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Article ; Online: Standing on the shoulders of microbes: How cancer biologists are expanding their view of hard-to-kill persister cells.

Oren, Yaara

2022 Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e11168

Abstract: Similar to persister bacterial cells that survive antibiotic treatments, some cancer cells can evade drug treatments. This Commentary discusses the different classes of persister cells and their implications for developing more efficient cancer ... ...

Abstract	Similar to persister bacterial cells that survive antibiotic treatments, some cancer cells can evade drug treatments. This Commentary discusses the different classes of persister cells and their implications for developing more efficient cancer treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neoplasms/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193510-5
ISSN	1744-4292 ; 1744-4292
ISSN (online)	1744-4292
ISSN	1744-4292
DOI	10.15252/msb.202211168
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Hunting down rare drug-tolerant cycling cells with Watermelon.

Oren, Yaara

Nature reviews. Cancer

2022 Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) 434–435

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Citrullus ; Drug Tolerance
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2062767-1
ISSN	1474-1768 ; 1474-175X
ISSN (online)	1474-1768
ISSN	1474-175X
DOI	10.1038/s41568-022-00483-0
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Article ; Online: Cultural specialization as a double-edged sword: division into specialized guilds might promote cultural complexity at the cost of higher susceptibility to cultural loss.

Ben-Oren, Yotam / Kolodny, Oren / Creanza, Nicole

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2023 Volume 378, Issue 1872, Page(s) 20210418

Abstract: The transition to specialization of knowledge within populations could have facilitated the accumulation of cultural complexity in humans. Specialization allows populations to increase their cultural repertoire without requiring that members of that ... ...

Abstract	The transition to specialization of knowledge within populations could have facilitated the accumulation of cultural complexity in humans. Specialization allows populations to increase their cultural repertoire without requiring that members of that population increase their individual capacity to accumulate knowledge. However, specialization also means that domain-specific knowledge can be concentrated in small subsets of the population, making it more susceptible to loss. Here, we use a model of cultural evolution to demonstrate that specialized populations can be more sensitive to stochastic loss of knowledge than populations without subdivision of knowledge, and that demographic and environmental changes have an amplified effect on populations with knowledge specialization. Finally, we suggest that specialization can be a double-edged sword; specialized populations may have an advantage in accumulating cultural traits but may also be less likely to expand and establish themselves successfully in new demes owing to the increased cultural loss that they experience during the population bottlenecks that often characterize such expansions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Human socio-cultural evolution in light of evolutionary transitions'.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Biological Evolution ; Population Density ; Cultural Evolution
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2021.0418
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Article ; Online: House sparrows use learned information selectively based on whether reward is hidden or visible.

Ben-Oren, Yotam / Truskanov, Noa / Lotem, Arnon

Animal cognition

2022 Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 1545–1555

Abstract: Based on past experience, food-related-cues can help foragers to predict the presence and the expected quality of food. However, when the food is already visible there is no need to predict its presence or its other visible attributes, but only those ... ...

Abstract	Based on past experience, food-related-cues can help foragers to predict the presence and the expected quality of food. However, when the food is already visible there is no need to predict its presence or its other visible attributes, but only those that are still cryptic, such as expected handling time or taste. Optimal foragers should therefore use only knowledge that is relevant to the current setting. Nevertheless, the extent to which they do so is not clear. In a set of experiments, we examined how a change in setting, from hidden to visible reward, affects the reliance of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) on three previously learned attributes of food-related cues (sand colors): the setting of the cue (e.g., whether the food was hidden or exposed), the expected amount of the reward (number of seeds), and the expected handling time. We found that sparrows used all three attributes when the rewards were hidden but reached decisions mainly based on handling time when the rewards were visible. This selective use of cue-related information suggests that animals do not simply associate cues with their average expected value but rather learn different attributes of a cue and use all, or only some of them, in a context-appropriate manner.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Sparrows ; Reward ; Learning ; Cues ; Food
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1466332-6
ISSN	1435-9456 ; 1435-9448
ISSN (online)	1435-9456
ISSN	1435-9448
DOI	10.1007/s10071-022-01637-1
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Article ; Online: Modelling effects of inter-group contact on links between population size and cultural complexity.

Ben-Oren, Yotam / Strassberg, Sarah Saxton / Hovers, Erella / Kolodny, Oren / Creanza, Nicole

Biology letters

2023 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 20230020

Abstract: Human populations rely on cultural artefacts for their survival. Populations vary dramatically in the size of their tool repertoires, and the determinants of these cultural repertoire sizes have been the focus of extensive study. A prominent hypothesis, ... ...

Abstract	Human populations rely on cultural artefacts for their survival. Populations vary dramatically in the size of their tool repertoires, and the determinants of these cultural repertoire sizes have been the focus of extensive study. A prominent hypothesis, supported by computational models of cultural evolution, asserts that tool repertoire size increases with population size. However, not all empirical studies have found such a correlation, leading to a contentious and ongoing debate. As a possible resolution to this longstanding controversy, we suggest that accounting for even rare cultural migration events that allow sharing of knowledge between different-sized populations may help explain why a population's size might not always predict its cultural repertoire size. Using an agent-based model to test assumptions about the effects of population size and connectivity on tool repertoires, we find that cultural exchange between a focal population and others, particularly with large populations, may significantly boost its tool repertoire size. Thus, two populations of identical size may have drastically different tool repertoire sizes, hinging upon their access to other groups' knowledge. Intermittent contact between populations boosts cultural repertoire size and still allows for the development of unique tool repertoires that have limited overlap between populations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Population Density ; Cultural Evolution
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2135022-X
ISSN	1744-957X ; 1744-9561
ISSN (online)	1744-957X
ISSN	1744-9561
DOI	10.1098/rsbl.2023.0020
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Book ; Online: E-MCTS

Oren, Yaniv / Spaan, Matthijs T. J. / Böhmer, Wendelin

Deep Exploration in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning by Planning with Epistemic Uncertainty

2022

Abstract: One of the most well-studied and highly performing planning approaches used in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Key challenges of MCTS-based MBRL methods remain dedicated deep exploration and reliability in the ...

Abstract	One of the most well-studied and highly performing planning approaches used in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Key challenges of MCTS-based MBRL methods remain dedicated deep exploration and reliability in the face of the unknown, and both challenges can be alleviated through principled epistemic uncertainty estimation in the predictions of MCTS. We present two main contributions: First, we develop methodology to propagate epistemic uncertainty in MCTS, enabling agents to estimate the epistemic uncertainty in their predictions. Second, we utilize the propagated uncertainty for a novel deep exploration algorithm by explicitly planning to explore. We incorporate our approach into variations of MCTS-based MBRL approaches with learned and provided dynamics models, and empirically show deep exploration through successful epistemic uncertainty estimation achieved by our approach. We compare to a non-planning-based deep-exploration baseline, and demonstrate that planning with epistemic MCTS significantly outperforms non-planning based exploration in the investigated deep exploration benchmark. Comment: Submitted to NeurIPS 2023, accepted to EWRL 2023
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2022-10-21
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Oxyanion Removal from Impaired Water by Donnan Dialysis Plug Flow Contactors.

Fox, Shalom / Stadnik, Kristina / Thakur, Amit K / Farkash, Lior / Ronen, Zeev / Oren, Yoram / Gilron, Jack

Membranes

2023 Volume 13, Issue 11

Abstract: In the last twenty-five years, extensive work has been done on ion exchange membrane bioreactors (IEMB) combining Donnan dialysis and anaerobic reduction to remove trace oxyanions (e.g., perchlorate, nitrate, chlorate, arsenate) from contaminated water ... ...

Abstract	In the last twenty-five years, extensive work has been done on ion exchange membrane bioreactors (IEMB) combining Donnan dialysis and anaerobic reduction to remove trace oxyanions (e.g., perchlorate, nitrate, chlorate, arsenate) from contaminated water sources. Most studies used Donnan dialysis contactors with high recirculation rates on the feed side, so under continuous operation, the effective concentration on the feed side of the membrane is the same as the exit concentration (CSTR mode). We have built, characterized, and modelled a plug flow Donnan dialysis contactor (PFR) that maximizes concentration on the feed side and operated it on feed solutions spiked with perchlorate and nitrate ion using ACS and PCA-100 anion exchange membranes. At identical feed inlet concentrations with the ACS membrane, membrane area loading rates are three-fold greater, and fluxes are more than double in the PFR contactor than in the CSTR contactor. A model based on the nonlinear adsorption of perchlorate in ACS membrane correctly predicted the trace ion concentration as a function of space-time in experiments with ACS. For PCA membrane, a linear flux dependence on feed concentration correctly described trace ion feed concentration as a function of space-time. Anion permeability for PCA-100 was high enough that the overall mass transfer was affected by the film boundary layer resistance. These results provide a basis for efficiently scaling up Donnan dialysis contactors and incorporating them in full-scale IEMB setups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2614641-1
ISSN	2077-0375
ISSN	2077-0375
DOI	10.3390/membranes13110856
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Article: Disparities in occupational health services: an international comparative study.

Krakov, Ayala Olga / Zack, Oren / Sagiv, Oren Y / Slodownik, Dan / Raanan, Rachel / Alperovitch-Najenson, Deborah / Rinsky-Halivni, Lilah / Moshe, Shlomo

Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

Abstract: Background: Occupational Health Services (OHS) are comprehensive, multidisciplinary services supplied by various trained workers, including occupational physicians (OP), whose specialty is focused on workers' health.: Aims: Our study questions are ... ...

Abstract	Background: Occupational Health Services (OHS) are comprehensive, multidisciplinary services supplied by various trained workers, including occupational physicians (OP), whose specialty is focused on workers' health. Aims: Our study questions are whether the OP/worker ratio may reflect the scope and availability of OHS. Methods: This comparative study, conducted on globally different OHS, was based on literature analysis of peer-reviewed articles published in journals covering topics of occupational medicine and public health that addressed parameters on the type and scope of OHS provision. Results: We described the number of OP/worker ratio, and the correlation to economic parameters (Gross domestic product-GDP, health expenditure, Gini Index-GI) by country. We found that among countries with a GDP per capita higher than US$30,000, only three (US, South Korea and Israel) had a very low OP/worker ratio (about 1:50,000 compared to 1:5,000 in other countries). Looking at all the countries together, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between health expenditure percentage of GDP per capita and OP/worker ratio (rs = -0.54, p = 0.01) and a significant positive correlation between GI and OP/worker ratio (rs = 0.47, p = 0.04). Conclusions: The lesser the percentage of health expenditure of GDP and the subsequent greater general inequality as reflected by the GI, the lower the OP/worker ratio. The data collected in our comparative study show that the OP/worker ratio is a parameter both easy to define and obtain which best represents the status and disparity of OHS in each country.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2223190-0
ISSN	1745-6673
ISSN	1745-6673
DOI	10.1186/s12995-023-00386-2
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Bibliotherapy: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hazlett-Stevens, Holly / Oren, Yelena

Journal of clinical psychology

2017 Volume 73, Issue 6, Page(s) 626–637

Abstract: Objective: This randomized controlled investigation examined the effectiveness of a self-help bibliotherapy format of the evidence-based mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention.: Method: College students seeking stress reduction were ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This randomized controlled investigation examined the effectiveness of a self-help bibliotherapy format of the evidence-based mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention. Method: College students seeking stress reduction were randomly assigned to a 10-week MBSR bibliotherapy intervention group (n = 47) or a no-treatment control group (n = 45). Self-report measures were collected at baseline and postintervention. Results: A total of 25 bibliotherapy and 43 control group participants provided final data following the intervention period. Compared to the control group, bibliotherapy participants reported increased mindfulness following the intervention. Significant decreases on measures of depression, anxiety, stress, perceived stress, and anxiety sensitivity also were reported postintervention as well as increased quality of life in physical health, psychological, and environmental domains. No statistically significant group effects were found for social relationships quality of life domain, worry, and experiential avoidance measures. Conclusion: This MBSR workbook may provide an acceptable and effective alternative for motivated individuals seeking to reduce stress, at least for a select group of individuals who are willing and able to sustain participation in the intervention.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219160-x
ISSN	1097-4679 ; 0021-9762
ISSN (online)	1097-4679
ISSN	0021-9762
DOI	10.1002/jclp.22370
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Article ; Online: ATF3 characterizes aggressive drug-tolerant persister cells in HGSOC.

Böpple, Kathrin / Oren, Yaara / Henry, Whitney S / Dong, Meng / Weller, Sandra / Thiel, Julia / Kleih, Markus / Gaißler, Andrea / Zipperer, Damaris / Kopp, Hans-Georg / Aylon, Yael / Oren, Moshe / Essmann, Frank / Liang, Chunguang / Aulitzky, Walter E

Cell death & disease

2024 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 290

Abstract: High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer. Despite initial response to platinum-based standard therapy, patients commonly suffer from relapse that likely originates from drug-tolerant ... ...

Abstract	High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) represents the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer. Despite initial response to platinum-based standard therapy, patients commonly suffer from relapse that likely originates from drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells. We generated isogenic clones of treatment-naïve and cisplatin-tolerant persister HGSOC cells. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing of barcoded cells was performed in a xenograft model with HGSOC cell lines after platinum-based therapy. Published single-cell RNA-sequencing data from neo-adjuvant and non-treated HGSOC patients and patient data from TCGA were analyzed. DTP-derived cells exhibited morphological alterations and upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. An aggressive subpopulation of DTP-derived cells showed high expression of the stress marker ATF3. Knockdown of ATF3 enhanced the sensitivity of aggressive DTP-derived cells to cisplatin-induced cell death, implying a role for ATF3 stress response in promoting a drug tolerant persister cell state. Furthermore, single cell lineage tracing to detect transcriptional changes in a HGSOC cell line-derived xenograft relapse model showed that cells derived from relapsed solid tumors express increased levels of EMT and multiple endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, including ATF3. Single cell RNA sequencing of epithelial cells from four HGSOC patients also identified a small cell population resembling DTP cells in all samples. Moreover, analysis of TCGA data from 259 HGSOC patients revealed a significant progression-free survival advantage for patients with low expression of the ATF3-associated partial EMT genes. These findings suggest that increased ATF3 expression together with partial EMT promote the development of aggressive DTP, and thereby relapse in HGSOC patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Activating Transcription Factor 3/metabolism ; Activating Transcription Factor 3/genetics ; Female ; Cisplatin/pharmacology ; Cisplatin/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism ; Animals ; Mice ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Activating Transcription Factor 3 ; Cisplatin (Q20Q21Q62J) ; ATF3 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-024-06674-x
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