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  1. Article ; Online: Low incidence of COVID-19 case severity and mortality in Africa; Could malaria co-infection provide the missing link?

    Osei, Silas Acheampong / Biney, Robert Peter / Anning, Alberta Serwah / Nortey, Lydia Nkuah / Ghartey-Kwansah, George

    BMC infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 78

    Abstract: Background: Despite reports of malaria and coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) co-infection, malaria-endemic regions have so far recorded fewer cases of COVID-19 and deaths from COVID-19, indicating a probable protection from the poor outcome of COVID- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite reports of malaria and coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) co-infection, malaria-endemic regions have so far recorded fewer cases of COVID-19 and deaths from COVID-19, indicating a probable protection from the poor outcome of COVID-19 by malaria. On the contrary, other evidence suggests that malaria might contribute to the death caused by COVID-19. Hence, this paper reviewed existing evidence hypothesizing poor outcome or protection of COVID-19 patients when co-infected with malaria.
    Methods: PRISMA guidelines for systematic review were employed in this study. Published articles from December 2019 to May 2021on COVID-19 and malaria co-infection and outcome were systematically searched in relevant and accessible databases following a pre-defined strategy. Studies involving human, in vivo animal studies, and in vitro studies were included.
    Results: Twenty three (23) studies were included in the review out of the 3866 records identified in the selected scientific databases. Nine (9) papers reported on co-infection of COVID-19 and malaria. Five (5) papers provided information about synergism of malaria and COVID-19 poor prognosis, 2 papers reported on syndemic of COVID-19 and malaria intervention, and 7 studies indicated that malaria protects individuals from COVID-19.
    Conclusions: Low incidence of COVID-19 in malaria-endemic regions supports the hypothesis that COVID-19 poor prognosis is prevented by malaria. Although further studies are required to ascertain this hypothesis, cross-immunity and common immunodominant isotopes provide strong evidence to support this hypothesis. Also, increase in co-inhibitory receptors and atypical memory B cells indicate synergy between COVID-19 and malaria outcome, though, more studies are required to make a definite conclusion.
    MeSH term(s) Africa/epidemiology ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malaria/complications ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Memory B Cells ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2041550-3
    ISSN 1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
    ISSN (online) 1471-2334
    ISSN 1471-2334
    DOI 10.1186/s12879-022-07064-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Genetics of cerebral malaria: pathogenesis, biomarkers and emerging therapeutic interventions.

    Nortey, Lydia Nkuah / Anning, Alberta Serwah / Nakotey, Gideon Kwesi / Ussif, Abdala Mumuni / Opoku, Yeboah Kwaku / Osei, Silas Acheampong / Aboagye, Benjamin / Ghartey-Kwansah, George

    Cell & bioscience

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 91

    Abstract: Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) is a preeminent cause of severe disease and premature deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 90% of cases occur. The key features of CM are a deep, unarousable coma that persists for longer than 1 h in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) is a preeminent cause of severe disease and premature deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 90% of cases occur. The key features of CM are a deep, unarousable coma that persists for longer than 1 h in patients with peripheral Plasmodium falciparum and no other explanation for encephalopathy. Significant research efforts on CM in the last few decades have focused on unravelling the molecular underpinnings of the disease pathogenesis and the identification of potential targets for therapeutic or pharmacologic intervention. These efforts have been greatly aided by the generation and study of mouse models of CM, which have provided great insights into key events of CM pathogenesis, revealed an interesting interplay of host versus parasite factors that determine the progression of malaria to severe disease and exposed possible targets for therapeutic intervention in severe disease.
    Main body: This paper reviews our current understanding of the pathogenic and immunologic factors involved in CM. We present the current view of the roles of certain gene products e.g., the var gene, ABCA-1, ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, CD-36, PfEMP-1 and G6PD, in CM pathogenesis. We also present alterations in the blood-brain barrier as a consequence of disease proliferation as well as complicated host and parasite interactions, including the T-cell immune reaction, reduced deformation of erythrocytes and cytoadherence. We further looked at recent advances in cerebral malaria treatment interventions by emphasizing on biomarkers, new diagnostic tools and emerging therapeutic options.
    Conclusion: Finally, we discuss how the current understanding of some of these pathogenic and immunologic factors could inform the development of novel therapeutic interventions to fight CM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2593367-X
    ISSN 2045-3701
    ISSN 2045-3701
    DOI 10.1186/s13578-022-00830-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Xylopic acid-amodiaquine and xylopic acid-artesunate combinations are effective in managing malaria in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.

    Osei, Silas Acheampong / Biney, Robert Peter / Obese, Ernest / Agbenyeku, Mary Atta-Panyi / Attah, Isaac Yaw / Ameyaw, Elvis Ofori / Boampong, Johnson Nyarko

    Malaria journal

    2021  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 113

    Abstract: Background: Evidence of Plasmodium resistance to some of the current anti-malarial agents makes it imperative to search for newer and effective drugs to combat malaria. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the co-administrations of xylopic acid- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Evidence of Plasmodium resistance to some of the current anti-malarial agents makes it imperative to search for newer and effective drugs to combat malaria. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the co-administrations of xylopic acid-amodiaquine and xylopic acid-artesunate combinations will produce a synergistic anti-malarial effect.
    Methods: Antiplasmodial effect of xylopic acid (XA: 3, 10, 30, 100, 150 mg kg
    Results: ED
    Conclusion: Xylopic acid co-administration with either artesunate or amodiaquine produces a synergistic anti-plasmodial effect in mice infected with P. berghei.
    MeSH term(s) Amodiaquine/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Artesunate/therapeutic use ; Diterpenes, Kaurane/therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Malaria/drug therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Plasmodium berghei/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antimalarials ; Diterpenes, Kaurane ; Drug Combinations ; xylopic acid ; Amodiaquine (220236ED28) ; Artesunate (60W3249T9M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1475-2875
    ISSN (online) 1475-2875
    DOI 10.1186/s12936-021-03658-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Effects of in utero exposure to monosodium glutamate on locomotion, anxiety, depression, memory and KCC2 expression in offspring.

    Biney, Robert Peter / Djankpa, Francis Tanam / Osei, Silas Acheampong / Egbenya, Daniel Lawer / Aboagye, Benjamin / Karikari, Akua Afriyie / Ussif, Abdala / Wiafe, Gideon Akuamoah / Nuertey, David

    International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience

    2021  Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 50–62

    Abstract: In pregnancy, there is a significant risk for developing embryos to be adversely affected by everyday chemicals such as food additives and environmental toxins. In recent times, several studies have documented the detrimental effect of exposure to such ... ...

    Abstract In pregnancy, there is a significant risk for developing embryos to be adversely affected by everyday chemicals such as food additives and environmental toxins. In recent times, several studies have documented the detrimental effect of exposure to such chemicals on the behaviour and neurodevelopment of the offspring. This study evaluated the influence of the food additive, monosodium glutamate (MSG), on behaviour and development in mice. Pregnant dams were exposed to MSG 2 or 4 g/kg or distilled water from gestation day 10-20. On delivery, postnatal day 1 (PN 1), 3 pups were sacrificed and whole brain samples assayed for KCC2 expression by western blot. The remaining pups were housed until PN 43 before commencing behavioural assessment. Their weights were measured at birth and at 3 days intervals until PN 42. The impact of prenatal exposure to MSG on baseline exploratory, anxiety and depression behaviours as well as spatial and working memory was assessed. In utero exposure to 4 g/kg MSG significantly reduced exploratory drive and increased depression-like behaviours but did not exert any significant impact on anxiety-like behaviours (p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a two-fold increase in KCC2 expression in both 2 and 4 g/kg MSG-exposed offspring. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that, in utero exposure to MSG increases the expression of KCC2 and causes significant effect on locomotion and depression-like behaviours but only marginally affects memory function.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anxiety/chemically induced ; Depression/chemically induced ; Female ; Locomotion ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Sodium Glutamate/toxicity ; Symporters/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Symporters ; Sodium Glutamate (W81N5U6R6U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605533-3
    ISSN 1873-474X ; 0736-5748
    ISSN (online) 1873-474X
    ISSN 0736-5748
    DOI 10.1002/jdn.10158
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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