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  1. Article: Exploring the Role of Urocortin in Osteoporosis.

    Ismail, Omar M / El-Omar, Omar M / Said, Umar N

    Cureus

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e38978

    Abstract: Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide. Overactive osteoclast activity leads to micro-architectural defects and low bone mass. This culminates in fragility fractures, such as femoral neck fractures. ... ...

    Abstract Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide. Overactive osteoclast activity leads to micro-architectural defects and low bone mass. This culminates in fragility fractures, such as femoral neck fractures. Treatments currently available either are not completely effective or have considerable side effects; thus, there is a need for more effective treatments. The urocortin (Ucn) family, composed of urocortin 1 (Ucn1), urocortin 2 (Ucn2), urocortin 3 (Ucn3), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein (CRF-BP), exerts a wide range of effects throughout the body. Ucn1 has been shown to inhibit murine osteoclast activity. This review article will aim to bridge the gap between existing knowledge of Ucn and whether it can affect human osteoclasts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.38978
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Adult Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration.

    Ismail, Omar M / Said, Umar N / El-Omar, Omar M

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 12, Page(s) e32280

    Abstract: As cartilage is an avascular, aneural structure, it has very low capabilities of self-repair. Osteoarthritis prevalence is increasing, and there are no clinically approved management techniques that can cure the degradation of cartilage. This report ... ...

    Abstract As cartilage is an avascular, aneural structure, it has very low capabilities of self-repair. Osteoarthritis prevalence is increasing, and there are no clinically approved management techniques that can cure the degradation of cartilage. This report investigates the efficacy of different sources of cells to generate articular cartilage. Autologous chondrocyte implantation has been used to some extent in clinics; however it has not generated efficient, reliable results, and there is no evidence of long-term success. The usage of stem cells is more promising, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have also been trialed; however, it is important to note that the process of differentiation into chondrocytes is not fully understood, and the cartilage produced can often be of poor quality. MSCs seems to be the way forward, and hESCs will perhaps need further study with the usage of MSC differentiation methodology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.32280
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A mysterious sensation about sleep and health: the role of interoception.

    Arora, Teresa / Barbato, Mariapaola / Al Hemeiri, Shaikha / Omar, Omar M / AlJassmi, Maryam A

    BMC public health

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 1584

    Abstract: Background: Interoception is mental awareness, recognition and acknowledgement of physiological body signals. Understanding the role of sleep and interoception may provide a better understanding surrounding the sleep-health connection. Our primary ... ...

    Abstract Background: Interoception is mental awareness, recognition and acknowledgement of physiological body signals. Understanding the role of sleep and interoception may provide a better understanding surrounding the sleep-health connection. Our primary objective was to examine the potential relationships between subjective sleep quality and multiple dimensions of interoceptive abilities in a large sample of young adults, a group who are vulnerable to sleep impairment and its widespread health consequences.
    Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey targeting young adults, aged 18-25 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to identify subjective sleep quality and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2 was used to assess eight domains of interoception. We conducted a series of Spearman's bivariate correlations to assess the relationships between global sleep quality as well as the seven PSQI sub-components in relation to the eight interoception outcomes. We then conducted quantile regression to assess if global PSQI score was an independent predictor of interoception. Participants (n = 609) consented and provided data.
    Results: After adjustment, the global PSQI was a significant predictor of 'Non-Distracting', 'Emotional Awareness' and 'Trusting', where β = - 0.10 (95% CI: - 0.14, - 0.07), β = 0.05 (0.01, 0.09), and β = - 0.10 (- 0.14, - 0.05), respectively.
    Conclusions: Our findings reveal a small, significant relationship between sleep quality and interoceptive abilities amongst young adults. Sleep impairment may inhibit interoceptive skills, thus adding value to the mechanistic explanation of the sleep-health relationship. Experimental and prospective studies are needed to determine temporal associations.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Awareness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Interoception ; Sensation ; Sleep ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-021-11603-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between sleep duration/quality, mental toughness and resilience amongst healthy individuals.

    Arora, Teresa / Grey, Ian / Östlundh, Linda / Alamoodi, Asma / Omar, Omar M / Hubert Lam, Kin-Bong / Grandner, Michael

    Sleep medicine reviews

    2022  Volume 62, Page(s) 101593

    Abstract: The majority of sleep research has focused on deleterious health outcomes, with little attention to positive sequels. A systematic review of the literature regarding sleep duration and/or sleep quality in relation to mental toughness and resilience ... ...

    Abstract The majority of sleep research has focused on deleterious health outcomes, with little attention to positive sequels. A systematic review of the literature regarding sleep duration and/or sleep quality in relation to mental toughness and resilience amongst non-clinical, healthy populations was completed. Eight databases and selected sources for grey literature were searched from their inception to April 2021. A total of 1925 unique records (1898 from the database search and 27 from grey sources) were identified and screened against the pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 68 studies were eligible and 63 were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated a weak, positive correlation between sleep duration and resilience (r = 0.11, p < 0.001), and sleep quality (r = 0.27, p < 0.001). The pooled correlation was slightly attenuated for prospective studies pertaining to sleep quality and resilience (r = 0.18, p < 0.001). We found evidence of high publication bias for studies that explored the relationship between sleep quality and resilience. Sleep and resilience are positively correlated but additional research is needed to verify the direct relationship through carefully designed, prospective studies that capture both subjective and objective sleep estimates. For a more comprehensive understanding, complementary reviews that explore the sleep-resilience association are needed for clinical populations, and those who have suffered extreme hardship.
    MeSH term(s) Health Status ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Sleep ; Sleep Quality ; Sleep Wake Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1414211-9
    ISSN 1532-2955 ; 1087-0792
    ISSN (online) 1532-2955
    ISSN 1087-0792
    DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101593
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The prevalence of psychological consequences of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

    Arora, Teresa / Grey, Ian / Östlundh, Linda / Lam, Kin Bong Hubert / Omar, Omar M / Arnone, Danilo

    Journal of health psychology

    2020  Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 805–824

    Abstract: A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to examine the overall prevalence of psychological health outcomes during COVID-19. Seven databases were systematically searched to include studies reporting on at least one psychological outcome. ... ...

    Abstract A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to examine the overall prevalence of psychological health outcomes during COVID-19. Seven databases were systematically searched to include studies reporting on at least one psychological outcome. The pooled prevalence of primary psychological outcomes was 26% (95%CI: 21-32). Pooled prevalence for symptoms of PTSD was 33% (0-86), anxiety 28% (21-36), stress 27% (14-43), and depression 22% (13-33). The prevalence of psychological outcomes was similar in healthcare workers and in the general population (34% [24-44] and 33% [27-40] respectively). High prevalence figures support the importance of ensuring adequate provision of resources for mental health.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety/psychology ; COVID-19 ; Depression/epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2021897-7
    ISSN 1461-7277 ; 1359-1053
    ISSN (online) 1461-7277
    ISSN 1359-1053
    DOI 10.1177/1359105320966639
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Prescribing laughter to ameliorate mental health, sleep, and wellbeing in university students: A protocol for a feasibility study of a randomised controlled trial.

    Gonot-Schoupinsky, Freda N / Garip, Gulcan / Sheffield, David / Omar, Omar M / Arora, Teresa

    Contemporary clinical trials communications

    2020  Volume 20, Page(s) 100676

    Abstract: Objectives: This research is the first study to investigate the potential effects of a laughter prescription on both psychological health and objective sleep parameters in university students. The primary objective is to evaluate the feasibility of ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This research is the first study to investigate the potential effects of a laughter prescription on both psychological health and objective sleep parameters in university students. The primary objective is to evaluate the feasibility of prescribing laughter to inform a larger randomised controlled trial. Secondary objectives are to assess if a two-week laughter prescription improves subjective and objective sleep outcomes, wellbeing, and/or psychological health outcomes.
    Trial design: To assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial for laughter prescription in relation to sleep, psychological health, and wellbeing. Forty university students will be recruited and randomised to one of two conditions (control/experimental).
    Methods: Wrist actigraphy and sleep diaries will be used to estimate sleep outcomes during a one-week baseline testing phase and across the two-week intervention. The experimental group will be shown how to record a Laughie (a 1-min recording of their joyful laughter on their smartphone) and prescribed to laugh with it three times daily for 14 days (the control group will only track sleep). All participants will complete the WHO (Five) Well-being Index, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale pre- and post-intervention. The CONSORT checklist, and the Feasibility, Reach-out, Acceptability, Maintenance, Efficacy, Implementation, and Tailorabilty (FRAME-IT) framework will guide intervention planning and evaluation. Participant interviews will be analysed using Differential Qualitative Analysis (DQA).
    Results: The feasibility of a two-week laughter prescription in university students and its impact on sleep, wellbeing, and/or psychological health outcomes will be assessed.
    Conclusions: Zayed University Research Ethics Committee approved the study in July 2019. The research will be completed following protocol publication.
    Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. ID: NCT04171245. Date of registration: 18 October 2019.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2451-8654
    ISSN (online) 2451-8654
    DOI 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100676
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Targeted inCITE-Seq Analysis Identifies the Loss of Nuclear TDP-43 in Endothelium as a Mediator of Blood Brain Barrier Signaling Pathway Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration.

    Omar, Omar M F / Kimble, Amy L / Cheemala, Ashok / Tyburski, Jordan D / Pandey, Swati / Wu, Qian / Reese, Bo / Jellison, Evan R / Li, Yunfeng / Hao, Bing / Yan, Riqiang / Murphy, Patrick A

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Despite the importance of the endothelium in the regulation of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in aging and neurodegenerative disease, difficulties in extracting endothelial cell (EC) nuclei have limited analysis of these cells. In addition, nearly all ... ...

    Abstract Despite the importance of the endothelium in the regulation of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in aging and neurodegenerative disease, difficulties in extracting endothelial cell (EC) nuclei have limited analysis of these cells. In addition, nearly all Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD), and a large portion of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) exhibit neuronal TDP-43 aggregation, leading to loss of nuclear function, but whether TDP-43 is similarly altered in human BBB ECs is unknown. Here we utilize a novel technique for the enrichment of endothelial and microglial nuclei from human cortical brain tissues, combined with inCITE-seq, to analyze nuclear proteins and RNA transcripts in a large cohort of healthy and diseased donors. Our findings reveal a unique transcriptional signature in nearly half of the capillary endothelial cells across neurodegenerative states, characterized by reduced levels of nuclear β-Catenin and canonical downstream genes, and an increase in TNF/NF-kB target genes. We demonstrate that this does not correlate with increased nuclear p65/NF-kB, but rather a specific loss of nuclear TDP-43 in these disease associated ECs. Comparative analysis in animal models with targeted disruption of TDP-43 shows that this is sufficient to drive these transcriptional alterations. This work reveals that TDP-43 is a critical governor of the transcriptional output from nuclear p65/NF-kB, which has paradoxical roles in barrier maintenance and also barrier compromising inflammatory responses, and suggests that disease specific loss in ECs contributes to BBB defects observed in the progression of AD, ALS and FTD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.12.13.571178
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Assessment for the possibility of a first night effect for wrist actigraphy in adolescents.

    Arora, Teresa / Omar, Omar M / Taheri, Shahrad

    BMJ open

    2016  Volume 6, Issue 10, Page(s) e012172

    Abstract: Objectives: Evidence of a 'first night effect' has been documented for polysomnography. The possibility of this has not been previously assessed in wrist actigraphy, yet may have important implications for the study design of future sleep research. We ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Evidence of a 'first night effect' has been documented for polysomnography. The possibility of this has not been previously assessed in wrist actigraphy, yet may have important implications for the study design of future sleep research. We sought to examine potential evidence of a 'first night effect' for wrist actigraphy in adolescents across weekdays and weekend nights for multiple sleep outcomes.
    Design: 3-year prospective cohort study (Midlands Adolescent Schools Sleep Education Study).
    Setting: 8 secondary schools in the Midlands region of the UK.
    Participants: Adolescents (aged 11-13 years at baseline) were recruited to the study and were requested to wear a wrist actigraph for 7 consecutive days/nights at baseline and then annually for 2 years during the second term of the academic year.
    Primary outcome measures: We compared multiple sleep outcomes (total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, number of awakenings, length of awakenings, sleep onset time) when the device was worn on a weekday and weekend and compared these to other nights to identify possible evidence of a 'first night effect' for wrist actigraphy.
    Results: No significant differences were found between any sleep outcomes when the first night of wrist actigraphy was on a weekday compared with other weekdays. When the first night was measured on a weekend (Friday), average total sleep time was significantly greater (486±5 min) compared with the second night (Saturday; 469±6 min), p=0.01.
    Conclusions: We found no evidence to support a 'first night effect' for wrist actigraphy in our adolescent sample. The first night of actigraphy data should not be disregarded in future studies that deploy this technique to measure sleep over prolonged time periods.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747269-3
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012172
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Aspirin Use and Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

    Abi Khalil, Charbel / Omar, Omar M / Al Suwaidi, Jassim / Taheri, Shahrad

    Journal of the American Heart Association

    2019  Volume 7, Issue 21, Page(s) e010033

    Abstract: Background Aspirin is of uncertain benefit for primary prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We assessed whether primary prevention with aspirin is beneficial in patients with T2D and heart failure ( HF ). Methods and Results Data ... ...

    Abstract Background Aspirin is of uncertain benefit for primary prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We assessed whether primary prevention with aspirin is beneficial in patients with T2D and heart failure ( HF ). Methods and Results Data from The Health Improvement Network, a UK multicenter prospective primary care database, were analyzed. Those with T2D and HF , age ≥55 years, and no previous history of myocardial infarction and/or coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or atrial fibrillation were included. We compared outcomes for those on aspirin to no aspirin after diagnosis of HF and T2D and assessed the role of a >75-mg dose. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF

    secondary outcomes were nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or major bleeding. There were 5967 participants on aspirin and 6567 not on aspirin. The mean age ( SD ) was 75.3 (9.6) years, 53.9% were men, and the mean follow-up ( SD ) was for 5 (4.2) years. After propensity-score matching and further multivariable adjustment, aspirin was significantly associated with a decrease in the primary outcome and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio=0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.82-0.93; 0.88, 0.83-0.94], respectively); and an increased risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction (hazard ratio=1.66; 95% confidence interval 1.49-1.85) and nonfatal stroke (hazard ratio=1.23, 1.01-1.50). Major bleedings and hospitalization for HF were not significantly higher with aspirin (hazard ratio=0.68, 0.45-1.03; 0.87, 0.66-1.15, respectively). There was no additional benefit for a dose >75 mg. Conclusions Primary prevention with aspirin in patients with T2D and HF is associated with lower all-cause mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aspirin/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Female ; Heart Failure/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Primary Prevention ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2653953-6
    ISSN 2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
    ISSN (online) 2047-9980
    ISSN 2047-9980
    DOI 10.1161/JAHA.118.010033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Splice factor polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) primes endothelial inflammation in atherogenic disturbed flow conditions.

    Hensel, Jessica A / Nicholas, Sarah-Anne E / Kimble, Amy L / Nagpal, Arjun S / Omar, Omar M F / Tyburski, Jordan D / Jellison, Evan R / Ménoret, Antoine / Ozawa, Manabu / Rodriguez-Oquendo, Annabelle / Vella, Anthony T / Murphy, Patrick A

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2022  Volume 119, Issue 30, Page(s) e2122227119

    Abstract: NF-κB-mediated endothelial activation drives leukocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis, in part through adhesion molecules Icam1 and Vcam1. The endothelium is primed for cytokine activation of NF-κB by exposure to low and disturbed blood flow (LDF)but ... ...

    Abstract NF-κB-mediated endothelial activation drives leukocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis, in part through adhesion molecules Icam1 and Vcam1. The endothelium is primed for cytokine activation of NF-κB by exposure to low and disturbed blood flow (LDF)but the molecular underpinnings are not fully understood. In an experimental in vivo model of LDF, platelets were required for the increased expression of several RNA-binding splice factors, including polypyrimidine tract binding protein (Ptbp1). This was coordinated with changes in RNA splicing in the NF-κB pathway in primed cells, leading us to examine splice factors as mediators of priming. Using Icam1 and Vcam1 induction by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation as a readout, we performed a CRISPR Cas9 knockout screen and identified a requirement for Ptbp1 in priming. Deletion of Ptbp1 had no effect on cell growth or response to apoptotic stimuli, but reversed LDF splicing patterns and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of downstream targets, including Icam1 and Vcam1. In human coronary arteries, elevated PTBP1 correlates with expression of TNF pathway genes and plaque. In vivo, endothelial-specific deletion of Ptbp1 reduced Icam1 expression and myeloid cell infiltration at regions of LDF in atherosclerotic mice, limiting atherosclerosis. This may be mediated, in part, by allowing inclusion of a conserved alternative exon in Ripk1 leading to a reduction in Ripk1 protein. Our data show that Ptbp1, which is induced in a subset of the endothelium by platelet recruitment at regions of LDF, is required for priming of the endothelium for subsequent NF-κB activation, myeloid cell recruitment and atherosclerosis.
    MeSH term(s) Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis/genetics ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism ; Endothelium/metabolism ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/genetics ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/genetics ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein/genetics ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins ; NF-kappa B ; PTBP1 protein, human ; Ptbp1 protein, mouse ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein (139076-35-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2122227119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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