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Article ; Online: Oxidative stress responses and recovery patterns in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl.

Oruc, Elif

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology

2012 Volume 88, Issue 5, Page(s) 678–684

Abstract: Chlorpyrifos is the most common insecticide in freshwater ecosystems, and detected in agricultural and fishery product. In this study, Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to 5, 10 and 15 ppb sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos in order to determine ... ...

Abstract	Chlorpyrifos is the most common insecticide in freshwater ecosystems, and detected in agricultural and fishery product. In this study, Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to 5, 10 and 15 ppb sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos in order to determine the oxidative stress response in liver. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly inhibited. Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) increased after 15 days of chlorpyrifos treatments at all concentrations (146.95%, 53.04%, 208.70%, respectively). Malondialdehyde levels were higher than that of the control level after 15 days of 5 ppb (95.65%), 10 ppb (69.56%) and 15 ppb (252.17%) chlorpyrifos treatments. Malondialdehyde levels were also increased ranging from 59.09%, 113.63% to 195.46% after 30 days of 5, 10 and 15 ppb chlorpyrifos exposures. Glutathione S-transferase activity decreased except for 15 days low concentration exposure. Catalase (CAT) activity decreased while there is no significant alteration in glutathione peroxidase activity. After recovery period, the low concentration group of chlorpyrifos provided a protection in AChE activity during recovery, but fish were observed to be unable to overcome the inhibition of AChE activity at high concentration groups. CAT activity remained reduced, SOD activity increased whereas the other biochemical parameters recovered to control levels. Results of this study suggest that chlorpyrifos induces oxidative stress in the liver of O. niloticus and this effect is not related with anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of pesticide.
MeSH term(s)	Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; Catalase/metabolism ; Cichlids ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/metabolism ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds/toxicity ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; chlorpyrifos-ethyl ; Malondialdehyde (4Y8F71G49Q) ; Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) ; Glutathione Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Glutathione Transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	6895-0
ISSN	1432-0800 ; 0007-4861
ISSN (online)	1432-0800
ISSN	0007-4861
DOI	10.1007/s00128-012-0548-4
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Article ; Online: Effects of diazinon on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in the liver of Cyprinus carpio (L.).

Oruc, Elif

Environmental toxicology

2011 Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 571–578

Abstract: Diazinon is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide in agriculture and environmental health, hence its adverse effects on nontarget animals, especially on fish is to be determined. The present study therefore aimed at detecting the biochemical changes ... ...

Abstract	Diazinon is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide in agriculture and environmental health, hence its adverse effects on nontarget animals, especially on fish is to be determined. The present study therefore aimed at detecting the biochemical changes caused by diazinon. To accomplish this aim, we studied the effects of sublethal concentrations (0.0036, 0.018, and 0.036 ppb) of diazinon on acetylcholine esterase activity, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation in the liver of Cyprinus carpio on days 5, 15, and 30 after the exposure. The results revealed that the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were induced by diazinon exposure. In addition, the highest catalytic activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) was obtained with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). GST activity toward 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) was also observed in the liver, yet it was relatively low as opposed to the other substrates tested. On the other hand, hepatic malondialdehyde level did not show any significant alteration except after the exposure on day 15. The exposure of low concentrations of diazinon to C. carpio can induce oxidative stress in liver; yet restoring susceptibility and adapting to oxidative stress are likely to occur when low level of oxidative stress is administered. Furthermore, no significant change was observed in hepatic lipid peroxidation after diazinon treatment indicating that liver tissue resisted to oxidative stress by enhancing their antioxidant mechanisms. The level of lipid peroxidation was assumed to be associated with the concentrations of diazinon and experimentation periods. The induction of glutathione S-transferase and antioxidant enzyme activities were also assumed to have resulted from the defense against the toxicity of diazinon.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Carps/physiology ; Catalase/metabolism ; Diazinon/toxicity ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver/metabolism ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Insecticides ; Malondialdehyde (4Y8F71G49Q) ; Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) ; Glutathione Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Glutathione Transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O) ; Diazinon (YUS1M1Q929)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1463449-1
ISSN	1522-7278 ; 1520-4081
ISSN (online)	1522-7278
ISSN	1520-4081
DOI	10.1002/tox.20573
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Article: Oxidative Stress Responses and Recovery Patterns in the Liver of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl

Oruc, Elif

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2012 May, v. 88, no. 5

2012

Abstract	Chlorpyrifos is the most common insecticide in freshwater ecosystems, and detected in agricultural and fishery product. In this study, Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to 5, 10 and 15 ppb sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos in order to determine the oxidative stress response in liver. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly inhibited. Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) increased after 15 days of chlorpyrifos treatments at all concentrations (146.95%, 53.04%, 208.70%, respectively). Malondialdehyde levels were higher than that of the control level after 15 days of 5 ppb (95.65%), 10 ppb (69.56%) and 15 ppb (252.17%) chlorpyrifos treatments. Malondialdehyde levels were also increased ranging from 59.09%, 113.63% to 195.46% after 30 days of 5, 10 and 15 ppb chlorpyrifos exposures. Glutathione S-transferase activity decreased except for 15 days low concentration exposure. Catalase (CAT) activity decreased while there is no significant alteration in glutathione peroxidase activity. After recovery period, the low concentration group of chlorpyrifos provided a protection in AChE activity during recovery, but fish were observed to be unable to overcome the inhibition of AChE activity at high concentration groups. CAT activity remained reduced, SOD activity increased whereas the other biochemical parameters recovered to control levels. Results of this study suggest that chlorpyrifos induces oxidative stress in the liver of O. niloticus and this effect is not related with anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of pesticide.
Keywords	Oreochromis niloticus ; acetylcholinesterase ; catalase ; chlorpyrifos ; ecosystems ; fish ; fisheries ; glutathione peroxidase ; glutathione transferase ; liver ; malondialdehyde ; oxidative stress ; stress response ; superoxide dismutase
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-05
Size	p. 678-684.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	6895-0
ISSN	1432-0800 ; 0007-4861
ISSN (online)	1432-0800
ISSN	0007-4861
DOI	10.1007/s00128-012-0548-4
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Article: Effects of diazinon on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in the liver of Cyprinus carpio (L.)

Oruc, Elif

Environmental toxicology. 2011 Nov., v. 26, no. 6

2011

Abstract	Diazinon is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide in agriculture and environmental health, hence its adverse effects on nontarget animals, especially on fish is to be determined. The present study therefore aimed at detecting the biochemical changes caused by diazinon. To accomplish this aim, we studied the effects of sublethal concentrations (0.0036, 0.018, and 0.036 ppb) of diazinon on acetylcholine esterase activity, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation in the liver of Cyprinus carpio on days 5, 15, and 30 after the exposure. The results revealed that the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were induced by diazinon exposure. In addition, the highest catalytic activity of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) was obtained with 1‐chloro‐2, 4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB). GST activity toward 1,2‐dichloro‐4‐nitrobenzene (DCNB) was also observed in the liver, yet it was relatively low as opposed to the other substrates tested. On the other hand, hepatic malondialdehyde level did not show any significant alteration except after the exposure on day 15. The exposure of low concentrations of diazinon to C. carpio can induce oxidative stress in liver; yet restoring susceptibility and adapting to oxidative stress are likely to occur when low level of oxidative stress is administered. Furthermore, no significant change was observed in hepatic lipid peroxidation after diazinon treatment indicating that liver tissue resisted to oxidative stress by enhancing their antioxidant mechanisms. The level of lipid peroxidation was assumed to be associated with the concentrations of diazinon and experimentation periods. The induction of glutathione S‐transferase and antioxidant enzyme activities were also assumed to have resulted from the defense against the toxicity of diazinon. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Keywords	Cyprinus carpio ; acetylcholine ; adverse effects ; catalase ; catalytic activity ; diazinon ; enzyme activity ; fish ; glutathione peroxidase ; lipid peroxidation ; liver ; oxidative stress ; sublethal effects ; superoxide dismutase
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-11
Size	p. 571-578.
Publishing place	Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463449-1
ISSN	1522-7278 ; 1520-4081
ISSN (online)	1522-7278
ISSN	1520-4081
DOI	10.1002/tox.20573
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Oxidative stress, steroid hormone concentrations and acetylcholinesterase activity in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to chlorpyrifos

Oruç, Elif Özcan

Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 2010 Mar., v. 96, no. 3

2010

Abstract: We investigated the endocrine disrupting effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl which is suspected to be originated from oxidative stress. Initially, the 96 h LC50 values of chlorpyrifos in juvenile and adult of Oreochromis niloticus were determined to be 98.67 ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the endocrine disrupting effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl which is suspected to be originated from oxidative stress. Initially, the 96 h LC50 values of chlorpyrifos in juvenile and adult of Oreochromis niloticus were determined to be 98.67 μg/L and 154.01 μg/L, respectively. Sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos-ethyl (5 ppb, 10 ppb, 15 ppb) were administrated to adult fish for 15 and 30 days. Fish were then left to depurate for 15 days in pesticide-free water. Gonadal somatic indices, serum sex steroids as indicators of reproductive function and cortisol level as indicator of stress condition were measured to observe the endocrine disruption effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Gonadal glutathione S-transferase and antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation as indicators of oxidative stress were also measured. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured as a marker of chlorpyrifos toxicity. Results showed that serum estradiol, testosteron and cortisol levels in fish exposed to chlorpyrifos were lower than those of the control fish while gonad somatic indices did not change during the experiments. After 30 days, chlorpyrifos exposure decreased GST activity, and increased SOD enzyme activity by up to 215–446% compared with the control, suggesting there was a oxidative stress. No statistically significant differences between GPx and CAT specific activities, protein contents and lipid peroxidation were determined between control and treatment groups in all exposure concentrations and periods. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased (45.83–77.28%) in gonad tissues. After recovery serum estradiol and testosteron levels were similar to those of the control levels. An increase in the GST and SOD enzyme activities were determined. Cortisol level and AChE activity in all exposure groups decreased after the depuration period, and fish were unable to overcome the stress of chlorpyrifos. Thus, this study revealed that after chlorpyrifos treatments there exists a protective function of antioxidant enzymes against lipid peroxidation in gonad tissue of O. niloticus. There also exist lower testosteron and estradiol levels in exposed fish than those of the control fish without any alterations in oxidative stress, which is attributed to the capability of chlorpyrifos to impair steroid hormone levels.
Keywords	Oreochromis niloticus ; tilapia (common name) ; fish ; animal models ; chlorpyrifos ; endocrine-disrupting chemicals ; oxidative stress ; steroid hormones ; acetylcholinesterase ; enzyme activity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-03
Size	p. 160-166.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184819-7
ISSN	1095-9939 ; 0048-3583 ; 0048-3575
ISSN (online)	1095-9939
ISSN	0048-3583 ; 0048-3575
DOI	10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.11.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Evaluation of oxidative stress responses and neurotoxicity potential of diazinon in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio.

Oruç, Elif Özcan / Usta, Demet

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

2007 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 48–55

Abstract: Toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides is mainly due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, but, oxidative stress may be involved in the toxicity of this pesticides. Therefore, it was investigated whether diazinon, a commonly used organophosphate, ...

Abstract	Toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides is mainly due to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, but, oxidative stress may be involved in the toxicity of this pesticides. Therefore, it was investigated whether diazinon, a commonly used organophosphate, may induce oxidative stress and cholinesterase inhibition in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio. Sublethal concentrations of diazinon (0.0036, 0.018 and 0.036ppb) were administired to C. carpio L. for 5, 15 and 30 days. The study was made by measuring biochemical stress responses of C. carpio L. spectrophotometrically taking into account acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na(+)K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)K(+)-ATPase) and other antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as malondialdehyde and protein contents in gill, muscle and kidney tissues of the fish. Results of the study suggest that AChE (in gill and muscle tissues) and Na(+)K(+)-ATPase (in muscle and kidney tissues) activities decreased; that antioxidant enzymes, in particular superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased in gill, kidney and muscle tissues. We also observed the existence of a protective function of antioxidant enzymes against lipid peroxidation in muscle tissue. The changes in MDA content varied between increases and decreases in kidney tissue. In gill tissue, however, lipid peroxidation could not be prevented despite induction of SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities. We could see that the protein content decreased only in gill tissue as diazinon dosage was gradually increased until the 15th day of the experiment. During the period between 15th and the 30th days, the protein level in the fish was observed to have reached to that of the control group. This change in protein level can be attributed to adjustment of the fish to its new environmental conditions. Considering most of the parameters in tissues, it can be stated that diazinon exerted its effect at low concentration and during a long period of time, and its toxicity increased dose dependently. This study reveals that C. carpio developed tissue-specific adaptive response to neutralize the oxidative stress following pesticide exposure depending on different antioxidant levels in tissues and that SOD can be used as a biomarker in determining diazinon toxicity due to its early response at even low concentration levels.
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1318302-3
ISSN	1382-6689
ISSN	1382-6689
DOI	10.1016/j.etap.2006.06.005
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Article ; Online: Regulation of arcuate genes by developmental exposures to endocrine-disrupting compounds in female rats.

Roepke, Troy A / Yang, Jennifer A / Yasrebi, Ali / Mamounis, Kyle J / Oruc, Elif / Zama, Aparna Mahakali / Uzumcu, Mehmet

Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)

2016 Volume 62, Page(s) 18–26

Abstract: Developmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) alters reproduction and energy homeostasis, both of which are regulated by the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Little is known about the effects of EDC on ARC gene expression. In Experiment #1, ... ...

Abstract	Developmental exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) alters reproduction and energy homeostasis, both of which are regulated by the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Little is known about the effects of EDC on ARC gene expression. In Experiment #1, pregnant dams were treated with either two doses of bisphenol A (BPA) or oil from embryonic day (E)18-21. Neonates were injected from postnatal day (PND)0-7. Vaginal opening, body weights, and ARC gene expression were measured. Chrm3 (muscarinic receptor 3) and Adipor1 (adiponectin receptor 1) were decreased by BPA. Bdnf (brain-derived neurotropic factor), Igf1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), Htr2c (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor), and Cck2r (cholescystokinin 2 receptor) were impacted. In Experiment #2, females were exposed to BPA, diethylstilbestrol (DES), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, or methoxychlor (MXC) during E11-PND7. MXC and DES advanced the age of vaginal opening and ARC gene expression was impacted. These data indicate that EDCs alter ARC genes involved in reproduction and energy homeostasis in females.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639342-1
ISSN	1873-1708 ; 0890-6238
ISSN (online)	1873-1708
ISSN	0890-6238
DOI	10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.014
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Article: Marker enzyme assessment in the liver of cyprinus carpio (L.) exposed to 2,4-D and azinphosmethyl.

Oruç, Elif Ozcan / Uner, Nevin

Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology

2002 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 182–188

Abstract: The potential utility of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation as indicators of exposure to 2,4-D and azinphosmethyl together with the toxic effects of these compounds in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio were evaluated. Biochemical parameters were ... ...

Abstract	The potential utility of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation as indicators of exposure to 2,4-D and azinphosmethyl together with the toxic effects of these compounds in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio were evaluated. Biochemical parameters were recorded spectrophotometrically in fish liver, which were exposed to a single dose of 2,4-D and azinphosmehtyl (1/3 LC(50)), and their mixture at 1:1 ratio for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The most sensitive parameter was glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, which significantly increased with experimental exposures. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity did not change after 24 and 48 h while there was an elevation after 72 h in all exposure groups. The activity decreased only when these were applied in combination at 96 h. Superoxide dismutase activity increased after azinphosmethyl exposure for 48 and 96 h. 2,4-D decreased the activity after 24 h while the activity remained at the same level with control after 48 h. An elevation was found between 72 and 96 h. Mixture treatment did not changed the activity. Glutathione reductase and catalase enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde levels remained constant in all the treatment groups compared with controls. These results suggest that induction of GST activity may be used as biomarker for the assessment of water pollution in C. carpio.
MeSH term(s)	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Azinphosmethyl/pharmacology ; Carps ; Catalase/metabolism ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase/metabolism ; Glutathione Transferase/metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/enzymology ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2577AQ9262) ; Azinphosmethyl (265842EWUV) ; Malondialdehyde (4Y8F71G49Q) ; NADP (53-59-8) ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) ; Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) ; Glutathione Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Glutathione Reductase (EC 1.8.1.7) ; Glutathione Transferase (EC 2.5.1.18)
Language	English
Publishing date	2002
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1410020-4
ISSN	1099-0461 ; 1095-6670
ISSN (online)	1099-0461
ISSN	1095-6670
DOI	10.1002/jbt.10040
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Article: Neurotoxicity evaluation of the organofluorine pesticide etoxazole in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus.

Uner, Nevin / Oruç, Elif / Sevgiler, Yusuf

Drug and chemical toxicology

2006 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–165

Abstract: Etoxazole is a new organofluorine pesticide that has been used worldwide as acaricide and insecticide since 1998. Almost no previous attempt has been made to evaluate the toxic effects of etoxazole in vertebrates. Using fish (Oreochromis niloticus) as a ... ...

Abstract	Etoxazole is a new organofluorine pesticide that has been used worldwide as acaricide and insecticide since 1998. Almost no previous attempt has been made to evaluate the toxic effects of etoxazole in vertebrates. Using fish (Oreochromis niloticus) as a suitable model organism, the aim of this study was to indicate whether etoxazole affects acetylcholinesterase and sodium potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activities in the brain tissue in order to evaluate the impacts on neurotoxicity and ion transportation. Enzyme activities were determined using spectrophotometric methods. At the sublethal concentrations (0.27, 0.54, 0.81, 1.08, 1.35 mg/L) and exposure durations (1, 7, 15 days) tested, etoxazole has no inhibitory effect on the brain acetylcholinesterase and sodium potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activities. Our results suggest that etoxazole and/or its metabolites may not reach or penetrate the blood-brain barrier; therefore, they do not essentially alter the functions of these two important enzymes for the brain.
MeSH term(s)	Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/enzymology ; Central Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced ; Central Nervous System Diseases/enzymology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/classification ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity ; Cichlids ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Oxazoles/toxicity ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism ; Toxicity Tests
Chemical Substances	Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Oxazoles ; Pesticides ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) ; etoxazole (LBE5H21G6L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	548368-2
ISSN	1525-6014 ; 0148-0545
ISSN (online)	1525-6014
ISSN	0148-0545
DOI	10.1080/01480540600561403
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Article: Oxidative stress-related and ATPase effects of etoxazole in different tissues of Oreochromisniloticus.

Uner, Nevin / Oruç, Elif / Sevgiler, Yusuf

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

2005 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 99–106

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of etoxazole, a new organofluorine acaricide-insecticide, on antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde content, and different adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities in the gill, kidney and ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of etoxazole, a new organofluorine acaricide-insecticide, on antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde content, and different adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities in the gill, kidney and muscle tissues of freshwater fish, Oreochromisniloticus. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Na(+), K(+)adenosine triphosphatase, Mg(2+)adenosine triphosphatase, Ca(2+)adenosine triphosphatase activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured spectrophotometrically in whole tissue homogenates of fish exposed to five different sublethal etoxazole concentrations (0.27, 0.54, 0.81, 1.08 and 1.35ppm) for 1, 7 and 15 days. Etoxazole did not cause oxidative stress. Increasing SOD activity in etoxazole-treated fish may be an important factor to restore susceptibility and to adapt to oxidative stress. Na(+), K(+)adenosine triphosphatase activities increase in gill and muscle tissues after etoxazole exposure while they reduce in kidney. Etoxazole treatment did not show significant alterations in Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)adenosine triphosphatase activities. These results suggest that etoxazole could not enhance the oxidative stress in O.niloticus. The effects of etoxazole were only observed at high concentrations and long treatment durations. Etoxazole may specifically have an effect on Na(+), K(+)adenosine triphosphatase activity, which could alter the ionic profiles of the cells in treated tissues.
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1318302-3
ISSN	1382-6689
ISSN	1382-6689
DOI	10.1016/j.etap.2004.11.006
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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