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Article: Dietary microplastics: Occurrence, exposure and health implications

Sánchez, Alicia / Rodríguez, Pilar / Domene, Adrián / Orozco, Helena / Vélez, Dinoraz / Devesa, Vicenta

Environmental research. 2022 Mar. 17,

2022

Abstract: The increasing use of plastic materials generates an enormous amount of waste. In the aquatic environment, a significant part of this waste is present in the form of microplastics (MPs)- particles with a diameter of between 0.1 μm and 5 mm. The arrival ... ...

Abstract	The increasing use of plastic materials generates an enormous amount of waste. In the aquatic environment, a significant part of this waste is present in the form of microplastics (MPs)- particles with a diameter of between 0.1 μm and 5 mm. The arrival of these small plastics in the food chain has been recently documented. MPs have been reported in fishery products, drinking water and sea salt among other foods. Their intestinal absorption is considered limited due to their size, however, they contain a mixture of chemicals intentionally added during their manufacture, which could cross the intestinal barrier. Currently there are not enough data to allow an accurate assessment of the risk associated with dietary exposure to MPs. The lack of robust methodologies is undoubtedly one of the main problems. There is limited information on occurrence in dietary sources (drinking water and food), human intake, toxicokinetics and long term toxicity of these contaminants. The present review describes the studies published so far and points to the need for improved knowledge in order to have a more accurate view of the problems posed by MPs.
Keywords	aquatic environment ; dietary exposure ; fisheries ; food chain ; humans ; intestinal absorption ; intestines ; manufacturing ; microplastics ; pharmacokinetics ; research ; risk assessment ; toxicity ; wastes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0317
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113150
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Article ; Online: Dietary microplastics: Occurrence, exposure and health implications.

Sánchez, Alicia / Rodríguez-Viso, Pilar / Domene, Adrián / Orozco, Helena / Vélez, Dinoraz / Devesa, Vicenta

Environmental research

2022 Volume 212, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 113150

Abstract	The increasing use of plastic materials generates an enormous amount of waste. In the aquatic environment, a significant part of this waste is present in the form of microplastics (MPs)- particles with a diameter of between 0.1 μm and 5 mm. The arrival of these small plastics in the food chain has been recently documented. MPs have been reported in fishery products, drinking water and sea salt among other foods. Their intestinal absorption is considered limited due to their size, however, they contain a mixture of chemicals intentionally added during their manufacture, which could cross the intestinal barrier. Currently there are not enough data to allow an accurate assessment of the risk associated with dietary exposure to MPs. The lack of robust methodologies is undoubtedly one of the main problems. There is limited information on occurrence in dietary sources (drinking water and food), human intake, toxicokinetics and long term toxicity of these contaminants. The present review describes the studies published so far and points to the need for improved knowledge in order to have a more accurate view of the problems posed by MPs.
MeSH term(s)	Drinking Water ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Microplastics/toxicity ; Plastics/toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Drinking Water ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.113150
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Article ; Online: Impact of Chronic Exposure to Arsenate through Drinking Water on the Intestinal Barrier.

Domene, Adrián / Orozco, Helena / Rodríguez-Viso, Pilar / Monedero, Vicente / Zúñiga, Manuel / Vélez, Dinoraz / Devesa, Vicenta

Chemical research in toxicology

2023 Volume 36, Issue 11, Page(s) 1731–1744

Abstract: Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) [As(III) + As(V)], which affects millions of people, increases the incidence of some kinds of cancer and other noncarcinogenic pathologies. Although the oral pathway is the main source of exposure, ...

Abstract	Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) [As(III) + As(V)], which affects millions of people, increases the incidence of some kinds of cancer and other noncarcinogenic pathologies. Although the oral pathway is the main source of exposure,
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Arsenates/toxicity ; Drinking Water ; Cytokines ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Chemical Substances	arsenic acid (N7CIZ75ZPN) ; Arsenates ; Drinking Water ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639353-6
ISSN	1520-5010 ; 0893-228X
ISSN (online)	1520-5010
ISSN	0893-228X
DOI	10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00201
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Article: Yeast Life Span and its Impact on Food Fermentations

Aranda, Agustín / Orozco, Helena / Picazo, Cecilia / Matallana, Emilia

Fermentation. 2019 Apr. 26, v. 5, no. 2

2019

Abstract: Yeasts are very important microorganisms for food production. The high fermentative capacity, mainly of the species of the genus Saccharomyces, is a key factor for their biotechnological use, particularly to produce alcoholic beverages. As viability and ... ...

Abstract	Yeasts are very important microorganisms for food production. The high fermentative capacity, mainly of the species of the genus Saccharomyces, is a key factor for their biotechnological use, particularly to produce alcoholic beverages. As viability and vitality are essential to ensure their correct performance in industry, this review addresses the main aspects related to the cellular aging of these fungi as their senescence impacts their proper functioning. Laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae have proven a very successful model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that control life span. Those mechanisms are shared by all eukaryotic cells. S. cerevisiae has two models of aging, replicative and chronological. Replicative life span is measured by the number of daughter cells a mother can produce. This kind of aging is relevant when the yeast biomass is reused, as in the case of beer fermentations. Chronological life span is measured by the time cells are viable in the stationary phase, and this is relevant for batch fermentations when cells are most of the time in a non-dividing state, such as wine fermentations. The molecular causes and pathways regulating both types of aging are explained in this review.
Keywords	Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; beers ; biomass ; eukaryotic cells ; fermentation ; food production ; industry ; longevity ; models ; viability ; wines ; yeasts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0426
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2813985-9
ISSN	2311-5637
ISSN	2311-5637
DOI	10.3390/fermentation5020037
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Article: Novel insights in the production, activity and protective effect of Penicillium expansum antifungal proteins

Gandía, Mónica / Monge, Ana / Garrigues, Sandra / Orozco, Helena / Giner-Llorca, Moisés / Marcos, Jose F / Manzanares, Paloma

International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020 Dec. 01, v. 164

2020

Abstract: Antifungal proteins (AFPs) offer a great potential as new biofungicides to control deleterious fungi. The phytopathogenic fungus Penicillium expansum encodes three phylogenetically distinct AFPs, PeAfpA, PeAfpB and PeAfpC. Here, PeAfpA, a potent in vitro ...

Abstract	Antifungal proteins (AFPs) offer a great potential as new biofungicides to control deleterious fungi. The phytopathogenic fungus Penicillium expansum encodes three phylogenetically distinct AFPs, PeAfpA, PeAfpB and PeAfpC. Here, PeAfpA, a potent in vitro self-inhibitory protein, was demonstrated to control the infection caused by P. expansum in Golden apple fruits. We determined the production of the three proteins in different growth media. PeAfpA and PeAfpC were simultaneously produced by P. expansum in three out of the eight media tested as detected by Western blot, whereas PeAfpB was not detected even in those described for class B AFP production. Regardless of the culture medium, the carbon source affected Peafp expression. Notably, the production of PeAfpA was strain-dependent, but analyses of PeafpA regulatory sequences in the three strains studied could not explain differences in protein production. None of the PeAFPs was produced during apple infection, suggesting no relevant role in pathogenesis. PeAfpA together with PeAfpB and also with Penicillium digitatum PdAfpB showed synergistic interaction. The highly active antifungal PeAfpA also showed moderate antibacterial activity. We conclude that there is not a general pattern for Peafp gene expression, protein production or antimicrobial activity and confirm PeAfpA as a promising compound for postharvest conservation.
Keywords	Penicillium digitatum ; Penicillium expansum ; Western blotting ; antibacterial properties ; apples ; biopesticides ; carbon ; culture media ; gene expression ; pathogenesis ; phylogeny ; plant pathogenic fungi ; protective effect ; protein synthesis ; synergism
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1201
Size	p. 3922-3931.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.208
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Article ; Online: Herbicide glufosinate inhibits yeast growth and extends longevity during wine fermentation.

Vallejo, Beatriz / Picazo, Cecilia / Orozco, Helena / Matallana, Emilia / Aranda, Agustín

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 12414

Abstract: Glufosinate ammonium (GA) is a widely used herbicide that inhibits glutamine synthetase. This inhibition leads to internal amino acid starvation which, in turn, causes the activation of different nutrient sensing pathways. GA also inhibits the enzyme of ... ...

Abstract	Glufosinate ammonium (GA) is a widely used herbicide that inhibits glutamine synthetase. This inhibition leads to internal amino acid starvation which, in turn, causes the activation of different nutrient sensing pathways. GA also inhibits the enzyme of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in such a way that, although it is not used as a fungicide, it may alter yeast performance in industrial processes like winemaking. We describe herein how GA indeed inhibits the yeast growth of a wine strain during the fermentation of grape juice. In turn, GA extends longevity in a variety of growth media. The biochemical analysis indicates that GA partially inhibits the nutrient sensing TORC1 pathway, which may explain these phenotypes. The GCN2 kinase mutant is hypersensitive to GA. Hence the control of translation and amino acid biosynthesis is required to also deal with the damaging effects of this pesticide. A global metabolomics analysis under winemaking conditions indicated that an increase in amino acid and in polyamines occurred. In conclusion, GA affects many different biochemical processes during winemaking, which provides us with some insights into both the effect of this herbicide on yeast physiology and into the relevance of the metabolic step for connecting nitrogen and carbon metabolism.
MeSH term(s)	Aminobutyrates/pharmacology ; Fermentation/drug effects ; Herbicides/pharmacology ; Herbicides/toxicity ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Wine
Chemical Substances	Aminobutyrates ; Herbicides ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; TORC1 protein complex, S cerevisiae ; Transcription Factors ; phosphinothricin (51276-47-2) ; GCN2 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-12794-6
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Article ; Online: Sch9p kinase and the Gcn4p transcription factor regulate glycerol production during winemaking.

Vallejo, Beatriz / Orozco, Helena / Picazo, Cecilia / Matallana, Emilia / Aranda, Agustín

FEMS yeast research

2017 Volume 17, Issue 1

Abstract: Grape juice fermentation is a harsh environment with many stressful conditions, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapts its metabolism in response to those environmental challenges. Many nutrient-sensing pathways control this feature. The Tor/Sch9p pathway ... ...

Abstract	Grape juice fermentation is a harsh environment with many stressful conditions, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapts its metabolism in response to those environmental challenges. Many nutrient-sensing pathways control this feature. The Tor/Sch9p pathway promotes growth and protein synthesis when nutrients are plenty, while the transcription factor Gcn4p is required for the activation of amino acid biosynthetic pathways. We previously showed that Sch9p impact on longevity depends on the nitrogen/carbon ratio. When nitrogen is limiting, SCH9 deletion shortens chronological life span, which is the case under winemaking conditions. Its deletion also increases glycerol during fermentation, so the impact of this pathway on metabolism under winemaking conditions was studied by transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. SCH9 deletion causes the upregulation of many amino acid biosynthesis pathways. When Gcn4p was overexpressed during winemaking, increased glycerol production was also observed. Therefore, both pathways are related in terms of glycerol production. SCH9 deletion increased the amount of the limiting enzyme in glycerol biosynthesis, glycerol-3-P dehydrogenase Gpd1p at the protein level. The impact on the metabolome of SCH9 deletion and GCN4 overexpression differed, although both showed a downregulation of glycolysis. SCH9 deletion downregulated the amount of most proteinogenic amino acids and increased the amount of lipids, such as ergosterol.
MeSH term(s)	Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Glycerol/metabolism ; Metabolomics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Wine/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; GCN4 protein, S cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; SCH9 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Glycerol (PDC6A3C0OX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2036775-2
ISSN	1567-1364 ; 1567-1356
ISSN (online)	1567-1364
ISSN	1567-1356
DOI	10.1093/femsyr/fow106
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Article ; Online: Interplay among Gcn5, Sch9 and mitochondria during chronological aging of wine yeast is dependent on growth conditions.

Picazo, Cecilia / Orozco, Helena / Matallana, Emilia / Aranda, Agustín

PloS one

2015 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) e0117267

Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae chronological life span (CLS) is determined by a wide variety of environmental and genetic factors. Nutrient limitation without malnutrition, i.e. dietary restriction, expands CLS through the control of nutrient signaling ... ...

Abstract	Saccharomyces cerevisiae chronological life span (CLS) is determined by a wide variety of environmental and genetic factors. Nutrient limitation without malnutrition, i.e. dietary restriction, expands CLS through the control of nutrient signaling pathways, of which TOR/Sch9 has proven to be the most relevant, particularly under nitrogen deprivation. The use of prototrophic wine yeast allows a better understanding of the role of nitrogen in longevity in natural and more demanding environments, such as grape juice fermentation. We previously showed that acetyltransferase Gcn5, a member of the SAGA complex, has opposite effects on CLS under laboratory and winemaking conditions, and is detrimental under the latter. Here we demonstrate that integrity of the SAGA complex is necessary for prolonged longevity, as its dismantling by SPT20 deletion causes a drop in CLS under both laboratory and winemaking conditions. The sch9Δ mutant is long-lived in synthetic SC medium, as expected, and the combined deletion of GCN5 partially suppresses this phenotype. However it is short-lived in grape juice, likely due to its low nitrogen/carbon ratio. Therefore, unbalance of nutrients can be more relevant for life span than total amounts of them. Deletion of RTG2, which codes for a protein associated with Gcn5 and is a component of the mitochondrial retrograde signal, and which communicates mitochondrial dysfunction to the nucleus, is detrimental under laboratory, but not under winemaking conditions, where respiration seems not so relevant for longevity. Transcription factor Rgm1 was found to be a novel CLS regulator Sch9-dependently.
MeSH term(s)	Autophagy ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/genetics ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Histone Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Longevity ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/deficiency ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Wine/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; RTG2 protein, S cerevisiae ; SPT20 protein, S cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; GCN5 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.3.1.48) ; Histone Acetyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.48) ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; SCH9 protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; UBP8 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 3.4.99.-) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0117267
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Article ; Online: Genetic manipulation of longevity-related genes as a tool to regulate yeast life span and metabolite production during winemaking

Orozco Helena / Matallana Emilia / Aranda Agustín

Microbial Cell Factories, Vol 12, Iss 1, p

2013 Volume 1

Abstract: Abstract Background Yeast viability and vitality are essential for different industrial processes where the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a biotechnological tool. Therefore, the decline of yeast biological functions during aging may ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Yeast viability and vitality are essential for different industrial processes where the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a biotechnological tool. Therefore, the decline of yeast biological functions during aging may compromise their successful biotechnological use. Life span is controlled by a variety of molecular mechanisms, many of which are connected to stress tolerance and genomic stability, although the metabolic status of a cell has proven a main factor affecting its longevity. Acetic acid and ethanol accumulation shorten chronological life span (CLS), while glycerol extends it. Results Different age-related gene classes have been modified by deletion or overexpression to test their role in longevity and metabolism. Overexpression of histone deacetylase SIR2 extends CLS and reduces acetate production, while overexpression of SIR2 homolog HST3 shortens CLS, increases the ethanol level, and reduces acetic acid production. HST3 overexpression also enhances ethanol tolerance. Increasing tolerance to oxidative stress by superoxide dismutase SOD2 overexpression has only a moderate positive effect on CLS. CLS during grape juice fermentation has also been studied for mutants on several mRNA binding proteins that are regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level; we found that NGR1 and UTH4 deletions decrease CLS, while PUF3 and PUB1 deletions increase it. Besides, the pub1 Δ mutation increases glycerol production and blocks stress granule formation during grape juice fermentation. Surprisingly, factors relating to apoptosis, such as caspase Yca1 or apoptosis-inducing factor Aif1, play a positive role in yeast longevity during winemaking as their deletions shorten CLS. Conclusions Manipulation of regulators of gene expression at both transcriptional (i.e., sirtuins) and posttranscriptional (i.e., mRNA binding protein Pub1) levels allows to modulate yeast life span during its biotechnological use. Due to links between aging and metabolism, it also influences the production profile of metabolites of industrial relevance.
Keywords	Yeast ; Chronological aging ; Stress ; Ethanol ; Sirtuins ; HST3 ; PUB1 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Microbiology ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel insights in the production, activity and protective effect of Penicillium expansum antifungal proteins.

Gandía, Mónica / Monge, Ana / Garrigues, Sandra / Orozco, Helena / Giner-Llorca, Moisés / Marcos, Jose F / Manzanares, Paloma

International journal of biological macromolecules

2020 Volume 164, Page(s) 3922–3931

Abstract	Antifungal proteins (AFPs) offer a great potential as new biofungicides to control deleterious fungi. The phytopathogenic fungus Penicillium expansum encodes three phylogenetically distinct AFPs, PeAfpA, PeAfpB and PeAfpC. Here, PeAfpA, a potent in vitro self-inhibitory protein, was demonstrated to control the infection caused by P. expansum in Golden apple fruits. We determined the production of the three proteins in different growth media. PeAfpA and PeAfpC were simultaneously produced by P. expansum in three out of the eight media tested as detected by Western blot, whereas PeAfpB was not detected even in those described for class B AFP production. Regardless of the culture medium, the carbon source affected Peafp expression. Notably, the production of PeAfpA was strain-dependent, but analyses of PeafpA regulatory sequences in the three strains studied could not explain differences in protein production. None of the PeAFPs was produced during apple infection, suggesting no relevant role in pathogenesis. PeAfpA together with PeAfpB and also with Penicillium digitatum PdAfpB showed synergistic interaction. The highly active antifungal PeAfpA also showed moderate antibacterial activity. We conclude that there is not a general pattern for Peafp gene expression, protein production or antimicrobial activity and confirm PeAfpA as a promising compound for postharvest conservation.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents/chemistry ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Food Microbiology ; Fruit/drug effects ; Fruit/microbiology ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry ; Fungal Proteins/pharmacology ; Malus/drug effects ; Malus/microbiology ; Penicillium/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents ; Fungal Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.208
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