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Article: A Systematized Overview of Published Reviews on Biological Hazards, Occupational Health, and Safety.

Descatha, Alexis / Hamzaoui, Halim / Takala, Jukka / Oppliger, Anne

2023 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 347–357

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic turned biological hazards in the working environment into a global concern. This systematized review of published reviews aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific jobs and categories of workers ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic turned biological hazards in the working environment into a global concern. This systematized review of published reviews aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific jobs and categories of workers exposed to biological hazards with the related prevention. Methods: We extracted reviews published in English and French in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two authors, working independently, subsequently screened the potentially relevant titles and abstracts recovered (step 1) and then examined relevant full texts (step 2). Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We built tables summarizing populations of exposed workers, types of hazards, types of outcomes (types of health issues, means of prevention), and routes of transmission. Results: Of 1426 studies initially identified, 79 studies by authors from every continent were selected, mostly published after 2010 ( Conclusion: This systematized overview allowed to list the populations of workers exposed to biological hazards and underlined how prevention measures in the healthcare and laboratory sectors were usually well defined and controlled, although this was not the case in the agriculture and waste sectors. Further studies are necessary to quantify these risks and implement prevention measures that can be applied in every country.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-21
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592798-X
ISSN	2093-7997 ; 2093-7911
ISSN (online)	2093-7997
ISSN	2093-7911
DOI	10.1016/j.shaw.2023.10.008
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Article ; Online: Occupational Exposure to β-d-Glucans, Mould Allergens, Endotoxins and Cultivable Fungi in Pig Farms.

Kraemer, Julia G / Hilty, Markus / Oppliger, Anne

Annals of work exposures and health

2022 Volume 66, Issue 8, Page(s) 967–973

Abstract: Airborne concentrations of organic dust on animal farms are known to be very high. This dust is partly composed of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and their components [endotoxins, (1→3)-β-d-glucans, mould allergens, mycotoxins], recognised as ... ...

Abstract	Airborne concentrations of organic dust on animal farms are known to be very high. This dust is partly composed of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and their components [endotoxins, (1→3)-β-d-glucans, mould allergens, mycotoxins], recognised as being responsible for numerous health effects. Several cross-sectional studies have measured levels of airborne bacteria, fungi and endotoxins on pig farms. However, the temporal dynamics of organic dust's components throughout the year have rarely been assessed, and airborne concentrations of (1→3)-β-d-glucans and mould allergens remain poorly understood in these work environments. This longitudinal, four-season study measured cultivable fungi, endotoxins, (1→3)-β-d-glucans, Aspergillus versicolor (AveX), Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp f1) and Alternaria sp (Alt a1) allergens on 31 pig farms in Switzerland. Results showed that exposure to AveX occurred in all four seasons. Total mean airborne concentration of endotoxins were between 3 and 4 times higher than the Swiss recommended limit value of 1000 EU m-3 and mean airborne concentrations of fungi were between 30 and 50 times higher than the Swiss recommended limit value of 1000 cfu m-3. Finally, accumulations of faecal matter on floors, humidity and dusty pathways were associated with increased concentrations of (1→3)-β-d-glucans. In conclusion, pig farmers require better information about biological occupational risks, and measures to improve air quality should be implemented, especially in winter.
MeSH term(s)	Air Microbiology ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis ; Allergens ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dust/analysis ; Endotoxins/analysis ; Farms ; Fungi ; Glucans/analysis ; Mycotoxins ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Swine
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Allergens ; Dust ; Endotoxins ; Glucans ; Mycotoxins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2885096-8
ISSN	2398-7316 ; 2398-7308
ISSN (online)	2398-7316
ISSN	2398-7308
DOI	10.1093/annweh/wxac055
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Article ; Online: Advancing the science of bioaerosol exposure assessment.

Oppliger, Anne

The Annals of occupational hygiene

2014 Volume 58, Issue 6, Page(s) 661–663

MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/analysis ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects ; Inhalation Exposure/analysis ; Inhalation Exposure/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Air Pollutants, Occupational
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	390312-6
ISSN	1475-3162 ; 0003-4878
ISSN (online)	1475-3162
ISSN	0003-4878
DOI	10.1093/annhyg/meu042
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Article ; Online: Nasal microbiota composition dynamics after occupational change in animal farmers suggest major shifts.

Kraemer, Julia G / Aebi, Suzanne / Hilty, Markus / Oppliger, Anne

The Science of the total environment

2021 Volume 782, Page(s) 146842

Abstract: Previous studies have suggested a significantly higher diversity in the nasal microbiota of pig farmers compared to people having no contact with farm animals. However, the fate of this nasal microbiota specificity after farmers stop being in contact ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies have suggested a significantly higher diversity in the nasal microbiota of pig farmers compared to people having no contact with farm animals. However, the fate of this nasal microbiota specificity after farmers stop being in contact with the pig farm environment is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in the nasal microbiota of pig-farmers after the change of occupation. METHODS: Anterior and posterior nasal swabs were collected from seven people during employment on pig farms, and again after a period of at least 50 days after leaving the pig farm. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA was conducted to characterize the dynamics of the nasal microbiota. The microbiota of actively working pig farmers was compared to microbiota after they had stopped working (ex-pig-farmers) and to control groups (cow farmers and non-exposed individuals). RESULTS: Following a prolonged period without exposure to pigs, α-diversity of both anterior and posterior cavities dropped significantly. The composition of the microbiota of pig-farmers had a low inter-similarity with the non-exposed group while ex-pig-farmers were more similar to cow-farmers and the non-exposed group than to their own microbiota during pig farming.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Farmers ; Farms ; Female ; Humans ; Microbiota ; Nose ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Swine
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146842
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Article ; Online: What Makes a Disease 'Occupational'?

Oppliger, Anne / Seixas, Noah S

Annals of work exposures and health

2017 Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 135–136

Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2885096-8
ISSN	2398-7316 ; 2398-7308
ISSN (online)	2398-7316
ISSN	2398-7308
DOI	10.1093/annweh/wxw029
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Article: Nasal microbiota composition dynamics after occupational change in animal farmers suggest major shifts

Kraemer, Julia G / Aebi, Suzanne / Hilty, Markus / Oppliger, Anne

Science of the total environment. 2021 Aug. 15, v. 782

2021

Abstract	Previous studies have suggested a significantly higher diversity in the nasal microbiota of pig farmers compared to people having no contact with farm animals. However, the fate of this nasal microbiota specificity after farmers stop being in contact with the pig farm environment is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in the nasal microbiota of pig-farmers after the change of occupation.Anterior and posterior nasal swabs were collected from seven people during employment on pig farms, and again after a period of at least 50 days after leaving the pig farm. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA was conducted to characterize the dynamics of the nasal microbiota. The microbiota of actively working pig farmers was compared to microbiota after they had stopped working (ex-pig-farmers) and to control groups (cow farmers and non-exposed individuals).Following a prolonged period without exposure to pigs, α-diversity of both anterior and posterior cavities dropped significantly. The composition of the microbiota of pig-farmers had a low inter-similarity with the non-exposed group while ex-pig-farmers were more similar to cow-farmers and the non-exposed group than to their own microbiota during pig farming.
Keywords	career change ; cows ; employment ; environment ; farms ; microorganisms ; nose ; swine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0815
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146842
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Article: Dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in pig farms: A longitudinal study

Moor, Julia / Aebi, Suzanne / Rickli, Susanne / Mostacci, Nadezda / Overesch, Gudrun / Oppliger, Anne / Hilty, Markus

International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2021 Sept., v. 58, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Point prevalence estimates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESC-R-Ec) are important surveillance measures but may not uncover the ESC-R-Ec dynamics within pig farms. A longitudinal study was therefore performed by sampling ... ...

Abstract	Point prevalence estimates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESC-R-Ec) are important surveillance measures but may not uncover the ESC-R-Ec dynamics within pig farms. A longitudinal study was therefore performed by sampling individual pigs, pig farmers and the environment.On average, 30 (range 10–46) piglets of 31 Swiss farms were sampled during the suckling, weaning and fattening stages (n= 2437 samples). In addition, stool from pig farmers and environmental samples were obtained and metadata collected by questionnaires. ESC-R-Ec was identified by routine culture, and clonal relationships and resistance genes were derived from whole genome sequencing data.Working on pig farms was not associated with an increased prevalence of ESC-R-Ec in humans. ESC-R-Ec prevalence significantly decreased from 6.2% to 3.9% and 1.8% for the suckling, weaned and fattening pigs, respectively (P < 0.001). Within the 57 ESC-R-positive suckling piglets, persisting carriage was detected in 25 animals at two consecutive time points and one animal at three consecutive time points. Clonal spread (n=7 farms, 22.6%) and horizontal gene transfer (n=1 farm, 3%) within pigs but not between humans and animals was detected. Liquid manure (n=10 samples, 16.7%) was identified as the major environmental reservoir of ESC-R-Ec in the pig farm environment.Pig farming practices like all-in-all-out systems, but not antimicrobial usage, were associated with reduced risk of ESC-R-Ec at the farm level. As carriage duration is normally short within the individual pigs, the risk of recolonisation and clonal spread of ESC-R-Ec might be reduced by applying appropriate decontamination strategies.
Keywords	Escherichia coli ; decontamination ; farms ; horizontal gene transfer ; liquid manure ; longitudinal studies ; metadata ; monitoring ; risk ; risk reduction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1093977-5
ISSN	1872-7913 ; 0924-8579
ISSN (online)	1872-7913
ISSN	0924-8579
DOI	10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106382
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Article ; Online: Influence of pig farming on human Gut Microbiota: role of airborne microbial communities.

Moor, Julia / Wüthrich, Tsering / Aebi, Suzanne / Mostacci, Nadezda / Overesch, Gudrun / Oppliger, Anne / Hilty, Markus

Gut microbes

2021 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–13

Abstract: It has been hypothesized that both genetics and diet influence the composition of the human cecal microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether and how occupational exposure to microbes impacts the microbial communities in human guts. Using a One ... ...

Abstract	It has been hypothesized that both genetics and diet influence the composition of the human cecal microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether and how occupational exposure to microbes impacts the microbial communities in human guts. Using a One Health approach, we visited pig farms (n = 26) and collected stool specimens from pig workers (n = 59), pig barn air samples (n = 19), and rectal swabs from pigs at three different growth stages (n = 144). Stool samples from cattle workers were included as a control group (n = 22). Each sample's microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the DADA2 pipeline.We obtained a significantly different clustering of the microbial compositions of pig and cattle workers by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA;
MeSH term(s)	Air/analysis ; Air Microbiology ; Animals ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Cattle/growth & development ; Cattle/microbiology ; Farmers ; Farms ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Prospective Studies ; Rectum/microbiology ; Swine/growth & development ; Swine/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1949-0984
ISSN (online)	1949-0984
DOI	10.1080/19490976.2021.1927634
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Article ; Online: Dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in pig farms: A longitudinal study.

Moor, Julia / Aebi, Suzanne / Rickli, Susanne / Mostacci, Nadezda / Overesch, Gudrun / Oppliger, Anne / Hilty, Markus

International journal of antimicrobial agents

2021 Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 106382

Abstract: Objectives: Point prevalence estimates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESC-R-Ec) are important surveillance measures but may not uncover the ESC-R-Ec dynamics within pig farms. A longitudinal study was therefore performed ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Point prevalence estimates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESC-R-Ec) are important surveillance measures but may not uncover the ESC-R-Ec dynamics within pig farms. A longitudinal study was therefore performed by sampling individual pigs, pig farmers and the environment. Methods: On average, 30 (range 10-46) piglets of 31 Swiss farms were sampled during the suckling, weaning and fattening stages (n= 2437 samples). In addition, stool from pig farmers and environmental samples were obtained and metadata collected by questionnaires. ESC-R-Ec was identified by routine culture, and clonal relationships and resistance genes were derived from whole genome sequencing data. Results: Working on pig farms was not associated with an increased prevalence of ESC-R-Ec in humans. ESC-R-Ec prevalence significantly decreased from 6.2% to 3.9% and 1.8% for the suckling, weaned and fattening pigs, respectively (P < 0.001). Within the 57 ESC-R-positive suckling piglets, persisting carriage was detected in 25 animals at two consecutive time points and one animal at three consecutive time points. Clonal spread (n=7 farms, 22.6%) and horizontal gene transfer (n=1 farm, 3%) within pigs but not between humans and animals was detected. Liquid manure (n=10 samples, 16.7%) was identified as the major environmental reservoir of ESC-R-Ec in the pig farm environment. Conclusions: Pig farming practices like all-in-all-out systems, but not antimicrobial usage, were associated with reduced risk of ESC-R-Ec at the farm level. As carriage duration is normally short within the individual pigs, the risk of recolonisation and clonal spread of ESC-R-Ec might be reduced by applying appropriate decontamination strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cephalosporin Resistance/drug effects ; Cephalosporins/therapeutic use ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Farmers/statistics & numerical data ; Farms/statistics & numerical data ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Swine ; Switzerland/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalosporins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1093977-5
ISSN	1872-7913 ; 0924-8579
ISSN (online)	1872-7913
ISSN	0924-8579
DOI	10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106382
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Article ; Online: Occupational Exposure to Mycotoxins: Current Knowledge and Prospects.

Viegas, Susana / Viegas, Carla / Oppliger, Anne

Annals of work exposures and health

2018 Volume 62, Issue 8, Page(s) 923–941

Abstract: Occupational exposure to mycotoxins is supposedly very frequent, but it is rarely reported in the scientific literature. Several recent studies described occupational exposure to the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mycotoxin in different occupational settings. ... ...

Abstract	Occupational exposure to mycotoxins is supposedly very frequent, but it is rarely reported in the scientific literature. Several recent studies described occupational exposure to the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mycotoxin in different occupational settings. Previously, exposure to other mycotoxins was shown in the animal husbandry and food processing sectors, confirming that occupational exposure cannot be negligible. However, no guidelines or standard methodologies are available for helping occupational hygienists to consider mycotoxin exposure in their interventions. This article reviews the literature on this problem and recommends some actions for the better management of this risk factor in occupational settings, especially where environmental conditions are favorable to fungal presence.
MeSH term(s)	Aflatoxin B1 ; Dust/analysis ; Humans ; Mycotoxins/adverse effects ; Mycotoxins/analysis ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control ; Risk Management/methods ; Risk Management/standards
Chemical Substances	Dust ; Mycotoxins ; Aflatoxin B1 (9N2N2Y55MH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2885096-8
ISSN	2398-7316 ; 2398-7308
ISSN (online)	2398-7316
ISSN	2398-7308
DOI	10.1093/annweh/wxy070
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