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Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its determinants in the Bono Region of Ghana.

Forkuo, Bright T / Osarfo, Joseph / Ampofo, Gifty D

2023 Volume 56, Issue 4, Page(s) 239–245

Abstract: Objective: The study assessed willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among out-patient department (OPD) attendants in the Bono Region in Ghana.: Design: This was an analytical cross-sectional study.: Setting: The study was conducted at the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The study assessed willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among out-patient department (OPD) attendants in the Bono Region in Ghana. Design: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Wenchi Methodist Hospital (WMH) OPD, Bono Region, Ghana. The region had not yet been earmarked for vaccination at the time of the study. Participants: Three hundred and twenty-five (325) participants aged ≥18 years, accessing care at the OPD of WMH and willing to give informed consent, were interviewed. Main outcome measures: The proportion of participants willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and its determinants. Results: Of 325 participants interviewed, 32 (9.8%) had been vaccinated already. 82.6% (242/293) indicated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the unvaccinated Conclusions: Adequate knowledge of COVID-19 and the vaccine may drive vaccine acceptance in the study area and possibly other areas in Ghana. Campaign messages aimed at increasing COVID-19 vaccine coverage must emphasise its safety, likely side effects and management in order to help rid the population of misconceptions. Funding: None indicated.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Ghana ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	Ghana
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2259233-7
ISSN	2616-163X ; 2616-163X
ISSN (online)	2616-163X
ISSN	2616-163X
DOI	10.4314/gmj.v56i4.2
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Article: Interventions for malaria prevention in pregnancy; factors influencing uptake and their effect on pregnancy outcomes among post-natal women in a tertiary facility in the Volta Region of Ghana.

Ampofo, Gifty Dufie / Ahiakpa, Abraham Kwadzo / Osarfo, Joseph

SAGE open medicine

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 20503121231199653

Abstract: Objectives: Malaria in pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including maternal anaemia and low birthweight. Uptake of preventive interventions is sub-optimal in sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana. Understanding local-level factors ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Malaria in pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including maternal anaemia and low birthweight. Uptake of preventive interventions is sub-optimal in sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana. Understanding local-level factors that influence uptake of these interventions can enhance control. The study assessed uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and insecticide-treated net (ITN) use, their determinants and effects on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 349 post-partum women was conducted from 25 August 2022 to 9 October 2022 at the Ho Teaching Hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participant socio-demographics, ITN use, number of doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine received, knowledge of malaria in pregnancy, haemoglobin levels and birth weight among others. Summary statistics were reported as frequencies, percentages and means. Associations between exposure and outcome variables were assessed using logistic regression methods and odds ratios reported with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was concluded at Results: More than 80% (291) of respondents received ⩾3 doses of intermittent preventive treatment using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and 64.8% (226) slept under ITNs the night before the survey. Age >25 years, employment, good knowledge of malaria in pregnancy, parity ⩾2 and initiating antenatal care visits in the first trimester facilitated the uptake of these interventions. Receiving ⩾3 doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine was associated with having normal-weight babies (adjusted odds ratio 2.80, 95% CI: 1.07, 7.34; Conclusions: The interventions were beneficial against low birthweight and preterm births which predispose to neonatal deaths and poor cognitive function in children. Malaria in pregnancy health campaigns should be intensified, especially among younger-aged primigravidae, to increase their knowledge of the condition as a way to further improve uptake of these preventive interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735399-0
ISSN	2050-3121
ISSN	2050-3121
DOI	10.1177/20503121231199653
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Article ; Online: Trends of malaria infection in pregnancy in Ghana over the past two decades: a review.

Osarfo, Joseph / Ampofo, Gifty Dufie / Tagbor, Harry

Malaria journal

2022 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 3

Abstract: Background: There has been a global decline in malaria transmission over the past decade. However, not much is known of the impact of this observation on the burden of malaria infection in pregnancy in endemic regions including Ghana. A narrative review ...

Abstract	Background: There has been a global decline in malaria transmission over the past decade. However, not much is known of the impact of this observation on the burden of malaria infection in pregnancy in endemic regions including Ghana. A narrative review was undertaken to help describe trends in malaria infection in pregnancy in Ghana. Among others, such information is important in showing any progress made in malaria in pregnancy control. Methods: To describe trends in pregnancy-associated malaria infection in Ghana, a search and review of literature reporting data on the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnancy was conducted. Results: Thirty-six (36) studies, conducted over 1994-2019, were included in the review. In the northern savannah zone with largely seasonal malaria transmission, prevalence appeared to reduce from about 50-60% in 1994-2010 to 13-26% by 2019. In the middle transitional/forest zone, where transmission is perennial with peaks in the rainy season, prevalence apparently reduced from 60% in the late 1990 s to about 5-20% by 2018. In the coastal savannah area, there was apparent reduction from 28 to 35% in 2003-2010 to 5-11% by 2018-2019. The burden of malaria infection in pregnancy continues to be highest among teenagers and younger-aged pregnant women and paucigravidae. Conclusions: There appears to be a decline in asymptomatic parasite prevalence in pregnancy in Ghana though this has not been uniform across the different transmission zones. The greatest declines were noticeably in urban settings. Submicroscopic parasitaemia remains a challenge for control efforts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the reduced parasite prevalence on maternal anaemia and low birthweight and to assess the local burden of submicroscopic parasitaemia in relation to pregnancy outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology ; Prevalence ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1475-2875
ISSN (online)	1475-2875
DOI	10.1186/s12936-021-04031-3
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and associated factors of occupational injuries in an industrial city in Ghana.

Asiedu, Michael Tetteh / Opoku, Douglas Aninng / Ayisi-Boateng, Nana Kwame / Osarfo, Joseph / Sulemana, Alhassan / Mohammed, Aliyu / Amissah, John / Ashilevi, Jennifer / Mate-Kole, Ayongo / Opoku, Felix Agyemang / Yankson, Isaac Kofi / Nakua, Emmanuel Kweku

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0301339

Abstract: Background: Workers are exposed to workplace hazards which increase their risk of occupational injury. Data on occupational injuries and associated factors are important for planning and informing national policy regarding workplace health and safety. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Workers are exposed to workplace hazards which increase their risk of occupational injury. Data on occupational injuries and associated factors are important for planning and informing national policy regarding workplace health and safety. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with occupational injuries among workers in an industrial city in Ghana. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 459 workers in the Tema industrial enclave in Ghana from 22nd December 2020 to 27th February 2021. Participants were recruited using a two-stage sampling technique. Eight communities were randomly selected from twenty-five communities in the first stage while households in each community were randomly selected in the second stage. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, occupational health and safety and occupational injuries were collected. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between occupational injuries and associated factors. Results: The mean age of the workers was 33.9 (±6.8) years with a range of 21-53 while over 18.1% of them were working at the Port and Harbour. The prevalence of occupational injury among the workers in the preceding twelve months was 64.7%. The mechanism of injury was mainly the use of working tools (45.8%) and hot surfaces, substances or chemicals (14.1%). Being a casual staff (AOR: 2.26, 95%CI: 1.04-4.92), working at Port and Harbour (AOR: 3.77, 95%CI: 1.70-8.39), no health and safety training (AOR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.08-4.39), dissatisfaction with health and safety measures (AOR: 4.31, 95%CI: 2.12-8.78) and tertiary education (AOR: 0.03, 95%CI: 0.01-0.10) were significantly associated with occupational injuries. Conclusion: The prevalence of occupational injuries in this study was high. Promoting machine tools' safety, health and safety training, and satisfaction with health and safety measures through rewarding workers who do not sustain injuries could be key to employees' health and safety.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Injuries/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Industry
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0301339
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Article: Prevalence and correlates of depression among students in a senior high school in Ghana: A school-based cross-sectional study.

Obeng-Okon, Nana Akua Sarfoah / Opoku, Douglas Aninng / Ayisi-Boateng, Nana Kwame / Osarfo, Joseph / Amponsah, Obed Kwabena Offe / Ashilevi, Jennifer / Agyemang, Sheneil / Bernard, Frempong / Addai-Manu, Helena / Mohammed, Aliyu

SAGE open medicine

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 20503121241229841

Abstract: Objectives: Depression is one of the most widely reported mental health issues that affect adolescents globally. However, there is a dearth of data on its prevalence and associated factors among senior high school students in Ghana, since previous ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Depression is one of the most widely reported mental health issues that affect adolescents globally. However, there is a dearth of data on its prevalence and associated factors among senior high school students in Ghana, since previous studies have focused more on adult populations. This can hinder policies needed to champion mental health and mental health care in senior high schools. Hence, this study sought to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among senior high school students in Ghana. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study involving 289 students at the Manya Krobo Senior High School was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023. The students were selected using a two-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics and individual characteristics. The primary outcome was depression, and this was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Summary statistics were presented as means, frequencies, and percentages. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with depression and odds ratios presented with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was considered at Results: The mean age of the students was 16.6 (±1.2) with a range of 14-20 years. Over a quarter (26.3%) of the students reported financial difficulties. The prevalence of depression among the students was 68.9%. The factors associated with depression in this study were female sex (adjusted odds ratio: 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.97), age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.81), history of chronic health condition (adjusted odds ratio: 3.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.36-10.25), and financial difficulties (adjusted odds ratio: 2.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-4.63). Conclusion: This study shows that depression is rife among students at the Manya Krobo Senior High School, Manya Krobo District, Ghana. These findings call for pragmatic interventions such as strengthening counseling units and professional mental health services to ameliorate the impact of depression on the lives of students.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735399-0
ISSN	2050-3121
ISSN	2050-3121
DOI	10.1177/20503121241229841
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Article ; Online: Knowledge of female genital schistosomiasis and urinary schistosomiasis among final-year midwifery students in the Volta Region of Ghana.

Azanu, Wisdom Klutse / Osarfo, Joseph / Appiah, Gideon / Godonu, Yvonne Sefadzi / Ampofo, Gifty Dufie / Orish, Verner / Amoh, Michael / Agbeno, Evans Kofi / Morhe, Emmanuel Senanu Komla / Gyapong, Margaret

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) e0302554

Abstract: Background: Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a gynaecological complication of urinary schistosomiasis (US) with an estimated burden of 20-120 million cases in endemic areas. A neglected sexual and reproductive health disease in sub-Saharan Africa, ...

Abstract	Background: Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a gynaecological complication of urinary schistosomiasis (US) with an estimated burden of 20-120 million cases in endemic areas. A neglected sexual and reproductive health disease in sub-Saharan Africa, FGS increases susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections including cervical cancer and infertility among other morbidities. However, there appears to be limited FGS knowledge among practicing and pre-service health providers with implications for control. We assessed FGS awareness among final-year midwifery students who would soon be delivering primary maternal and reproductive health care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 randomly selected final-year students from all three midwifery training institutions in the Volta region of Ghana in August/September, 2022. Data on participants' demographics and knowledge of the transmission, signs and symptoms, complications, treatment and prevention of both FGS and US were collected using structured questionnaires. Summary statistics were presented as frequencies, proportions and percentages. Results: Only 23.3% (44/189) of participants had heard about FGS compared to 64% (123/192) for US. Of the former, 42 (95%), 40 (91%) and 36 (81.8%) respectively identified genital itching/burning sensation, bloody vaginal discharge and pelvic pain/pain during intercourse as part of the symptoms of FGS. Less than a third (13/44) and about half (25/44) of those who indicated hearing about FGS knew it can be a risk for ectopic pregnancies and infertility respectively. Majority of these participants, 40 (91%), wrongly selected antibiotics as treatment for FGS while 9 indicated it is prevented by sleeping in insecticide-treated nets. Conclusion: Awareness of FGS was limited among the study participants. The high prevalence of knowledge of some FGS symptoms related to the genitalia needs cautious interpretation. Health care training institutions must make deliberate efforts to highlight FGS in the training of midwives as the condition has diagnostic and management implications for some sexual and reproductive health conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Adult ; Schistosomiasis haematobia/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Midwifery/education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Young Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students ; Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology ; Genital Diseases, Female/parasitology ; Adolescent ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0302554
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Article ; Online: Occupational injury prevalence and predictors among small-scale sawmill workers in the Sokoban Wood Village, Kumasi, Ghana.

Opoku, Felix Agyemang / Opoku, Douglas Aninng / Ayisi-Boateng, Nana Kwame / Osarfo, Joseph / Sulemana, Alhassan / Agyemang, Sheneil / Amponsah, Obed Kwabena Offe / Asiedu, Michael Tetteh / Gyebi, Robert / Agyei-Baffour, Peter

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) e0298954

Abstract: Background: Sawmill workers are at increased risk of occupational injuries due to their exposure to workplace hazards. However, little is known about the burden of occupational injuries among them in Ghana. Understanding its prevalence and associated ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sawmill workers are at increased risk of occupational injuries due to their exposure to workplace hazards. However, little is known about the burden of occupational injuries among them in Ghana. Understanding its prevalence and associated factors is necessary to design appropriate interventions to improve workers' health and safety. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with occupational injuries among small-scale sawmill workers at Sokoban Wood Village, Kumasi. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 small-scale sawmill workers from December 2020 to January 2021. Data was collected on demographic and work-related characteristics including age, sex, personal protective equipment (PPE), workspace design, and lighting. The primary outcome was the prevalence of occupational injuries in the 12 months preceding the survey. Logistic regression method was used to assess for independent predictors of occupational injuries, and associations were deemed statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: Approximately 66.7% of the workers experienced occupational injuries within the 12 months preceding the study. Cuts (69.6%) were the most commonly reported injuries. Injuries were mainly caused by machine parts/sharp objects (47.8%) and being hit by logs/objects (46.8%). Only 40.7% of the workers reported always using PPE while legs (38.0%) and hands (37.0%) were the most common body parts injured. The worker's monthly income, poor workspace design and poor lighting had increased odds of occupational injuries while an increase in age was associated with a 5% decreased odds of occupational injuries. Conclusion: The prevalence of occupational injuries among the sawmill workers at the Sokoban Wood Village was high, and this calls for prioritization of health and safety at the workplace. Essential measures required include improvements in the safety of machine tools, workspace design and lighting.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Occupational Injuries/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Wood ; Male ; Female
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0298954
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Article: Psychological impact of COVID-19 on health workers in Ghana: A multicentre, cross-sectional study.

Ofori, Anthony Amanfo / Osarfo, Joseph / Agbeno, Evans Kofi / Manu, Dominic Owusu / Amoah, Elsie

SAGE open medicine

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 20503121211000919

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacted an appreciable burden on health systems globally including adverse psychological impacts on health workers. This study sought to assess COVID-19-related fear, depression, anxiety and stress among hospital ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacted an appreciable burden on health systems globally including adverse psychological impacts on health workers. This study sought to assess COVID-19-related fear, depression, anxiety and stress among hospital staff, potential factors that may help reduce its psychological effects and their personal coping strategies. The study will help to highlight the psychological impact of COVID-19 on Ghanaian health workers and indirectly serve as a needs assessment survey for input to support affected staff and the broader health system. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health workers in three hospitals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana from 11 July 2020 to 12 August 2020. Demographic data and scores from the validated DASS-21 and Fear of COVID-19 scales and two other scales developed de novo were entered from 272 self-administered questionnaires and analyzed for means, frequencies and proportions. Fisher's exact test analysis was done to ascertain associations between selected independent variables and depression, anxiety, stress and fear. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the mean and median scores of the outcome variables across the three study hospitals. Results and conclusion: Over 40% of respondents had fear while 21.1%, 27.8% and 8.2% had depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Positive attitudes from colleagues and the government's tax-free salary relief were some factors said to reduce the psychological effects while over half of participants indicated praying more often as a coping strategy. There is a need for the health system to recognize the presence of these adverse psychological effects in health workers and take pragmatic steps to address them.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735399-0
ISSN	2050-3121
ISSN	2050-3121
DOI	10.1177/20503121211000919
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Article ; Online: Molecular Markers of

Osarfo, Joseph / Tagbor, Harry / Magnussen, Pascal / Alifrangis, Michael

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2018 Volume 98, Issue 6, Page(s) 1714–1717

Abstract: Data on prevalence of antimalarial molecular resistance markers in pregnant women in Ghana is scarce. Prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms/haplotypes in ... ...

Abstract	Data on prevalence of antimalarial molecular resistance markers in pregnant women in Ghana is scarce. Prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms/haplotypes in the
MeSH term(s)	Antimalarials/administration & dosage ; Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination/administration & dosage ; Artemisinins/administration & dosage ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/mortality ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Pregnancy ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Pyrimethamine/administration & dosage ; Sulfadoxine/administration & dosage ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antimalarials ; Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination ; Artemisinins ; Drug Combinations ; Genetic Markers ; Mdr1 protein, Plasmodium falciparum ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum ; Protozoan Proteins ; fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination (37338-39-9) ; Sulfadoxine (88463U4SM5) ; artemisinin (9RMU91N5K2) ; DHFR protein, Plasmodium falciparum (EC 1.5.1.3) ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.3) ; Pyrimethamine (Z3614QOX8W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.18-0009
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Article ; Online: Assessment and determinants of acute post-caesarean section pain in a tertiary facility in Ghana.

Azanu, Wisdom Klutse / Osarfo, Joseph / Larsen-Reindorf, Roderick Emil / Agbeno, Evans Kofi / Dassah, Edward / Amanfo, Anthony Ofori / Dah, Anthony Kwame / Ampofo, Gifty

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) e0268947

Abstract: Introduction: Caesarean sections (CS) feature prominently in obstetric care and have impacted positively on maternal / neonatal outcomes globally including Ghana. However, in spite of documented increasing CS rates in the country, there are no studies ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Caesarean sections (CS) feature prominently in obstetric care and have impacted positively on maternal / neonatal outcomes globally including Ghana. However, in spite of documented increasing CS rates in the country, there are no studies assessing the adequacy of post-CS pain control. This study assessed the adequacy of post-CS pain management as well as factors influencing this outcome. Additionally, post-CS analgesia prescription and serving habits of doctors and nurses were also described to help fill existing knowledge gaps. Methods: Pain scores of 400 randomly selected and consenting post-CS women at a tertiary facility in Ghana were assessed at 6-12 hours post-CS at rest and with movement and at 24-36 hours post-CS with movement using a validated visual analog scale (VAS) from February 1, 2015 to April 8, 2015. Participant characteristics including age, marital status and duration of CS were obtained using pretested questionnaires and patient records review. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and proportions. Associations between background characteristics and the outcome variables of adequacy of pain control at 6-12 hours post-CS at rest and with movement and at 24-36 hours post-CS with movement were analysed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression methods. Adequate pain control was defined as VAS scores ≤5. Results: At 6-12 hours post-CS (at rest), equal proportions of participants had adequate and inadequate pain control (50.1% vrs 49.9%). Over the same time period but with movement, pain control was deemed inadequate in 93% of respondents (369/396). Women who had one previous surgery [OR 0.47 95%CI 0.27, 0.82; p = 0.008] and those whose CS lasted longer than 45 mins [OR 0.39 95% CI 0.24, 0.62; p<0.001] had lower odds of reporting adequate pain control. Women prescribed 12-hourly and 8-hourly doses of pethidine had only 23.5% (12/51) and 10.3% (3/29) served as prescribed respectively. At 24-36 hours post CS, adequate pain control was reported by 85.3% (326/382) of participants. Conclusions: Pain management was deemed inadequate within the first 12 hours post-CS with potential implications for early mother-child interaction. Appreciable numbers of participants did not have their analgesics served as prescribed. Adjunct pain control measures should be explored and healthcare workers must be encouraged to pay more attention to patients' pain relief needs.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Cesarean Section/adverse effects ; Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pain ; Pregnancy
Chemical Substances	Analgesics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0268947
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