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  1. Article: A paradox of traffic and extra cars in a city as a collective behaviour.

    Prieto Curiel, Rafael / González Ramírez, Humberto / Quiñones Domínguez, Mauricio / Orjuela Mendoza, Juan Pablo

    Royal Society open science

    2021  Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) 201808

    Abstract: Promoting walking or cycling and reducing cars' use is one of the city planners' main targets, contributing to a sustainable transport method. Yet, the number of vehicles worldwide is increasing as fast as the population, and motorized mobility has ... ...

    Abstract Promoting walking or cycling and reducing cars' use is one of the city planners' main targets, contributing to a sustainable transport method. Yet, the number of vehicles worldwide is increasing as fast as the population, and motorized mobility has become the primary transport method in most cities. Here, we consider modal share as an emergent behaviour of personal decisions. All individuals minimize their commuting time and reach an equilibrium under which no person is willing to change their transportation mode. In terms of the minimum travel time, the best-case scenario is used to determine the extra commuting time and the excess cars, computed as a social inefficiency. Results show that commuting times could increase up to 25% with many more vehicles than optimum. Paradoxically, all individuals trying to minimize their time could collectively reach the maximum commuting times in the extreme case, with all individuals driving during rush hour.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.201808
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Black Carbon Reduces the Beneficial Effect of Physical Activity on Lung Function.

    Laeremans, Michelle / Dons, Evi / Avila-Palencia, Ione / Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria / Orjuela-Mendoza, Juan Pablo / Anaya-Boig, Esther / Cole-Hunter, Tom / DE Nazelle, Audrey / Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark / Standaert, Arnout / VAN Poppel, Martine / DE Boever, Patrick / Int Panis, Luc

    Medicine and science in sports and exercise

    2018  Volume 50, Issue 9, Page(s) 1875–1881

    Abstract: Introduction: When physical activity is promoted in urban outdoor settings (e.g., walking and cycling), individuals are also exposed to air pollution. It has been reported that short-term lung function increases as a response to physical activity, but ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: When physical activity is promoted in urban outdoor settings (e.g., walking and cycling), individuals are also exposed to air pollution. It has been reported that short-term lung function increases as a response to physical activity, but this beneficial effect is hampered when elevated air pollution concentrations are observed. Our study assessed the long-term impact of air pollution on the pulmonary health benefit of physical activity.
    Methods: Wearable sensors were used to monitor physical activity levels (SenseWear) and exposure to black carbon (microAeth) of 115 healthy adults during 1 wk in three European cities (Antwerp, Barcelona, London). The experiment was repeated in three different seasons to approximate long-term behavior. Spirometry tests were performed at the beginning and end of each measurement week. All results were averaged on a participant level as a proxy for long-term lung function. Mixed effect regression models were used to analyze the long-term impact of physical activity, black carbon and their interaction on lung function parameters, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow (FEF)25-75, and peak expiratory flow. Interaction plots were used to interpret the significant interaction effects.
    Results: Negative interaction effects of physical activity and black carbon exposure on FEV1 (P = 0.07), FEV1/FVC (P = 0.03), and FEF25-75 (P = 0.03) were observed. For black carbon concentrations up to approximately 1 μg·m, an additional MET·h·wk resulted in a trend toward lung function increases (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 increased 5.6 mL, 0.1% and 14.5 mL·s, respectively).
    Conclusions: We found that lung function improved with physical activity at low black carbon levels. This beneficial effect decreased in higher air pollution concentrations. Our results suggest a greater need to reduce air pollution exposures during physical activity.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Carbon/adverse effects ; Cities ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Europe ; Exercise ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Seasons ; Spirometry ; Vital Capacity
    Chemical Substances Particulate Matter ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603994-7
    ISSN 1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    ISSN (online) 1530-0315
    ISSN 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    DOI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001632
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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