Page(s) e32280

Abstract: As cartilage is an avascular, aneural structure, it has very low capabilities of self-repair. Osteoarthritis prevalence is increasing, and there are no clinically approved management techniques that can cure the degradation of cartilage. This report ... ...

Abstract	As cartilage is an avascular, aneural structure, it has very low capabilities of self-repair. Osteoarthritis prevalence is increasing, and there are no clinically approved management techniques that can cure the degradation of cartilage. This report investigates the efficacy of different sources of cells to generate articular cartilage. Autologous chondrocyte implantation has been used to some extent in clinics; however it has not generated efficient, reliable results, and there is no evidence of long-term success. The usage of stem cells is more promising, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have also been trialed; however, it is important to note that the process of differentiation into chondrocytes is not fully understood, and the cartilage produced can often be of poor quality. MSCs seems to be the way forward, and hESCs will perhaps need further study with the usage of MSC differentiation methodology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.32280
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Article: COVID-19 and severe pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP): A case report.

Melhem, Ahmad Basim / Seif, Abdelsamea Mohammed / Omar, Omar Husni / Al Bashir, Samir / Samrah, Shaher M

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e18099

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease that mainly presents with dyspnea. PAP diagnosis can be easily missed in the background of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, due to the similarity of their ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease that mainly presents with dyspnea. PAP diagnosis can be easily missed in the background of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, due to the similarity of their presentation and radiological findings. We present a case report of a post-COVID-19 patient, who later developed severe PAP. Case presentation: A 55-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with progressive exertional dyspnea and hypoxia following a COVID-19 infection. Chest X-ray showed severe bilateral infiltrates. Patient received multiple courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics and prolonged course of corticosteroids without improvement. "Crazy paving" appearance in a follow up chest computed tomography raised the suspicion of PAP of what was initially thought to be a post-COVID-19 syndrome presentation. A diagnostic segmental bronchioalveolar lavage with a lung biopsy revealed a proteinaceous material filling the alveoli, with a positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. Due to severe hypoxia, therapeutic segmental followed by whole lung lavage was performed with significant improvement. Conclusion: Diagnosing PAP is challenging due to the rarity of the disease. An accurate diagnosis of PAP requires a combination of medical history, imaging, and bronchoalveolar lavage staining positive for PAS. Decision whether to treat with a segmental or whole lung lavage is individualized to each patient. Further studies are needed to confirm whether COVID-19 or long-term use of steroids might be contributing to PAP.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18099
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Article: Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, promotes orthodontic tooth movement in an experimental rat model.

Abuohashish, Hatem / Alamri, Abdulaziz / Shahin, Suliman / Almazrou, Dalal / Alkhamis, Taleb / Omar, Omar

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) e16217

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats.: Materials and methods: The OTM model was constructed by placing an orthodontic coil spring between the maxillary first molar and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: The OTM model was constructed by placing an orthodontic coil spring between the maxillary first molar and anterior tooth. Bevacizumab (Avastin®; 10 mg/kg twice per week) was started one week before the OTM and continued for 3 weeks. After 1 and 2 weeks, OTM distance and anterior tooth mobility were measured. Thereafter, the maxilla was dissected for micro-CT microarchitectural analysis, followed by histological analysis, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Moreover, the distributions of collagen fibers type-I and -III (Col-I and Col-III) were evaluated using Picro-Sirius red staining. Results: Orthodontic force prompted bone resorption and formation on the pressure and tension sides, respectively. Bevacizumab therapy resulted in a 42% increase of OTM, particularly after 2 weeks. Furthermore, bevacizumab disturbed the morphometric structure at both pressure and tension sites. The histological evaluation indicated about 35-44% fewer osteoblasts in the bevacizumab group, especially at the tension side, whereas the proportion of TRAP-positive osteoclasts at the pressure side was 34-37% higher than the control. The mature Col-I was reduced at the tension site by 33%, whereas the Col-III/Col-I ratio was enhanced by 20-44% at pressure and tension sites, after 2 weeks, in the bevacizumab group. Conclusion: Anti-vascular bevacizumab therapy accentuates OTM in rat model, possibly through the enhancement of bone resorption, at the pressure side, and the reduction of bone formation, at the tension side as well as dysregulation of collagen fibers distribution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16217
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