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Article ; Online: The effects of betaine supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance during passive heat stress in men.

Willingham, Brandon D / Rentería, Liliana I / Ragland, Tristan J / Ormsbee, Michael J

2023 Volume 11, Issue 16, Page(s) e15792

Abstract: Introduction: Consuming intracellular osmolytes, like betaine (BET), may attenuate symptoms of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BET supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance after a 7-day loading period and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Consuming intracellular osmolytes, like betaine (BET), may attenuate symptoms of heat stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BET supplementation on fluid balance and heat tolerance after a 7-day loading period and during passive heat exposure. Methods: A double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study compared BET or placebo consumption (50 mg·kg Results: During the loading period, no significant interactions were found for any marker of fluid balance between or within conditions. During heat exposure, significant time effects but no condition x time interactions, were found for plasma characteristics (i.e., volume, osmolality, sodium, albumin, and total protein). Plasma volume was significantly increased by min 30 in both conditions (PLA: +6.9. ± 5.0%, BET: +10.2 ± 7.4%) and remained elevated for the remainder of the experimental trial, but was not significantly different between conditions. After 60 min of passive heat exposure, both conditions experienced a similar increase in core temperature (PLA: +0.32 ± 0.22°C, BET: +0.31 ± 0.21°C; p = 0.912). Conclusions: Supplemental BET did not improve markers of fluid balance or heat tolerance during 7 days of loading or during passive heat exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Thermotolerance ; Betaine ; Cross-Over Studies ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; Heat Stress Disorders ; Dietary Supplements ; Polyesters
Chemical Substances	Betaine (3SCV180C9W) ; Polyesters
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2724325-4
ISSN	2051-817X ; 2051-817X
ISSN (online)	2051-817X
ISSN	2051-817X
DOI	10.14814/phy2.15792
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Collagen peptide supplementation for pain and function: is it effective?

Kviatkovsky, Shiloah A / Hickner, Robert C / Ormsbee, Michael J

Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care

2022 Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 401–406

Abstract: Purpose of review: Connective tissue injuries are prevalent in active and aging populations, leading to chronic pain and decreased function. Turnover of this tissue is not well understood, especially as it relates to aging and injury. Supplementation of ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Connective tissue injuries are prevalent in active and aging populations, leading to chronic pain and decreased function. Turnover of this tissue is not well understood, especially as it relates to aging and injury. Supplementation of collagen peptides has been shown to improve connective tissue recovery and pain through increased collagen production. Recent findings: Collagen peptide supplementation improves pain and function, and upregulates metabolic pathways associated with muscle and tendon growth. Literature from the past 12-18 months supports that these pathways are also involved with increased synthesis and degradation of collagen and other elements of the extracellular matrix. Improvements in body composition and strength have been noted with collagen peptide supplementation when paired with resistance training. Collagen peptide supplements are hydrolyzed into small peptides, termed bioactive peptides, and individual amino acids. These bioactive peptides are associated with the benefits observed with collagen peptide supplementation and may play a critical role in the collagen turnover. Summary: Collagen peptide supplementation has been shown to promote recovery, decrease pain, and improve strength and body composition when paired with resistance training. These benefits may be attributed to bioactive peptides in collagen peptide supplements. Additional research is warranted to examine the specific effects of these bioactive peptides.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids ; Collagen/chemistry ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Pain ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Peptides/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Peptides ; Collagen (9007-34-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1460178-3
ISSN	1473-6519 ; 1363-1950
ISSN (online)	1473-6519
ISSN	1363-1950
DOI	10.1097/MCO.0000000000000870
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Zs.A 5586: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Collagen peptides supplementation improves function, pain, and physical and mental outcomes in active adults.

Kviatkovsky, Shiloah A / Hickner, Robert C / Cabre, Hannah E / Small, Stephanie D / Ormsbee, Michael J

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

2023 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 2243252

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic pain affects 19% of adults in the United States, with increasing prevalence in active and aging populations. Pain can limit physical activity and activities of daily living (ADLs), resulting in declined mental and social health. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Chronic pain affects 19% of adults in the United States, with increasing prevalence in active and aging populations. Pain can limit physical activity and activities of daily living (ADLs), resulting in declined mental and social health. Nutritional interventions for pain currently target inflammation or joint health, but few influence both. Collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body and constituent of the extra cellular matrix, is such a nutraceutical. While there have been reports of reductions in pain with short-term collagen peptide (CP) supplementation, there are no long-term studies specifically in healthy middle-aged active adults. Purpose: To determine the effects of daily CP consumption over 3, 6, and 9 months on survey measures of pain, function, and physical and mental health using The Knee Injury & Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS) and Veterans Rand 12 (VR-12) in middle-aged active adults. Methods: This study was a double-blind randomized control trial with three treatment groups (Placebo, 10 g/d CP, and 20 g/d CP). Results: Improvements in ADLs ( Conclusion: These findings suggest 10 to 20 g/d of CP supplementation over 6 to 9 months may improve ADLs, pain, MCS, and PCS in middle-aged active adults.
MeSH term(s)	Middle Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Activities of Daily Living ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy ; Pain/drug therapy ; Peptides ; Dietary Supplements ; Collagen/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Peptides ; Collagen (9007-34-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2162810-5
ISSN	1550-2783 ; 1550-2783
ISSN (online)	1550-2783
ISSN	1550-2783
DOI	10.1080/15502783.2023.2243252
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Article ; Online: The Potential Role of Creatine in Vascular Health.

Clarke, Holly / Hickner, Robert C / Ormsbee, Michael J

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 3

Abstract: Creatine is an organic compound, consumed exogenously in the diet and synthesized endogenously via an intricate inter-organ process. Functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase, creatine has long been known for its pivotal role in cellular energy ... ...

Abstract	Creatine is an organic compound, consumed exogenously in the diet and synthesized endogenously via an intricate inter-organ process. Functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase, creatine has long been known for its pivotal role in cellular energy provision and energy shuttling. In addition to the abundance of evidence supporting the ergogenic benefits of creatine supplementation, recent evidence suggests a far broader application for creatine within various myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, and other pathologies. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy related properties, contributing as a possible direct and in-direct antioxidant and eliciting anti-inflammatory effects. In spite of the new clinical success of supplemental creatine, there is little scientific insight into the potential effects of creatine on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality. Taking into consideration the non-energy related actions of creatine, highlighted in this review, it can be speculated that creatine supplementation may serve as an adjuvant therapy for the management of vascular health in at-risk populations. This review, therefore, not only aims to summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health, but to also shed light onto the potential mechanisms in which creatine may be able to serve as a beneficial supplement capable of imparting vascular-protective properties and promoting vascular health.
MeSH term(s)	Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; Creatine/pharmacology ; Dietary Supplements ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Cardiovascular Agents ; Creatine (MU72812GK0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13030857
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Article ; Online: Cold Ambient Temperature Does Not Alter Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Blood Flow in Endurance-Trained Cyclists.

Bach, Christopher W / Saracino, Patrick G / Baur, Daniel A / Willingham, Brandon D / Ruby, Brent C / Ormsbee, Michael J

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

2024 Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 145–153

Abstract: This study sought to investigate the effect of cold ambient temperature on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) lipolysis and blood flow during steady-state endurance exercise in endurance-trained cyclists. Ten males (age: 23 ± 3 years; peak ... ...

Abstract	This study sought to investigate the effect of cold ambient temperature on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) lipolysis and blood flow during steady-state endurance exercise in endurance-trained cyclists. Ten males (age: 23 ± 3 years; peak oxygen consumption: 60.60 ± 4.84 ml·kg-1·min-1; body fat: 18.4% ± 3.5%) participated in baseline lactate threshold (LT) and peak oxygen consumption testing, two familiarization trials, and two experimental trials. Experimental trials consisted of cycling in COLD (3 °C; 42% relative humidity) and neutral (NEU; 19 °C; 39% relative humidity) temperatures. Exercise consisted of 25 min cycling at 70% LT and 25 min at 90% LT. In situ SCAAT lipolysis and blood flow were measured via microdialysis. Heart rate, core temperature, carbohydrate and fat oxidation, blood glucose, and blood lactate were also measured. Heart rate, core temperature, oxygen consumption, and blood lactate increased with exercise but were not different between COLD and NEU. SCAAT blood flow did not change from rest to exercise or between COLD and NEU. Interstitial glycerol increased during exercise (p < .001) with no difference between COLD and NEU. Fat oxidation increased (p < .001) at the onset of exercise and remained elevated thereafter with no difference between COLD and NEU. Carbohydrate oxidation increased with increasing exercise intensity and was greater at 70% LT in COLD compared to NEU (p = .030). No differences were observed between conditions for any other variable. Cycling exercise increased SCAAT lipolysis but not blood flow. Ambient temperature did not alter SCAAT metabolism, SCAAT blood flow, or fat oxidation in well-trained cyclists, though cold exposure increased whole-body carbohydrate oxidation at lower exercise intensities.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Lipolysis/physiology ; Temperature ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Abdominal Fat/metabolism ; Lactates/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Glycerol ; Cold Temperature
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Lactates ; Glycerol (PDC6A3C0OX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1101115-4
ISSN	1543-2742 ; 1050-1606 ; 1526-484X
ISSN (online)	1543-2742
ISSN	1050-1606 ; 1526-484X
DOI	10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0150
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Zs.A 4143: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Betaine Supplementation May Improve Heat Tolerance: Potential Mechanisms in Humans.

Willingham, Brandon D / Ragland, Tristan J / Ormsbee, Michael J

Nutrients

2020 Volume 12, Issue 10

Abstract: Betaine has been demonstrated to increase tolerance to hypertonic and thermal stressors. At the cellular level, intracellular betaine functions similar to molecular chaperones, thereby reducing the need for inducible heat shock protein expression. In ... ...

Abstract	Betaine has been demonstrated to increase tolerance to hypertonic and thermal stressors. At the cellular level, intracellular betaine functions similar to molecular chaperones, thereby reducing the need for inducible heat shock protein expression. In addition to stabilizing protein conformations, betaine has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative damage. For the enterocyte, during periods of reduced perfusion as well as greater oxidative, thermal, and hypertonic stress (i.e., prolonged exercise in hot-humid conditions), betaine results in greater villi length and evidence for greater membrane integrity. Collectively, this reduces exercise-induced gut permeability, protecting against bacterial translocation and endotoxemia. At the systemic level, chronic betaine intake has been shown to reduce core temperature, all-cause mortality, markers of inflammation, and change blood chemistry in several animal models when exposed to heat stress. Despite convincing research in cell culture and animal models, only one published study exists exploring betaine's thermoregulatory function in humans. If the same premise holds true for humans, chronic betaine consumption may increase heat tolerance and provide another avenue of supplementation for those who find that heat stress is a major factor in their work, or training for exercise and sport. Yet, this remains speculative until data demonstrate such effects in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Betaine/pharmacology ; Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects ; Carbohydrates ; Caseins ; Dietary Supplements ; Endotoxemia ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Response ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Lipids ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Molecular Chaperones ; Osmotic Pressure ; Plant Proteins, Dietary ; Thermotolerance/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates ; Caseins ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Lipids ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Molecular Chaperones ; Plant Proteins, Dietary ; Osmolite (102257-18-1) ; Betaine (3SCV180C9W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12102939
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Early Detection of COVID-19 in Female Athletes Using Wearable Technology.

Rentería, Liliana I / Greenwalt, Casey E / Johnson, Sarah / Kviatkovsky, Shiloah A / Dupuit, Marine / Angeles, Elisa / Narayanan, Sachin / Zeleny, Tucker / Ormsbee, Michael J

Sports health

2023 , Page(s) 19417381231183709

Abstract: Background: Heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and resting heart rate (RHR) are common variables measured by wrist-worn activity trackers to monitor health, fitness, and recovery in athletes. Variations in RR are observed in lower- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and resting heart rate (RHR) are common variables measured by wrist-worn activity trackers to monitor health, fitness, and recovery in athletes. Variations in RR are observed in lower-respiratory infections, and preliminary data suggest changes in HRV and RR are linked to early detection of COVID-19 infection in nonathletes. Hypothesis: Wearable technology measuring HRV, RR, RHR, and recovery will be successful for early detection of COVID-19 in NCAA Division I female athletes. Study design: Cohort study. Level of evidence: Level 2. Methods: Female athletes wore WHOOP, Inc. bands through the 2020 to 2021 competitive season. Of the athletes who tested positive for COVID (n = 33), 14 had enough data to be assessed (N = 14; 20.0 ± 1.3 years; 69.8 ± 7.2 kg; 172.0 ± 8.3 cm). Roughly 2 weeks of noninfected days were used to set baseline levels of HRV, RR, recovery, and RHR to compare with -3, -2, and -1 days before a positive COVID-19 result. Results: Increases in RR ( Conclusion: In female athletes, wearable technology was successful in predicting COVID-19 infection through changes in RR 3 days before a positive test, and also HRV and RHR the day before a positive test. Clinical relevance: Wearable technology may be used, as part of a multifaceted approach, for the early detection of COVID-19 in elite athletes through monitoring of HRV, RR, and RHR for overall team health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2508802-6
ISSN	1941-0921 ; 1941-7381
ISSN (online)	1941-0921
ISSN	1941-7381
DOI	10.1177/19417381231183709
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Zs.A 6996: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Gastrointestinal pathophysiology during endurance exercise: endocrine, microbiome, and nutritional influences.

Smith, Kyle A / Pugh, Jamie N / Duca, Frank A / Close, Graeme L / Ormsbee, Michael J

European journal of applied physiology

2021 Volume 121, Issue 10, Page(s) 2657–2674

Abstract: Gastrointestinal symptoms are abundant among athletes engaging in endurance exercise, particularly when exercising in increased environmental temperatures, at higher intensities, or over extremely long distances. It is currently thought that prolonged ... ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal symptoms are abundant among athletes engaging in endurance exercise, particularly when exercising in increased environmental temperatures, at higher intensities, or over extremely long distances. It is currently thought that prolonged ischemia, mechanical damage to the epithelial lining, and loss of epithelial barrier integrity are likely contributors of gastrointestinal (GI) distress during bouts of endurance exercise, but due to the many potential causes and sporadic nature of symptoms this phenomenon has proven difficult to study. In this review, we cover known factors that contribute to GI distress symptoms in athletes during exercise, while further attempting to identify novel avenues of future research to help elucidate mechanisms leading to symptomology. We explore the link between the intestinal microbiome, the integrity of the gut epithelia, and add detail on gut hormone and peptide secretion that could potentially contribute to GI distress symptoms in athletes. The influence of nutrition and dietary supplementation strategies are also detailed, where much research has opened up new ideas and potential mechanisms for understanding gut pathophysiology during exercise. The etiology of gastrointestinal symptoms during endurance exercise is multi-factorial with neuroendocrine, microbial, and nutritional factors likely contributing to specific, individualized symptoms. Recent work in previously unexplored areas of both microbiome and gut peptide secretion are pertinent areas for future work, and the numerous supplementation strategies explored to date have provided insight into physiological mechanisms that may be targetable to reduce the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in athletes.
MeSH term(s)	Exercise/physiology ; Exercise Therapy ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans ; Microbiota/physiology ; Physical Endurance/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	124793-1
ISSN	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
ISSN	0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
DOI	10.1007/s00421-021-04737-x
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Uc I Zs.195: Show issues

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Article: The Evolving Applications of Creatine Supplementation: Could Creatine Improve Vascular Health?

Clarke, Holly / Kim, Do-Houn / Meza, Cesar A / Ormsbee, Michael J / Hickner, Robert C

Nutrients. 2020 Sept. 16, v. 12, no. 9

2020

Abstract: Creatine is a naturally occurring compound, functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase to play a quintessential role in both cellular energy provision and intracellular energy shuttling. An extensive body of literature solidifies the plethora of ... ...

Abstract	Creatine is a naturally occurring compound, functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase to play a quintessential role in both cellular energy provision and intracellular energy shuttling. An extensive body of literature solidifies the plethora of ergogenic benefits gained following dietary creatine supplementation; however, recent findings have further indicated a potential therapeutic role for creatine in several pathologies such as myopathies, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disturbances, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy-related properties, such as serving as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Despite the therapeutic success of creatine supplementation in varying clinical populations, there is scarce information regarding the potential application of creatine for combatting the current leading cause of mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Taking into consideration the broad ergogenic and non-energy-related actions of creatine, we hypothesize that creatine supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving vascular health in at-risk populations such as older adults or those with CVD. With an extensive literature search, we have found only four clinical studies that have investigated the direct effect of creatine on vascular health and function. In this review, we aim to give a short background on the pleiotropic applications of creatine, and to then summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health. Furthermore, we discuss the varying mechanisms by which creatine could benefit vascular health and function, such as the impact of creatine supplementation upon inflammation and oxidative stress.
Keywords	antioxidants ; cardiovascular diseases ; creatine ; creatine kinase ; energy ; inflammation ; information ; kidney diseases ; literature ; mortality ; oxidative stress ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0916
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12092834
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Betaine Supplementation May Improve Heat Tolerance: Potential Mechanisms in Humans

Willingham, Brandon D / Ragland, Tristan J / Ormsbee, Michael J

Nutrients. 2020 Sept. 25, v. 12, no. 10

2020

Abstract	Betaine has been demonstrated to increase tolerance to hypertonic and thermal stressors. At the cellular level, intracellular betaine functions similar to molecular chaperones, thereby reducing the need for inducible heat shock protein expression. In addition to stabilizing protein conformations, betaine has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative damage. For the enterocyte, during periods of reduced perfusion as well as greater oxidative, thermal, and hypertonic stress (i.e., prolonged exercise in hot-humid conditions), betaine results in greater villi length and evidence for greater membrane integrity. Collectively, this reduces exercise-induced gut permeability, protecting against bacterial translocation and endotoxemia. At the systemic level, chronic betaine intake has been shown to reduce core temperature, all-cause mortality, markers of inflammation, and change blood chemistry in several animal models when exposed to heat stress. Despite convincing research in cell culture and animal models, only one published study exists exploring betaine’s thermoregulatory function in humans. If the same premise holds true for humans, chronic betaine consumption may increase heat tolerance and provide another avenue of supplementation for those who find that heat stress is a major factor in their work, or training for exercise and sport. Yet, this remains speculative until data demonstrate such effects in humans.
Keywords	animal models ; betaine ; blood chemistry ; cell culture ; digestive system ; endotoxemia ; exercise ; heat shock proteins ; heat stress ; heat tolerance ; humans ; inflammation ; length ; mortality ; nutrients ; permeability ; protein synthesis ; research ; sports ; temperature ; villi
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0925
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12102939
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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