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  1. Article ; Online: Biochemical and molecular characterization of three serologically different Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from farmed Dicentrarchus labrax from the Adriatic Sea.

    Pavlinec, Željko / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen / Lojkić, Ivana / Fouz, Belén / Zrnčić, Snježana

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 7309

    Abstract: Vibrio harveyi is recognized as one of the major causes of vibriosis, a disease that threatens the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. Current research shows that the Mediterranean strains of V. harveyi are serologically heterogeneous, though ... ...

    Abstract Vibrio harveyi is recognized as one of the major causes of vibriosis, a disease that threatens the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. Current research shows that the Mediterranean strains of V. harveyi are serologically heterogeneous, though research comparing the traits of different strains is scarce. This study aims to describe the biochemical, physiological and genetic characteristics of three serologically different strains of V. harveyi isolated from farmed European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the Adriatic Sea. A total of 32 morphological and biochemical markers were examined and, the susceptibility to 13 antimicrobials tested, and then compared the results of high-throughput sequencing and in silico analyses. This study also presents the first whole genome sequences of V. harveyi isolated from European sea bass. A large number of nonsynonymous variations were detected among sequences of the three strains. The prediction analysis of resistance genes did not correspond with the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Six virulence genes previously unrelated to virulence of vibrios were detected in all three studied strains. The results show that differences were detected at every level of comparison among the three studied strains isolated from the same fish species originating from a small geographic area.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aquaculture ; Bass ; Fish Diseases ; Vibrio ; Vibrio Infections/veterinary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-10720-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Biochemical and molecular characterization of three serologically different Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from farmed Dicentrarchus labrax from the Adriatic Sea.

    Pavlinec, Željko / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen / Lojkić, Ivana / Fouz, Belén / Zrnčić, Snježana

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 20747

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-24693-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Is the Illegal Trade of Glass Eels (

    Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen / Pavlinec, Željko / Novosel, Dinko / Žuvić, Luka / Šegvić-Bubić, Tanja / Zrnčić, Snježana

    Microorganisms

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 11

    Abstract: The European eel ( ...

    Abstract The European eel (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10112208
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Transmission Pathways of the VNN Introduced in Croatian Marine Aquaculture.

    Zrnčić, Snježana / Brnić, Dragan / Panzarin, Valentina / Abbadi, Miriam / Lojkić, Ivana / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: Due to the insufficient capacity of Croatian hatcheries, marine aquaculture depends on the importation of fry from different countries in the Mediterranean basin. Importation enables a risk of spreading pathogenic agents. Viral nervous necrosis (VNN), ... ...

    Abstract Due to the insufficient capacity of Croatian hatcheries, marine aquaculture depends on the importation of fry from different countries in the Mediterranean basin. Importation enables a risk of spreading pathogenic agents. Viral nervous necrosis (VNN), caused by betanodavirus is devastating for the farming of European sea bass. We described a VNN outbreak that occurred in Croatia in 2014. After the diagnosis of VNN in sea bass fry introduced from the same hatchery to five unconnected marine farms at the Adriatic Coast, we performed surveillance within one of the affected farms. It resulted in proven horizontal spreading of the virus within the farm and to feral fish around farm cages. Real-time RT-PCR tested samples showed the dependence of the virus' proliferation to the water temperature and the fish age. The highest mortality rates were noted during higher sea temperatures. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of RNA1 and RNA2 supported the hypothesis that the virus was introduced to all studied farms from the same hatchery. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequences of infected farmed sea bass and thicklip mullet showed high similarity and it is unlikely that infection in Croatian sea bass farms has originated from wild reservoirs, as the first positive record in wild mullet was recorded after the disease outbreak.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens11040418
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: First description and diagnostics of disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus) from Croatia

    Zrnčić, Snježana / Vendramin, Niccolò / Boutrup, Torsten S / Boye, Mette / Madsen, Lone / Nonneman, Bettina / Brnić, Dragan / Oraić, Dražen

    Journal of fish diseases. 2021 July, v. 44, no. 7

    2021  

    Abstract: During the winter of 2013 and 2016, several Croatian fish farms experienced mortalities in the fry of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Affected fish showed abnormal swimming behaviour and reduced appetite, and death ensued several days after the ... ...

    Abstract During the winter of 2013 and 2016, several Croatian fish farms experienced mortalities in the fry of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Affected fish showed abnormal swimming behaviour and reduced appetite, and death ensued several days after the onset of clinical signs of disease. Necropsy revealed pale liver, empty digestive tract, distended gall bladder, and hyperaemia and congestion of the meninges. Routine bacteriological examination tested negative, and virological examination ruled out nodavirus infection. Histological examination revealed multifocal necrosis and extensive inflammation in the brain with abundant cellular debris in the ventricles. Inflammatory cells displayed intra‐cytoplasmic basophilic vacuoles leading to suspicion of Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide probe targeting Domain Bacterium applied to tissue sections tested positive. The pathogen was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of brain material, and the sequence showed 99% similarity with P. salmonis. This result enabled the design of an oligonucleotide probe specifically targeting P. salmonis. In 2016, P. salmonis was successfully isolated on CHAB from the brain of an affected specimen and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI‐TOF. This study describes the first outbreak of disease caused by P. salmonis in sea bass in Croatia, while new diagnostic tools will enable further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.
    Keywords Dicentrarchus labrax ; Nodaviridae ; Piscirickettsia salmonis ; appetite ; bacteria ; bass ; brain ; death ; digestive tract ; fluorescence ; gall bladder ; genes ; histology ; hyperemia ; inflammation ; liver ; meninges ; necropsy ; necrosis ; oligonucleotides ; pathogenicity ; pathogens ; winter ; Croatia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-07
    Size p. 1033-1042.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 432109-1
    ISSN 1365-2761 ; 0140-7775
    ISSN (online) 1365-2761
    ISSN 0140-7775
    DOI 10.1111/jfd.13366
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Setting epidemiological cut-off values for Vibrio harveyi relevant to MIC data generated by a standardised microdilution method.

    Smith, Peter / Cortinovis, Luana / Pretto, Tobia / Manfrin, Amedeo / Florio, Daniela / Fioravanti, Marialetizia / Baron, Sandrine / Le Devendec, Laëtita / Jouy, Eric / Le Breton, Alain / Picon-Camacho, Sara / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen / Zrnčić, Snježana

    Diseases of aquatic organisms

    2023  Volume 155, Page(s) 35–42

    Abstract: The lack of internationally harmonised criteria for interpreting the data generated by standardised susceptibility testing methods presents a serious obstacle for the development of prudent use of antimicrobials in aquaculture. The data required to set ... ...

    Abstract The lack of internationally harmonised criteria for interpreting the data generated by standardised susceptibility testing methods presents a serious obstacle for the development of prudent use of antimicrobials in aquaculture. The data required to set epidemiological cut-off values for minimum inhibitory concentrations for antibiotic agents against Vibrio harveyi was determined using a standard microdilution method that specified the use of cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth and incubation at 28°C for 24 to 28 h. In total, 120 observations were made in 4 independent laboratories from 109 unique isolates. The aggregated data from these laboratories were analysed by the normalised resistance method and by ECOFFinder to calculate epidemiological cut-off values. The data for chloramphenicol, meropenem and sulfamethoxazole were not considered as suitable for analysis. The data for ampicillin indicated that this species is innately resistant to this agent. No acceptable ranges for quality control strains have been set for ceftazidime and, therefore, only provisional cut-off values could be generated for this agent. The epidemiological cut-off values were, however, calculated for the other 6 agents. These values were ≤0.5 µg ml-1 for enrofloxacin, ≤1 µg ml-1 for florfenicol, oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline, ≤4 µg ml-1 for gentamicin and ≤0.5/9.5 µg ml-1 for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Evidence is presented demonstrating that the data for these 6 antimicrobial agents was of sufficient quantity and quality that they could be used by the relevant authorities to set internationally harmonised, consensus epidemiological cut-off values for V. harveyi.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination (8064-90-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0177-5103
    ISSN 0177-5103
    DOI 10.3354/dao03740
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: First description and diagnostics of disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus) from Croatia.

    Zrnčić, Snježana / Vendramin, Niccolò / Boutrup, Torsten S / Boye, Mette / Madsen, Lone / Nonneman, Bettina / Brnić, Dragan / Oraić, Dražen

    Journal of fish diseases

    2021  Volume 44, Issue 7, Page(s) 1033–1042

    Abstract: During the winter of 2013 and 2016, several Croatian fish farms experienced mortalities in the fry of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Affected fish showed abnormal swimming behaviour and reduced appetite, and death ensued several days after the ... ...

    Abstract During the winter of 2013 and 2016, several Croatian fish farms experienced mortalities in the fry of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Affected fish showed abnormal swimming behaviour and reduced appetite, and death ensued several days after the onset of clinical signs of disease. Necropsy revealed pale liver, empty digestive tract, distended gall bladder, and hyperaemia and congestion of the meninges. Routine bacteriological examination tested negative, and virological examination ruled out nodavirus infection. Histological examination revealed multifocal necrosis and extensive inflammation in the brain with abundant cellular debris in the ventricles. Inflammatory cells displayed intra-cytoplasmic basophilic vacuoles leading to suspicion of Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide probe targeting Domain Bacterium applied to tissue sections tested positive. The pathogen was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of brain material, and the sequence showed 99% similarity with P. salmonis. This result enabled the design of an oligonucleotide probe specifically targeting P. salmonis. In 2016, P. salmonis was successfully isolated on CHAB from the brain of an affected specimen and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF. This study describes the first outbreak of disease caused by P. salmonis in sea bass in Croatia, while new diagnostic tools will enable further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aquaculture ; Bass ; Croatia/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Fish Diseases/diagnosis ; Fish Diseases/epidemiology ; Fish Diseases/microbiology ; Fish Diseases/pathology ; Piscirickettsia ; Piscirickettsiaceae Infections/epidemiology ; Piscirickettsiaceae Infections/microbiology ; Piscirickettsiaceae Infections/veterinary ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
    Chemical Substances RNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 432109-1
    ISSN 1365-2761 ; 0140-7775
    ISSN (online) 1365-2761
    ISSN 0140-7775
    DOI 10.1111/jfd.13366
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Assessment of predominant bacteria in noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) collected in the Eastern Adriatic Sea

    Pavlinec, Željko / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen / Petani, Bruna / Mustać, Bosiljka / Mihaljević, Željko / Beck, Relja / Zrnčić, Snježana

    Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2020 Sept., v. 192, no. 9

    2020  

    Abstract: Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) is an endemic species and the largest known bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea. By filtering large amounts of water, they maintain a high percentage of organic matter, hence playing an important role in the marine ecosystem. ...

    Abstract Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) is an endemic species and the largest known bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea. By filtering large amounts of water, they maintain a high percentage of organic matter, hence playing an important role in the marine ecosystem. The ecological community of pen shells is impressive, and there are numerous microorganisms present in its soft tissues. Since this species is highly endangered due to recently described mass mortalities throughout the Mediterranean, this study was aimed at finding out more about its microbiome. In this study, we identified the predominant bacterial populations of specimens collected at three separate locations along the Eastern Adriatic coast. The predominant bacteria were isolated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify eight different bacterial genera: Aestuariibacter sp., Aliivibrio sp., Alteromonas sp., Marinobacter sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Rubritalea sp., Thalassospira sp. and the Vibrio splendidus clade. The identified genera are ubiquitous in the marine environment and have previously been described as both beneficial symbionts and potential pathogens in other molluscs. There was a clear difference in the predominant bacterial populations between northern and southern sampling sites, which could be linked to water temperature. These findings indicate the need for expanded sampling over a longer time period, since more exhaustive research would provide information vital to the conservation of this critically endangered species.
    Keywords Aliivibrio ; Alteromonas ; Marinobacter ; Pinna nobilis ; Pseudoalteromonas ; Thalassospira ; Vibrio splendidus ; coasts ; ecological communities ; endangered species ; indigenous species ; marine ecosystems ; marine environment ; microbiome ; organic matter ; symbionts ; water temperature ; Adriatic Sea ; Mediterranean Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-09
    Size p. 581.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 782621-7
    ISSN 1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
    ISSN (online) 1573-2959
    ISSN 0167-6369
    DOI 10.1007/s10661-020-08541-6
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Assessment of predominant bacteria in noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) collected in the Eastern Adriatic Sea.

    Pavlinec, Željko / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Oraić, Dražen / Petani, Bruna / Mustać, Bosiljka / Mihaljević, Željko / Beck, Relja / Zrnčić, Snježana

    Environmental monitoring and assessment

    2020  Volume 192, Issue 9, Page(s) 581

    Abstract: Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) is an endemic species and the largest known bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea. By filtering large amounts of water, they maintain a high percentage of organic matter, hence playing an important role in the marine ecosystem. ...

    Abstract Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) is an endemic species and the largest known bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea. By filtering large amounts of water, they maintain a high percentage of organic matter, hence playing an important role in the marine ecosystem. The ecological community of pen shells is impressive, and there are numerous microorganisms present in its soft tissues. Since this species is highly endangered due to recently described mass mortalities throughout the Mediterranean, this study was aimed at finding out more about its microbiome. In this study, we identified the predominant bacterial populations of specimens collected at three separate locations along the Eastern Adriatic coast. The predominant bacteria were isolated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify eight different bacterial genera: Aestuariibacter sp., Aliivibrio sp., Alteromonas sp., Marinobacter sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Rubritalea sp., Thalassospira sp. and the Vibrio splendidus clade. The identified genera are ubiquitous in the marine environment and have previously been described as both beneficial symbionts and potential pathogens in other molluscs. There was a clear difference in the predominant bacterial populations between northern and southern sampling sites, which could be linked to water temperature. These findings indicate the need for expanded sampling over a longer time period, since more exhaustive research would provide information vital to the conservation of this critically endangered species.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacteria ; Bivalvia ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Mediterranean Sea ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Vibrio
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 782621-7
    ISSN 1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
    ISSN (online) 1573-2959
    ISSN 0167-6369
    DOI 10.1007/s10661-020-08541-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Koi herpesvirus and carp edema virus threaten common carp aquaculture in Croatia.

    Zrnčić, Snježana / Oraić, Dražen / Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna / Pavlinec, Željko / Brnić, Dragan / Rogić, Žaklin Acinger / Sučec, Ivica / Steinhagen, Dieter / Adamek, Mikolaj

    Journal of fish diseases

    2020  Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 673–685

    Abstract: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a very important fish species for warm-water aquaculture in Croatia. All Croatian carp farms are subjected to a surveillance programme for the presence of koi herpesvirus (KHV), causing a deadly disease called koi ... ...

    Abstract Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a very important fish species for warm-water aquaculture in Croatia. All Croatian carp farms are subjected to a surveillance programme for the presence of koi herpesvirus (KHV), causing a deadly disease called koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). However, there is no surveillance for other viral pathogens of importance like carp edema virus (CEV), a causative agent of koi sleepy disease (KSD). During regular testing within the KHVD surveillance programme, we tested samples for CEV simultaneously. The screening indicated possible outbreaks of KHVD and KSD. During 2016, KHVD broke out in an isolated area and soon thereafter a KHV eradication programme was successfully performed. However, during 2018 and 2019, two additional mortality events occurred in lakes in the southern part of Croatia during the spring. Samples from both events tested positive for CEV. An epidemiological investigation confirmed the introduction of infected carps from an infected farm to one of the lakes. To prevent the spreading of CEV into open waters, it is of utmost importance to introduce CEV testing before fish movement or to perform regular testing of all carp farms in the country to determine CEV prevalence for the purpose of implementation of control measures.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aquaculture ; Carps ; Croatia/epidemiology ; Epidemiological Monitoring/veterinary ; Fish Diseases/epidemiology ; Fish Diseases/virology ; Herpesviridae/isolation & purification ; Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary ; Herpesviridae Infections/virology ; Poxviridae/isolation & purification ; Poxviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Poxviridae Infections/veterinary ; Poxviridae Infections/virology ; Prevalence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 432109-1
    ISSN 1365-2761 ; 0140-7775
    ISSN (online) 1365-2761
    ISSN 0140-7775
    DOI 10.1111/jfd.13163
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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