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  1. Article: Small habitat matrix: How does it work?

    Ng, Casey Keat-Chuan / Payne, John / Oram, Felicity

    Ambio. 2021 Mar., v. 50, no. 3

    2021  

    Abstract: We present herein our perspective of a novel Small Habitats Matrix (SHM) concept showing how small habitats on private lands are untapped but can be valuable for mitigating ecological degradation. Grounded by the realities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, we ... ...

    Abstract We present herein our perspective of a novel Small Habitats Matrix (SHM) concept showing how small habitats on private lands are untapped but can be valuable for mitigating ecological degradation. Grounded by the realities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, we model a discontinuous “stepping stones” linkage that includes both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to illustrate exactly how the SHM can be deployed. Taken together, the SHM is expected to optimize the meta-population vitality in monoculture landscapes for aerial, arboreal, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife communities. We also provide the tangible cost estimates and discuss how such a concept is both economically affordable and plausible to complement global conservation initiatives. By proposing a practical approach to conservation in the rapidly developing tropics, we present a perspective from “ground zero” that reaches out to fellow scientists, funders, activists and pro-environmental land owners who often ask, “What more can we do?”
    Keywords Borneo ; environmental degradation ; wildlife
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-03
    Size p. 601-614.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 120759-3
    ISSN 1654-7209 ; 0044-7447
    ISSN (online) 1654-7209
    ISSN 0044-7447
    DOI 10.1007/s13280-020-01384-y
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  2. Article ; Online: Small habitat matrix: How does it work?

    Ng, Casey Keat-Chuan / Payne, John / Oram, Felicity

    Ambio

    2020  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 601–614

    Abstract: We present herein our perspective of a novel Small Habitats Matrix (SHM) concept showing how small habitats on private lands are untapped but can be valuable for mitigating ecological degradation. Grounded by the realities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, we ... ...

    Abstract We present herein our perspective of a novel Small Habitats Matrix (SHM) concept showing how small habitats on private lands are untapped but can be valuable for mitigating ecological degradation. Grounded by the realities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, we model a discontinuous "stepping stones" linkage that includes both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to illustrate exactly how the SHM can be deployed. Taken together, the SHM is expected to optimize the meta-population vitality in monoculture landscapes for aerial, arboreal, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife communities. We also provide the tangible cost estimates and discuss how such a concept is both economically affordable and plausible to complement global conservation initiatives. By proposing a practical approach to conservation in the rapidly developing tropics, we present a perspective from "ground zero" that reaches out to fellow scientists, funders, activists and pro-environmental land owners who often ask, "What more can we do?"
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Borneo ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-11
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120759-3
    ISSN 1654-7209 ; 0044-7447
    ISSN (online) 1654-7209
    ISSN 0044-7447
    DOI 10.1007/s13280-020-01384-y
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  3. Article ; Online: Canopy structure drives orangutan habitat selection in disturbed Bornean forests.

    Davies, Andrew B / Ancrenaz, Marc / Oram, Felicity / Asner, Gregory P

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2017  Volume 114, Issue 31, Page(s) 8307–8312

    Abstract: The conservation of charismatic and functionally important large species is becoming increasingly difficult. Anthropogenic pressures continue to squeeze available habitat and force animals into degraded and disturbed areas. Ensuring the long-term ... ...

    Abstract The conservation of charismatic and functionally important large species is becoming increasingly difficult. Anthropogenic pressures continue to squeeze available habitat and force animals into degraded and disturbed areas. Ensuring the long-term survival of these species requires a well-developed understanding of how animals use these new landscapes to inform conservation and habitat restoration efforts. We combined 3 y of highly detailed visual observations of Bornean orangutans with high-resolution airborne remote sensing (Light Detection and Ranging) to understand orangutan movement in disturbed and fragmented forests of Malaysian Borneo. Structural attributes of the upper forest canopy were the dominant determinant of orangutan movement among all age and sex classes, with orangutans more likely to move in directions of increased canopy closure, tall trees, and uniform height, as well as avoiding canopy gaps and moving toward emergent crowns. In contrast, canopy vertical complexity (canopy layering and shape) did not affect movement. Our results suggest that although orangutans do make use of disturbed forest, they select certain canopy attributes within these forests, indicating that not all disturbed or degraded forest is of equal value for the long-term sustainability of orangutan populations. Although the value of disturbed habitats needs to be recognized in conservation plans for wide-ranging, large-bodied species, minimal ecological requirements within these habitats also need to be understood and considered if long-term population viability is to be realized.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1706780114
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  4. Article: Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations.

    Sherman, Julie / Unwin, Steve / Travis, Dominic A / Oram, Felicity / Wich, Serge A / Jaya, Ricko L / Voigt, Maria / Santika, Truly / Massingham, Emily / Seaman, Dave J I / Meijaard, Erik / Ancrenaz, Marc

    Frontiers in veterinary science

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 749547

    Abstract: Critically Endangered orangutans are translocated in several situations: reintroduced into historic range where no wild populations exist, released to reinforce existing wild populations, and wild-to-wild translocated to remove individuals from ... ...

    Abstract Critically Endangered orangutans are translocated in several situations: reintroduced into historic range where no wild populations exist, released to reinforce existing wild populations, and wild-to-wild translocated to remove individuals from potentially risky situations. Translocated orangutans exposed to human diseases, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), pose risks to wild and previously released conspecifics. Wildlife disease risk experts recommended halting great ape translocations during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize risk of disease transmission to wild populations. We collected data on orangutan releases and associated disease risk management in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and developed a problem description for orangutan disease and conservation risks. We identified that at least 15 rehabilitated ex-captive and 27 wild captured orangutans were released during the study period. Identified disease risks included several wild-to-wild translocated orangutans in direct contact or proximity to humans without protective equipment, and formerly captive rehabilitated orangutans that have had long periods of contact and potential exposure to human diseases. While translocation practitioners typically employ mitigation measures to decrease disease transmission likelihood, these measures cannot eliminate all risk, and are not consistently applied. COVID-19 and other diseases of human origin can be transmitted to orangutans, which could have catastrophic impacts on wild orangutans, other susceptible fauna, and humans should disease transmission occur. We recommend stakeholders conduct a Disease Risk Analysis for orangutan translocation, and improve pathogen surveillance and mitigation measures to decrease the likelihood of potential outbreaks. We also suggest refocusing conservation efforts on alternatives to wild-to-wild translocation including mitigating human-orangutan interactions, enforcing laws and protecting orangutan habitats to conserve orangutans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2834243-4
    ISSN 2297-1769
    ISSN 2297-1769
    DOI 10.3389/fvets.2021.749547
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  5. Article ; Online: The slow ape: High infant survival and long interbirth intervals in wild orangutans.

    van Noordwijk, Maria A / Utami Atmoko, S Suci / Knott, Cheryl D / Kuze, Noko / Morrogh-Bernard, Helen C / Oram, Felicity / Schuppli, Caroline / van Schaik, Carel P / Willems, Erik P

    Journal of human evolution

    2018  Volume 125, Page(s) 38–49

    Abstract: Orangutans (Pongo spp.) are reported to have extremely slow life histories, including the longest average interbirth intervals of all mammals. Such slow life history can be viable only when unavoidable mortality is kept low. Thus, orangutans' ... ...

    Abstract Orangutans (Pongo spp.) are reported to have extremely slow life histories, including the longest average interbirth intervals of all mammals. Such slow life history can be viable only when unavoidable mortality is kept low. Thus, orangutans' survivorship under natural conditions is expected to be extremely high. Previous estimates of orangutan life history were based on captive individuals living under very different circumstances or on small samples from wild populations. Here, we combine birth data from seven field sites, each with demographic data collection for at least 10 years (range 12-43 years) on wild orangutans to better document their life history. Using strict criteria for data inclusion, we calculated infant survival, interbirth intervals and female age at first reproduction, across species, subspecies and islands. We found an average closed interbirth interval of 7.6 years, as well as consistently very high pre-weaning survival for males and females. Female survival of 94% until age at first birth (at around age 15 years) was higher than reported for any other mammal species under natural conditions. Similarly, annual survival among parous females is very high, but longevity remains to be estimated. Current data suggest no major life history differences between Sumatran and Bornean orangutans. The high offspring survival is remarkable, noting that modern human populations seem to have reached the same level of survival only in the 20th century. The orangutans' slow life history illustrates what can be achieved if a hominoid bauplan is exposed to low unavoidable mortality. Their high survival is likely due to their arboreal and non-gregarious lifestyle, and has allowed them to maintain viable populations, despite living in low-productivity habitats. However, their slow life history also implies that orangutans are highly vulnerable to a catastrophic population crash in the face of drastic habitat change.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Indonesia ; Longevity ; Male ; Pongo abelii ; Pongo pygmaeus/physiology ; Weaning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 120141-4
    ISSN 1095-8606 ; 0047-2484
    ISSN (online) 1095-8606
    ISSN 0047-2484
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.09.004
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    Zs.A 976: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Of Pongo, palms and perceptions: a multidisciplinary assessment of Bornean orang-utans Pongo pygmaeus in an oil palm context

    Ancrenaz, Marc / Oram, Felicity / Ambu, Laurentius / Lackman, Isabelle / Ahmad, Eddie / Elahan, Hamisah / Kler, Harjinder / Abram, Nicola K / Meijaard, Erik

    Oryx. 2015 July, v. 49, no. 3

    2015  

    Abstract: The oil palm industry is blamed for the demise of iconic species such as the orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus in Borneo but production of, and demand for, this commodity continue to expand. Therefore, a better understanding of how the orang-utan is adapting to ... ...

    Abstract The oil palm industry is blamed for the demise of iconic species such as the orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus in Borneo but production of, and demand for, this commodity continue to expand. Therefore, a better understanding of how the orang-utan is adapting to human-transformed environments is crucial for conserving the species. Results from a combination of repeated ground transects, aerial presence/absence surveys, and interviews of workers in mature plantations of the lower Kinabatangan River floodplain (eastern Sabah) provide an overall picture of the current status of orang-utans in an established agro-industrial oil palm landscape. Our results show that orang-utans disperse into mature plantations, use oil palm trees for nesting, and feed on mature fruits. Most oil palm workers report orang-utans of all age–sex classes within the estates but fail to report any negative effect of the animals on productivity of mature palms ≥5 years. Our surveys also show that orang-utan presence in the mature oil palm landscape is correlated with proximity to natural forest patches. These results suggest that forest patches, even when small, fragmented and degraded, are required to sustain the species in human-transformed landscapes. Homogenous oil palm plantations are incompatible with viable populations of orang-utans. The cessation of further forest conversion to agriculture and the enforcement of better management practices are needed to reduce the threat of oil palm development to orang-utan survival.
    Keywords Elaeis guineensis ; Pongo pygmaeus ; animals ; floodplains ; forests ; fruits ; interviews ; landscapes ; nesting ; plantations ; rivers ; surveys ; Borneo
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-07
    Size p. 465-472.
    Publishing place Cambridge University Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 417337-5
    ISSN 1365-3008 ; 0030-6053
    ISSN (online) 1365-3008
    ISSN 0030-6053
    DOI 10.1017/S0030605313001270
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